scholarly journals O pojęciu i istocie bezpieczeństwa

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz ROSICKI
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
General Definition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spatial Entity

The subject of the paper is the notion and essence of security. The paper is divided into three parts; the first one discusses the essence of security, the second – the increasing significance of security in non-military dimensions, while the third part presents different ways of defining the notion of security. The first part analyzes security in its philosophical, existential and biological contexts. These considerations are concluded with a general definition of security as the opportunity to fulfill one’s existential needs as well as to ensure one’s existence, survival and development. Security is also a state of certainty of the above opportunities. The second part of the paper concerns the issue of the expansion of the notion of security. This is related to redefining power in international relations and with the progressing specialization of the fields of study that deal with the issue of security. Additionally, attention should be paid to the expanding repertoire of threats, which forms an element of numerous definitions of security. The expansion of this repertoire itself may be a consequence of increased awareness in various realms of social activity (e.g. environmental protection). The last part concentrates on the ways of defining security and concerns four approaches to security as the (1) subject, (2) object, (3) a spatial entity, and (4) a process. It can be said that the concept of security is open; it is impossible to present a single, clear set of definitions. This follows from the open repertoire of threats and different approaches of different fields. Therefore, static approaches to the essence of security should be criticized. It should also be stated that the range of the concept will continue to expand.

Delving into Horror

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Definition Of

The springboard for this essay is the author’s encounter with the feeling of horror and her attempts to understand what place horror has in philosophy. The inquiry relies upon Leonid Lipavsky’s “Investigation of Horror” and on various textual plunges into the fanged and clawed (and possibly noumenal) abyss of Nick Land’s work. Various experiences of horror are examined in order to build something of a typology, while also distilling the elements characteristic of the experience of horror in general. The essay’s overall hypothesis is that horror arises from a disruption of the usual ways of determining the boundaries between external things and the self, and this leads to a distinction between three subtypes of horror. In the first subtype, horror begins with the indeterminacy at the boundaries of things, a confrontation with something that defeats attempts to define it and thereby calls into question the definition of the self. In the second subtype, horror springs from the inability to determine one’s own boundaries, a process opposed by the crushing determinacy of the world. In the third subtype, horror unfolds by means of a substitution of one determinacy by another which is unexpected and ungrounded. In all three subtypes of horror, the disturbance of determinacy deprives the subject, the thinking entity, of its customary foundation for thought, and even of an explanation of how that foundation was lost; at times this can lead to impairment of the perception of time and space. Understood this way, horror comes within a hair’s breadth of madness - and may well cross over into it.

scholarly journals God’s Love in the Teaching of Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Sylwester Jaśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
The Third ◽  
God's Love ◽  
Triune God ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theological Thought

The article presents the subject of God’s love in Cardinal Wyszyński’s teaching. Primate Wyszyński puts God’s love at the very center of his theological thought. The theme of God’s love is discussed in seven sections: the first of them refers to the most famous words of Saint John’s “Deus Caritas est” (1 Jn 4:8,16), which are a short and brief definition of God; the second section develops Cardinal Wyszyński’s statement that there was a “time” in which only Love existed; the third section concerns the impartation of God’s love; fourth section describes the love of the Father; fifth section speaks of the greatest Love, which is the Incarnate Son of God, Jesus Christ; section six focuses on the Holy Spirit, who is the Spirit of Love; the last section speaks of Mary, Mother of Beautiful Love. The whole ends with the summary. In his teachings on the love of God, Cardinal Wyszyński started with the inner life of the Triune God, with the Person of the Father, and then focuses on the salvific mission of the Son of God and the sanctifying action of the Holy Spirit. In this way, he appreciates both the category of God the Father and God as a Father full of love.

UPOREDNI PRIKAZ HRVATSKOG I SLOVENAČKOG PRAVA GRAĐENjA

Glasnik prava ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
Edina Kočan
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Construction Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The author presents a comparative legal analysis of the segments of construction law in Croatian and Slovenian law, with the aim of pointing out the differences that exist between them. Considering that this is a relatively new legal institute, which was somewhat earlier standardized in Slovenian law in relation to Croatian law, in the introductory exposition, a brief review was made of the occurrence of the construction law and the reasons for earlier non-regulation. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the stipulations of Act on ownership and Property Code of the Republic of Slovenia. This part refers to the conceptual definition of the construction law, in order to classify it in a certain broader unit, to which it belongs - genus proximum - searching for the closest relative, emphasizing the important characteristics that make it specific in relation to other property rights. In the third part of the paper, the author analyses the stipulations related to the subject of building rights, with reference to the dilemmas that exist in that sense, both in Croatian and Slovenian jurisprudence, as well as in the legal science of some other countries. The fourth part of the paper is dedicated to the stipulations that regulate the acquisition and duration of construction rights. Considering that derivative acquisition, among other things, characterizes the existence of bases and ways of acquisition, first possible bases of acquisition are presented, and then entry in appropriate public books as a way of acquiring this right and its duration. The concluding part of the paper summarizes the results of the analysis and evaluates the considered legal solutions, with the presentation of reasoned objections to the existing regulations, all with the aim of eventual amendment of the right to build in the legal systems in question.

