scholarly journals Evidence against a mechanism of allelopathy in the green alga Chlorodesmis fastigiata

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Kumler
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Macroalgal Species

Allelopathic macroalgae have been shown to have significant negative effects on corals via the transfer of toxic compounds. The interaction that takes place between allelopathic macroalgae and other algae, however, has not been studied in detail. Here, the effects of the allelopathic Chlorodesmis fastigiata on other macroalgae were analyzed. These effects were first tested on complete coral and macroalgal individuals over several days, then on small samples of the macroalgal species when exposed to isolated toxins. However, neither experiment found significant negative effects on either Sargassum mangarevense or Boodlea kaeneana due to the interaction between these algae and the toxin produced by C. fastigiata. Distribution and abundance of C. fastigiata was also assessed around the island of Moorea in French Polynesia.

scholarly journals Evidence against a mechanism of allelopathy in the green alga Chlorodesmis fastigiata

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Kumler
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Macroalgal Species

Allelopathic macroalgae have been shown to have significant negative effects on corals via the transfer of toxic compounds. The interaction that takes place between allelopathic macroalgae and other algae, however, has not been studied in detail. Here, the effects of the allelopathic Chlorodesmis fastigiata on other macroalgae were analyzed. These effects were first tested on complete coral and macroalgal individuals over several days, then on small samples of the macroalgal species when exposed to isolated toxins. However, neither experiment found significant negative effects on either Sargassum mangarevense or Boodlea kaeneana due to the interaction between these algae and the toxin produced by C. fastigiata. Distribution and abundance of C. fastigiata was also assessed around the island of Moorea in French Polynesia.

scholarly journals Local versus site-level effects of algae on coral microbial communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 210035
Author(s):  
Amy A. Briggs ◽  
Anya L. Brown ◽  
Craig W. Osenberg
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Antagonistic Effects ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Macroalgal Cover ◽  
Coral Microbiome ◽  
Turf Algae

Microbes influence ecological processes, including the dynamics and health of macro-organisms and their interactions with other species. In coral reefs, microbes mediate negative effects of algae on corals when corals are in contact with algae. However, it is unknown whether these effects extend to larger spatial scales, such as at sites with high algal densities. We investigated how local algal contact and site-level macroalgal cover influenced coral microbial communities in a field study at two islands in French Polynesia, Mo'orea and Mangareva. At 5 sites at each island, we sampled prokaryotic microbial communities (microbiomes) associated with corals, macroalgae, turf algae and water, with coral samples taken from individuals that were isolated from or in contact with turf or macroalgae. Algal contact and macroalgal cover had antagonistic effects on coral microbiome alpha and beta diversity. Additionally, coral microbiomes shifted and became more similar to macroalgal microbiomes at sites with high macroalgal cover and with algal contact, although the microbial taxa that changed varied by island. Our results indicate that coral microbiomes can be affected by algae outside of the coral's immediate vicinity, and local- and site-level effects of algae can obscure each other's effects when both scales are not considered.

scholarly journals Coupling Plant Biomass Derived from Phytoremediation of Potential Toxic-Metal-Polluted Soils to Bioenergy Production and High-Value by-Products—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2982
Author(s):  
Vázquez-Núñez Edgar ◽  
Fernández-Luqueño Fabián ◽  
Peña-Castro Julián Mario ◽  
Vera-Reyes Ileana
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
By Products

Phytoremediation is an attractive strategy for cleaning soils polluted with a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic toxic compounds. Among these pollutants, heavy metals have attracted global attention due to their negative effects on human health and terrestrial ecosystems. As a result of this, numerous studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms involved in removal processes. These studies have employed many plant species that might be used for phytoremediation and the obtention of end bioproducts such as biofuels and biogas useful in combustion and heating. Phytotechnologies represent an attractive segment that is increasingly gaining attention worldwide due to their versatility, economic profitability, and environmental co-benefits such as erosion control and soil quality and functionality improvement. In this review, the process of valorizing biomass from phytoremediation is described; in addition, relevant experiments where polluted biomass is used as feedstock or bioenergy is produced via thermo- and biochemical conversion are analyzed. Besides, pretreatments of biomass to increase yields and treatments to control the transfer of metals to the environment are also mentioned. Finally, aspects related to the feasibility, benefits, risks, and gaps of converting toxic-metal-polluted biomass are discussed.

