scholarly journals Anatomy of a crash repository

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C Campbell ◽  
Eddie Antonio Santos ◽  
Abram Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Hardware Architectures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bucket Size ◽  
Data Mine

This work investigates the properties of crash reports collected from Ubuntu Linux users. Understanding crash reports is important to better store, categorize, prioritize, parse, triage, assign bugs to, and potentially synthesize them. Understanding what is in a crash report, and how the metadata and stack traces in crash reports vary will help solve, debug, and prevent the causes of crashes. 10 different aspects of 40,592 crash reports about 1,921 pieces of software submitted by users and developers to the Ubuntu project were analyzed, plotted, and statistical distributions were fitted to some of them. We investigated the structure and properties of crash reports. Crashes have many properties that seem to have distributions similar to standard statistical distributions, but with even longer tails than expected. These aspects of crash reports have not been analyzed statistically before. We found that many applications only had a single crash, while a few applications had a large number of crashes reported. Crash bucket size (clusters of similar crashes) also followed a Zipf-like distribution. The lifespan of buckets ranged from less than an hour to over four years. Some stack traces were short, and some were so long they were truncated by the tool that produced them. Many crash reports had no recursion, some contained recursion, and some displayed evidence of unbounded recursion. Linguistics literature hinted that sentence length follows a gamma distribution; this is not the case for function name length. Additionally, only two hardware architectures, and a few signals are reported for almost all of the crashes in the Ubuntu dataset. Many crashes were similar but there were also many unique crashes. This study of crashes from 1,921 projects will be valuable for anyone who wishes to: cluster or deduplicate crash reports, synthesize or simulate crash reports, store or triage crash reports, or data-mine crash reports.

scholarly journals Anatomy of a crash repository

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua C Campbell ◽  
Eddie Antonio Santos ◽  
Abram Hindle
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Hardware Architectures ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bucket Size ◽  
Data Mine

This work investigates the properties of crash reports collected from Ubuntu Linux users. Understanding crash reports is important to better store, categorize, prioritize, parse, triage, assign bugs to, and potentially synthesize them. Understanding what is in a crash report, and how the metadata and stack traces in crash reports vary will help solve, debug, and prevent the causes of crashes. 10 different aspects of 40,592 crash reports about 1,921 pieces of software submitted by users and developers to the Ubuntu project were analyzed, plotted, and statistical distributions were fitted to some of them. We investigated the structure and properties of crash reports. Crashes have many properties that seem to have distributions similar to standard statistical distributions, but with even longer tails than expected. These aspects of crash reports have not been analyzed statistically before. We found that many applications only had a single crash, while a few applications had a large number of crashes reported. Crash bucket size (clusters of similar crashes) also followed a Zipf-like distribution. The lifespan of buckets ranged from less than an hour to over four years. Some stack traces were short, and some were so long they were truncated by the tool that produced them. Many crash reports had no recursion, some contained recursion, and some displayed evidence of unbounded recursion. Linguistics literature hinted that sentence length follows a gamma distribution; this is not the case for function name length. Additionally, only two hardware architectures, and a few signals are reported for almost all of the crashes in the Ubuntu dataset. Many crashes were similar but there were also many unique crashes. This study of crashes from 1,921 projects will be valuable for anyone who wishes to: cluster or deduplicate crash reports, synthesize or simulate crash reports, store or triage crash reports, or data-mine crash reports.

Toward designing new sensoaesthetic materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Miodownik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Arts Community

In ancient societies, there was no arts/science split. The development of materials was driven both by aesthetic and technological goals. At the end of the 19th century, things changed dramatically. Scientists started being able to analyze composition, detect structure, and make a link between structure and properties. The subsequent 20th-century revolution in new materials changed almost all aspects of human activity. However, it was not without serious side-effects, the first of which has been that the materials science community has willingly marginalized itself. The second is the eradication of interest in the sensual and aesthetic properties of materials, and thus the banishment of the creative urges that arrive via the senses. This paper discusses these issues, and suggests that collaboration with the materials arts community offers exciting new challenges and could create an intellectual community that is not just more culturally and ethically aware, but also nurtures more innovative science.

scholarly journals Modeling of the structure and properties of a mineral wool cylinders

2019 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 00096
Author(s):  
Kazbek Ivanov ◽  
Boris Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Operational Reliability ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Almost All

