Toward designing new sensoaesthetic materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1635-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Miodownik
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Intellectual Community ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Arts Community

In ancient societies, there was no arts/science split. The development of materials was driven both by aesthetic and technological goals. At the end of the 19th century, things changed dramatically. Scientists started being able to analyze composition, detect structure, and make a link between structure and properties. The subsequent 20th-century revolution in new materials changed almost all aspects of human activity. However, it was not without serious side-effects, the first of which has been that the materials science community has willingly marginalized itself. The second is the eradication of interest in the sensual and aesthetic properties of materials, and thus the banishment of the creative urges that arrive via the senses. This paper discusses these issues, and suggests that collaboration with the materials arts community offers exciting new challenges and could create an intellectual community that is not just more culturally and ethically aware, but also nurtures more innovative science.

scholarly journals Application of Millisecond Fast Compression Technology in Materials Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changqin Xu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Phase Transition Kinetics ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Rapid Compression ◽  
Experimental Technology

The research on the effect of millisecond fast compression on the structure and properties of materials is still in its infancy, it is of great scientific significance to improve the experimental technology of rapid compression and to continuously and deeply carry out the research on the high-pressure physical properties of materials and the preparation of new materials under rapid compression. The paper introduces 4 kinds of millisecond-level rapid compression experimental techniques, briefly describes the application of rapid compression technology in materials science, including preparing amorphous materials, measuring Grüneisen parameters and W-J parameters, and studying phase transition kinetics.

Experimental charge-density analysis towards predictive materials science

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 50-71
Author(s):  
Leonardo Dos Santos ◽  
Bernardo L. Rodrigues ◽  
Camila B. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Charge Density ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Wide Applicability ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Experimental Charge Density

The ongoing increase in the number of experimental charge-density studies can be related to both the technological advancements and the wide applicability of the method. Regarding materials science, the understanding of bonding features and their relation to the physical properties of materials can not only provide means to optimize such properties, but also to predict and design new materials with the desired ones. In this tutorial, we describe the steps for a charge-density analysis, emphasizing the most relevant features and briefly discussing the applications of the method.

Preparation and Properties of NZP Family Ceramics

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Hong Zhao Xu ◽  
Yan Yan Wang ◽  
Chang Ling Zhou ◽  
Rui Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Shock Resistance ◽  
Thermal Properties Of Materials ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Zirconium Powder

The matrix of NZP family ceramics is natrium phosphate zirconium (for short, NZP) . NZP family ceramics have the designabolity of thermal expansion coefficient, and the average thermal expansion coefficient can be changed from negative value to positive value by means of composition adjustment, thus obtaining zero thermal expansion ceramics with good thermal shock resistance. With NZP family ceramics the thermal stress can be effectively reduced and the thermal properties of materials can be enhanced.Therefore, NZP family ceramics have become a hot topic in materials science community in recent years.The calcium phosphate zirconium powder was prepared by coprecipitation method, and NZP family ceramics were prepared after pressing molding and pressureless sintering. The results show that the compressive strength of the prepared NZP family ceramics is 199 MPa and the thermal expansion coefficient is-0.5×10-6/°C at sintering temperature of 1100°C.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Materials Science: An Active New Frontier in Materials Research

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 869-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Elliott ◽  
Bruno Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Pharmaceutical Materials ◽  
Apply Physical ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractThe discipline of materials science has most commonly been associated with the study of structural or functional materials for engineering applications, such as metals, ceramics, and composites, but there are now, increasingly, great opportunities involving applications to soft matter, including polymers, powders, and biomaterials. The emerging discipline of pharmaceutical materials science attempts to apply physical principles common in materials science to challenges in such areas as drug delivery, control of drug form, manufacture and processing of nanoscopic and microscopic particle systems, and the structure and properties of bulk powders and their assemblies (e.g., tablets) for use in pharmaceutical applications. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we have attempted to capture a snapshot of this rapidly developing new area of materials research, in order to bring it to the attention of the wider materials science community.