scholarly journals MACROALGAS DEL BANCO DE LAS ANIMAS Y NUEVOS REGISTROS PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Bula Meyer ◽  
Guillermo Díaz Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Herbivorous Fishes ◽  
Macroalgal Species ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Forty nine macroalgal species (7 Chlorophyta, 4 Phaeophyta and 38 Rhodophyta) are reported for the first time for the Banco de las Animas, at the southwest of Santa Marta City (Salamanca Gulf, Colombia). The collections were made between 20 and 30 m depth. The green alga Halimeda gracilis Harvey ex J. Agardh and the red ones Corynomorpha clavata (Harvey) J. Agardh, Cryptonemia sp., Acrothamnion butleriae (Collins) Kylin, Antithamnion ogdeniae Abbott, Antithamnionella breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston in Womersley and Bailey, Hypoglossum simulans Wynne, Price et Ballantine and H. subsimplex Wynne, are new records for the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Thefloristiccompositionof thebankhasasimilarityof 81 % with the one present at the same depths in the Tairona Natural National Park. Due to this characteristic and to the exuberance of certain species, the Banco de las Animas is considered a refuge, in which these plants avoid the herbivorous fishes and urchins of the shallow rock-coral reefs.

scholarly journals A Review of the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Online Prosocial Behavior Among Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoffer Lysenstøen ◽  
Tormod Bøe ◽  
Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland ◽  
Jens Christoffer Skogen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Social media (SoMe) activity constitutes a large part of the lives of adolescents. Even though the behavior on SoMe is complex, the research on SoMe has mostly focused on negative effects, bad content, and online antisocial behavior (OAB). Less research has been conducted on online prosocial behavior (OPB), and to what extent OPBs are widespread is relatively unknown. A review was conducted to investigate to what extent OPB is related to SoMe use among adolescents based on studies published from 2014 to May 2021. To be included, the studies had to be quantitative, non-experimental, have participants aged 13–18, include measures of SoMe and OPB, and be published in peer-reviewed journals with full text available in English, Swedish, Danish or Norwegian. A research was conducted in databases PsychINFO, Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, Sociological Services Abstracts, and Eric. Two studies met the eligibility criteria. Both studies found an association between OPB and SoMe use. Methodological issues, however, were identified through a quality assessment using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies, and the small samples in the studies prevent us from drawing any firm conclusions. Possible reasons for the scarcity of eligible studies and directions for future research are discussed.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO; ID CRD42020162161 and CRISTIN; ID 2038994.

scholarly journals A Rapid and Simple Bioassay Method for Herbicide Detection

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Qing Li ◽  
Alan Ng ◽  
Russell King ◽  
Dion G. Durnford
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Variable Size ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Unicellular Green Alga ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Quantitative Screening ◽  
Quantitative Bioassay ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, has been used in bioassay detection of a variety of toxic compounds such as pesticides and toxic metals, but mainly using liquid culture systems. In this study, an algal lawn–-agar system for semi-quantitative bioassay of herbicidal activities has been developed. Sixteen different herbicides belonging to 11 different categories were applied to paper disks and placed on green alga lawns in Petri dishes. Presence of herbicide activities was indicated by clearing zones around the paper disks on the lawn 2–3 days after application. The different groups of herbicides induced clearing zones of variable size that depended on the amount, mode of action, and chemical properties of the herbicides applied to the paper disks. This simple, paper-disk-algal system may be used to detect the presence of herbicides in water samples and act as a quick and inexpensive semi-quantitative screening for assessing herbicide contamination.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals and Nanoparticles: Impact on Protocorm-like Body Formation in Hybrid Cymbidium

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Teixeira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Thin Cell Layers ◽  
Cell Layers

Heavy metals (HMs) typically inhibit plant growth and development. Only HM accumulators are able to tolerate the presence of these toxic compounds. No studies exist on the response of any orchid cultures to HMs or to nano-particles. In this study, all HMs tested (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Zn) fully reduced neo-PLB growth at or greater than 100 ??. Some neo-PLB growth was observed at 10 and 50 ??, but the levels were significantly lower than the control treatments. Thin cell layers necrosed even at 50 ??, while levels of neo-PLB formation were extremely low at 10 ??. When 100 and 400 mg/l of nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 were added to 10 and 50 ?? of all HMs, in a bid to try and mitigate the negative effects of the HMs and improve neo-PLB formation, there was no improvement to neo-PLB formation. Hybrid Cymbidium is thus an extremely HM-sensitive species. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 24(1): 47-55, 2014 (June) D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v24i1.19195

UV-B radiation and selenium affected energy availability in green alga Zygnema

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Germ ◽  
Ivan Kreft ◽  
Alenka Gaberščik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Photochemical Quantum Yield ◽  
Respiratory Potential

AbstractGreen alga Zygnema was exposed to three concentrations of selenium and two levels of UV-B radiation. The combined effects of both treatments on energy availability; photochemical quantum yield and respiratory potential were studied. Our findings show that traces of selenium enhance metabolic process connected with photochemical quantum yield and mitochondrial respiration. Surprisingly, selenium does not diminish the effects of UV-B radiation; on the contrary, the combined action of UV-B radiation and traces of selenium leads to pronounced negative effects on photochemical quantum yield and the respiratory potential. Selenium is involved in the activation of energy resources in green alga Zygnema. The importance of selenium for activity of the mitochondria is possibly an evolutionary recollection from an endosymbiotic bacterium.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document