Thermal insulation is used in almost all industries, providing technological requirements, operational reliability and trouble-free operation of facilities, many of which are classified as explosive and fire hazardous or pose a danger to human health and the environment. Mineral wool cylinders are used to insulation of pipelines in all industries. The main segment is pipeline insulation in various industries for a pipe with small diameter of 12 to 273 mm. When insulating pipes of a larger diameter, segments (half-cylinders) or mats are used. It is widely used at all facilities without restriction, such as: multifunctional shopping centers, private housing, apartment buildings, factories and pipelines of technical equipment, food industry (at the food industry plants apply high fire safety requirements, as well as cleanliness in the workspace), hospitals, kindergartens, schools.

scholarly journals Mathematical model to optimize drilling-and-blasting operations in the process of open-pit hard rock mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Petro Shcherbakov ◽  
Svitlana Tymchenko ◽  
Marat Bitimbayev ◽  
Nurzhigit Sarybayev ◽  
Serik Moldabayev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Rock Fragmentation ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Differential Function ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Hard Rock Mining ◽  
Rock Mining

Purpose is to determine a function of the reduced expenditures connected with drilling-and-blasting operations, loading and hauling operations, and rock fragmentation depending upon the cost of machine-shift of the applied facility, its operation modes, hardness of rock being blasted, cost of the used explosive, and rock fragmentation quality based upon the developed optimization mathematical model. Methods. Method of statistical evaluation of natural blockiness structure of the rock as well as quality of its fragmentation by means of explosive energy has been applied. Statistical studies have been carried out concerning the basic indices of rock fragmentation depending upon its largeness and block hardness. Purposely-designed experimental equipment has been applied for sampling analysis of the rock fracturing in the process of its drilling by means of rotary drilling rig. The abovementioned supported representativeness of the sampling. Findings. Statistical distributions of the rock blockiness structure in terms of each bar length involving its place within the drilling assembly as well as in terms of the well depth have been compiled. Visual comparison of experimental data and theoretical data has helped determine that the statistical distributions of natural blockiness structure of the rock have the closest correlation with gamma distribution which differential function has two positive parameters. Statistical dependence has been defined between drilling-and-blasting results and the total expenditures connected with hard rock mining. Originality. A concept of oversize crushing coefficient has been introduced; its statistical dependence upon the mined rock hardness and specific consumption of the applied explosive has been derived. An alternative has been proposed concerning changes in parameters of the differential function of the assumed gamma distribution relative to the predicted granulometric composition of rock mass. Practical implications. Economic and mathematical model has been developed involving a target function of the total expenditures connected with the listed operations as well as a set of constraints avoiding incorrect decisions. The optimization method makes it possible to control drilling-and-blasting parameters at each stage of hard rock mining.

scholarly journals SENTENCE LENGTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Liqaa' Sadeq Ali
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Short Sentence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Proper Length ◽  
Coordinate Structures

Writers usually exert many efforts in writing sentences with the proper length. Some of them stick to short sentences, which can make their writing looks choppy. Others like to write with long sentences, which can make the writing seems long-winded or wordy, even if it is not. In English language, the length of a sentence refers to how many words are there in that sentence. In almost all formulas, this number is used to estimate how much the sentence is difficult. Still, sometimes, a short sentence shows more difficulty to be read than a long one. Sometimes, longer sentences lead to facilitate comprehension, especially those that contain coordinate structures. This study discusses the basic grammatical notion of sentence, and its length from different points of view. Innumerable definitions of sentence exist and some of these are presented here to get a workable definition to this key term. A definition of sentence length is also presented. Different  treatments  of  the  so called  sentence  length  are  to  be  discussed . The various  techniques , that  have  been  devised to  deal  with  the  sentence  in  different  types  of  texts  as  to  get  better  writings,  are  accounted  for  in  this  study . These  points  are  discussed  to  reach  the  end , i.e. the conclusion  of  good  sentence  length .

Effects of Visual Angle on Perspective Reversal for Ambiguous Patterns

Perception ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Borsellino ◽  
Franco Carlini ◽  
Massimo Riani ◽  
Maria Teresa Tuccio ◽  
Angelo De Marco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Visual Angle ◽  
Necker Cube ◽  
Constant Term ◽  
Ambiguous Figure ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Reversal Time ◽  
Tentative Model ◽  
Pattern Size ◽  
The Mean