Terrorism or not terrorism? Whose money are we looking for?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Tofangsaz
Keyword(s):  
General Definition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Counter Measures ◽  
Terrorist Financing ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Terrorism Financing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Common Understanding

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the counter-terrorism financing regime provides a solid platform for a better understanding of who should be considered terrorists or what forms terrorism, terrorist acts and terrorist groups, the financing of which is the subject matter. In the absence of an internationally agreed definition of terrorism, the question which needs to be posed is whether there is a clear and common understanding of what constitutes terrorism, terrorist acts and terrorist groups, the financing of which needs to be stopped. That is, from a criminal law perspective, whether the Terrorist Financing Convention, as the backbone of the counter-terrorist financing regime, clarifies what types of conduct, by who, in what circumstances and when, against whom (targets or victims) and with what intention or motivation should be considered terrorism? Design/methodology/approach – It will be explained how and why it has been difficult to reach an agreement on the definition of terrorism. The endeavour of the drafters of the Terrorist Financing Convention and others involved in countering terrorist financing to establish a general definition of terrorism will be examined. Findings – The record of attempts to define the elements of terrorism proves that it is hardly possible to reach an agreement on a generic definition of terrorism because the concept of terrorism is elusive and subject to various understandings. Even the definition provided by the Terrorist Financing Convention, is not convincing. Originality/value – With regard to the findings, this paper calls for further research on the legal consequences of the implementation of the terrorist financing-counter measures, while the scope of terrorism, terrorist acts and terrorist organizations have been left vague.

‘TALKING POLITICS’: TYRANNY, PARLIAMENT, AND CHRISTOPHER BROOKE'S THE GHOST OF RICHARD THE THIRD (1614)

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELLE O'CALLAGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Inns Of Court ◽  
Literary Cultures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The career of the MP and poet Christopher Brooke, in particular his The ghost of Richard the third (1614) and his activity in the 1614 ‘addled’ parliament, forms the basis of this study of Jacobean political culture. Brooke's career foregrounds the close interaction of political and literary cultures in the period; he was a leading member of the political circle, the ‘Sireniacs’, which had strong parliamentary ties, and was one of the Inns of Court-based ‘oppositional’ Spenserian poets. Together with his fellow ‘Sireniac’ MPs, Brooke vehemently opposed the definition of impositions as the domain of absolute rather than ordinary powers of the crown because of the threat this posed to the rights of parliament and the subject. The ghost of Richard the third provides an example of parliamentary debates entering a wider print culture, where impositions merged with broader civic issues. Political language in this period was not confined to the realms of high theory and Brooke's poem illustrates the complex mediation of political discourses through literary forms. A humanist discourse of tyranny provided Brooke with a coded language, enabling him to articulate his concern for the health of the commonwealth and to address areas of ideological conflict in early Stuart political culture.

scholarly journals The Czech Way of Addressing the Global Challenges Accompanied with Creative Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Milčák
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Different Cultures

The article aims to provide a clear picture of the Czech Republic’s approach toward coping with the creative industries in the context of their numerous shortcomings and ambiguities. The theoretical framework of the article is divided into three primary parts, each dealing with a different set of problems. The first part deals with the problems arising from the scattered definition of the concept of creative industries along with potential linguistic problems arising from understanding the meaning of words creative industries in different cultures. The second part deals with the issue of the creation of various tools and methods for incorporating creative industries within national economies. The third part deals with the subject of creating public policies in the field of culture and the possible dilemmas associated with them. At the end of each section, space is dedicated to describing the Czech Republic’s approach concerning dealing with these problems. Methodologically the article is built upon the secondary research of relevant research papers written by academics researching the field of creative industries and on the analysis of the statistical data provided by the Czech Statistical Office. Findings resulting from the article points to the increased long-term efforts of state officials to establish the concept of creative industries fully

scholarly journals RECRUIT SPATIAL SYMBOLS IN BRAND DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Dina Mohammed INAD
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cement Factories