Electron holography of interfaces in electroceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1088-1089
Author(s):  
Vinayak P. Dravid ◽  
V. Ravikumar ◽  
Richard Plass
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Interference Phenomenon ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Science Community

With the advent of coherent electron sources with cold field emission guns (cFEGs), it has become possible to utilize the coherent interference phenomenon and perform “practical” electron holography. Historically, holography was envisioned to extent the resolution limit by compensating coherent aberrations. Indeed such work has been done with reasonable success in a few laboratories around the world. However, it is the ability of electron holography to map electrical and magnetic fields which has caught considerable attention of materials science community.There has been considerable theoretical work on formation of space charge on surfaces and internal interfaces. In particular, formation and nature of space charge have important implications for the performance of numerous electroceramics which derive their useful properties from electrically active grain boundaries. Bonnell and coworkers, in their elegant STM experiments provided the direct evidence for GB space charge and its sign, while Chiang et al. used the indirect but powerful technique of x-ray microchemical profiling across GBs to infer the nature of space charge.

Everything you've always wanted to know about what your students think they know but were afraid to ask.

2000 ◽  
Vol 632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Werwa
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
Museum Visitors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Formal Science ◽  
Lay Public

ABSTRACTA review of the educational literature on naive concepts about principles of chemistry and physics and surveys of science museum visitors reveal that people of all ages have robust alternative notions about the nature of atoms, matter, and bonding that persist despite formal science education experiences. Some confusion arises from the profound differences in the way that scientists and the lay public use terms such as materials, metals, liquids, models, function, matter, and bonding. Many models that eloquently articulate arrangements of atoms and molecules to informed scientists are not widely understood by lay people and may promote naive notions among the public. Shifts from one type of atomic model to another and changes in size scales are particularly confusing to learners. People's abilities to describe and understand the properties of materials are largely based on tangible experiences, and much of what students learn in school does not help them interpret their encounters with materials and phenomena in everyday life. Identification of these challenges will help educators better convey the principles of materials science and engineering to students, and will be particularly beneficial in the design of the Materials MicroWorld traveling museum exhibit.

scholarly journals The search for new materials and the role of novel processing routes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wellmann
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
European Council ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Human History ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Novel Processing

AbstractThroughout human history, most further developments or new achievements were accompanied by new materials or new processes that enabled the technologic progress. With concrete devices and applications in mind, synthesis and subsequent treatment of materials naturally went along with the progress. The aim of the underlying article is to spot the role of optimization, of discovery, of trial-and-error approaches, of fundamentals and curiosity driven design and development. In a consecutive examination, five missions addressing the challenges facing our world (identified by the European Council) will be cross linked with seven topical areas from materials science defined by the European Materials Research Society. The scope of this examination is to identify approaches and methods to further develop and innovate materials which form the basis of the anticipated solutions.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a Bioconjugate Based on Oleic Acid and L-Cysteine

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1791
Author(s):  
Marco Vizcarra-Pacheco ◽  
María Ley-Flores ◽  
Ana Mizrahim Matrecitos-Burruel ◽  
Ricardo López-Esparza ◽  
Daniel Fernández-Quiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Critical Micellar Concentration ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Self Assembled

One of the main challenges facing materials science today is the synthesis of new biodegradable and biocompatible materials capable of improving existing ones. This work focused on the synthesis of new biomaterials from the bioconjugation of oleic acid with L-cysteine using carbodiimide. The resulting reaction leads to amide bonds between the carboxylic acid of oleic acid and the primary amine of L-cysteine. The formation of the bioconjugate was corroborated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In these techniques, the development of new materials with marked differences with the precursors was confirmed. Furthermore, NMR has elucidated a surfactant structure, with a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic section. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) was used to determine the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the bioconjugate. Subsequently, light diffraction (DLS) was used to analyze the size of the resulting self-assembled structures. Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was obtained, where the shape and size of the self-assembled structures were appreciated.

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