Reversal rates of an ambiguous figure (the Necker cube) were studied for different pattern sizes covering a range of visual angles θ from ∼1 to 62 deg. A large number of reversals was obtained for each observer and each pattern in order to examine the statistical distributions of reversal times. A pronounced flattening of the statistical distributions (represented throughout by a gamma distribution) and a growth of the mean duration of each percept, with increasing pattern size was found. A plateau in the range of θ between 5 and 20–30 deg was observed. For larger values of θ two kinds of observers have been identified: for ‘fast’ observers the inversion rate is little affected by θ, whilst for ‘slow’ observers, the mean reversal time increases strongly with θ. A tentative model, based on three different contributions to the duration of the alternation process, is proposed: a constant term, independent of θ, and two terms dependent on θ—a retinal term, and a cortical one. The last term is interpreted as due to the spreading of excitation with the characteristic of a filling-in process.

scholarly journals THE GREEK SOURCESOF THE GOTHIC BIBLE TRANSLATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artūras Ratkus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Correct Version ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Structural Affinity

Almost all of what we know about the structure and properties of Gothic comes from the Gothic translation of the New Testament from Greek. No analysis of Gothic syntax is therefore feasible without reference to the Greek original. This is problematic, however, as the autograph that was used in translating the Bible into Gothic does not exist, and the choice of the Greek edition of the New Testament for comparative study is a matter of debate. The article argues that, in spite of the general structural affinity of the Gothic text to the Greek, the numerous observed deviations from the Greek represent authentic properties of Gothic—it has been argued in the literature, based on such deviations, that Gothic is an SOV language. A comparison of the Gothic Bible and different versions of the Greek New Testa­ment gives a taxonomy of structural and linguistic differences. Based on this, I ar­gue that the correct version of the Greek Bible to use when analysing the structural properties of Gothic is the Byzantine text form, represented by the Majority Text of the New Testament.

Habitat Association of Klebsiella Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan T. Bagley
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Polluted Waters

AbstractThe genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations. Klebsiella is a common opportunistic pathogen for humans and other animals, as well as being resident or transient flora (particularly in the gastrointestinal tract). Other habitats include sewage, drinking water, soils, surface waters, industrial effluents, and vegetation. Until recently, almost all these Klebsiella have been identified as one species, ie, K. pneumoniae. However, phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that “K. pneumoniae” actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats. General habitat associations of Klebsiella species are as follows: K. pneumoniae—humans, animals, sewage, and polluted waters and soils; K. oxytoca—frequent association with most habitats; K. terrigena— unpolluted surface waters and soils, drinking water, and vegetation; K. planticola—sewage, polluted surface waters, soils, and vegetation; and K. ozaenae/K. rhinoscleromatis—infrequently detected (primarily with humans).

SEM Cold Stage Techniques for the Observation of Vegetative and Floral Apices of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Plants

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 590-591
Author(s):  
B. K. Kirchoff ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Collapse ◽  
Conductive Paint ◽  
Carbon Based

In attempting to use the SEM to investigate the transition from the vegetative to the floral state in oat (Avena sativa L.) it was discovered that the procedures of fixation and critical point drying (CPD), and fresh tissue examination of the specimens gave unsatisfactory results. In most cases, by using these techniques, cells of the tissue were collapsed or otherwise visibly distorted. Figure 1 shows the results of fixation with 4.5% formaldehyde-gluteraldehyde followed by CPD. Almost all cellular detail has been obscured by the resulting shrinkage distortions. The larger cracks seen on the left of the picture may be due to dissection damage, rather than CPD. The results of observation of fresh tissue are seen in Fig. 2. Although there is a substantial improvement over CPD, some cell collapse still occurs.Due to these difficulties, it was decided to experiment with cold stage techniques. The specimens to be observed were dissected out and attached to the sample stub using a carbon based conductive paint in acetone.

Electron microscopy studies of plasma-sprayed materials

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
K.R. Subramanian ◽  
A.H. King ◽  
H. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Spraying ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Metallic Substrates ◽  
Hot Plasma ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Hostile Environments ◽  
Plasma Spraying Process

Plasma spraying is a technique which is used to apply coatings to metallic substrates for a variety of purposes, including hardfacing, corrosion resistance and thermal barrier applications. Almost all of the applications of this somewhat esoteric fabrication technique involve materials in hostile environments and the integrity of the coatings is of paramount importance: the effects of process variables on such properties as adhesive strength, cohesive strength and hardness of the substrate/coating system, however, are poorly understood.Briefly, the plasma spraying process involves forming a hot plasma jet with a maximum flame temperature of approximately 20,000K and a gas velocity of about 40m/s. Into this jet the coating material is injected, in powder form, so it is heated and projected at the substrate surface. Relatively thick metallic or ceramic coatings may be speedily built up using this technique.

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