Brand plays a major role in the success of companies, the corporate identity has become firmly established in the business communication environment, and can play a major role in the success of the company. Spatial symbols do not take a mere narrative structural formation, because their presence is not a neutral, static presence, but rather plays an active role in brand design and even in determining its functional options. Accordingly, dealing with these symbols was of great importance, as they are one of the components of the semantic construction of the design work , It is one of the foundations that constitute the designer's vision towards achieving the desired goal of the design, In this context, the search for spatial symbols becomes justified, especially if the design is among the works that show the act of belonging to the place. the importance of the tagged study (the employment of spatial symbols in the design of brands) to clarify the subject through three chapters. The first chapter includes the research problem and the need for it Which is represented by the following question (What are spatial symbols and how are they employed in the brand)? The aim of the study was (to identify spatial symbols in brand design). It includes the importance of the research, the limits of the research, and the definition of terms. As for the second chapter, it included the theoretical framework consisting of four sections that included the first topic (the symbol and identity of the place) and the second topic (symbols in graphic design), while the third topic included (the brand design). The fourth topic included (research applications), as the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, the method of content analysis in analyzing research models. In the third chapter, the research reached the results and conclusions, including: 1-As a result, the spatial symbols in the brand achieve the depth of belonging and the cultural embodiment of the country to be employed in the brand. 2-The spatial symbols in the design of the brand have had a creative impact on the recipient, and it helps him identify the spatial references of the industrial establishment (cement factories).

Nationalism in Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages

1972 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Obolensky
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
General Definition ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

The divergent views held by historians and sociologists as to what does and does not constitute nationalism will, I hope, provide me with some excuse for not attempting here a general definition of this phenomenon. Nor will I presume to adjudicate between the opinions of scholars like Hans Kohn who, confining their attention to Western Europe, will not hear of nationalism before the rise of modern states between the sixteenth and the eighteenth century, and of historians like G. G. Coulton who, after surveying the policy of the Papacy, the life of the Universities, the internal frictions in the monasteries and the history of medieval warfare, concluded that nationalism, which had been developing in Western Europe since the eleventh century, became a basic factor in European politics by the fourteenth. My paper is concerned with the medieval history of Eastern Europe: an area which I propose to define, by combining a geographical with a cultural criterion, as the group of countries which lay within the political or cultural orbit of Byzantium. The subject is vast and complex, and I can do no more than select a few topics for discussion. These I would like to present as arguments in support of three theses.

scholarly journals Système et crise en politique internationale

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brecher
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
System Change ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Process Issue ◽  
International Systems

This paper is designed to enrich basic concepts. The specific goals are twofold: to stimulate a renewed interest in a System orientation to international relations ; and to prepare the g round for an analysis of the system-crisis linkage, that is, crises as international earthquakes or triggers to System change. The first section analyses approches to international Systems. In the light of their shortcomings a revised definition of a System is presented, along with a discussion of the core System components - structure, process, issue, boundaries, context and environment. The second part attempts to break fresh ground on the concepts of stability and equilibrium. The third section provides a new perspective on systemic crisis. Part four confronts the major task of linking the unit and System levels of crisis analysis, conceptually and empirically.

scholarly journals XX. A memoir on curves of the third order

1857 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 415-446 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Geometrical Theory ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cubic Curve ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

A curve of the third order, or cubic curve, is the locus represented by an equation such as U=(*)( x , y , z ) 3 =0; and it appears by my “Third Memoir on Quantics,” that it is proper to consider, in connexion with the curve of the third order U = 0, and its Hessian HU=0 (which is also a curve of the third order), two curves of the third class, viz. the curves represented by the equations PU=0 and QU=0. These equations, I say, represent curves of the third class; in fact, PU and QU are contravariants of U, and therefore, when the variables x , y , z of U are considered as point coordinates, the variables ξ, η, ζ of PU and QU must be considered as line coordinates, and the curves will be curves of the third class. I propose (in analogy with the form of the word Hessian) to call the two curves in question the Pippian and Quippian respectively. A geometrical definition of the Pippian was readily found; the curve is in fact Steiner’s curve R 0 mentioned in the memoir “Allgemeine Eigenschaften der algebraischen Curven,” Crelle , t. xlvii. pp. 1-6, in the particular case of a basis-curve of the third order; and I also found that the Pippian might be considered as occurring implicitly in my “Mémoire sur les Courbes du Troisiéme Ordre,” Liouville , t. ix. p. 285, and “Nouvelles Remarques sur les Courbes du Troisiéme Ordre,” Liouville , t. x. p. 102. As regards the Quippian, I have not succeeded in obtaining a satisfactory geometrical definition; but the search after it led to a variety of theorems, relating chiefly to the first-mentioned curve, and the results of the investigation are contained in the present memoir. Some of these results are due to Mr. Salmon, with whom I was in correspondence on the subject. The character of the results makes it diflicult to develope them in a systematic order; hut the results are given in such connexion one with another as I have been able to present them in. Considering the object of the memoir to be the establishment of a distinct geometrical theory of the Pippian, the leading results will be found summed up in the nine different definitions or modes of generation of the Pippian, given in the concluding number. In the course of the memoir I give some further developments relating to the theory in the memoirs in Liouville above referred to, showing its relation to the Pippian, and the analogy with theorems of Hesse in relation to the Hessian. Article No. 1.— Definitions , &c . 1. It may be convenient to premise as follows:—Considering, in connexion with a curve of the third order or cubic, a point , we have— ( a ) The first or conic polar of the point. ( b ) The second or line polar of the point. The meaning of these terms is well known, and they require no explanation.

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