scholarly journals Candidate genes in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaves associated with rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br) stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Echeverría-Beirute ◽  
Seth C. Murray ◽  
Benoit Bertrand ◽  
Patricia E. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Host Tolerance ◽  
Related Proteins

Background. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br, is one of the most threatening diseases for Coffea arabica L. It is hypothesized that host tolerance to CLR relies on non-race-specific resistance genes. Methods. This study evaluated gene expression in leaves of two susceptible coffee cultivars (one inbred and one F1 hybrid) under different stress conditions: rust control (fungicide and untreated) and fruit thinning (thinned and un-thinned) treatments. RNA-seq analysis focused on the association of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with CLR and associated the effect of the most significant genes into the phenotype, using regression and prediction statistical models. Results. Gene expression and gene ontology (GO) analysis allowed identification of 100 genes associated with quantitative traits. From these, 88 were correlated with rust incidence, rust severity, and rust sporulation. The expression of genes coding for pathogenesis-related proteins increased positively with rust incidence in the inbred, while genes involved in homoeostasis and broader cell wall structuring processes were upregulated in the F1 hybrid. The enriched gene functions and associations revealed that a possible hypersensitive response (HR) in the inbred and a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the F1 hybrid were involved in the tolerance mechanisms to CLR stress. This is the first study to demonstrate the specific interactions between CLR and host at a molecular level, useful for identifying control targets for breeding perennial species.

scholarly journals Candidate genes in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) leaves associated with rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br) stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Echeverría-Beirute ◽  
Seth C. Murray ◽  
Benoit Bertrand ◽  
Patricia E. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Host Tolerance ◽  
Related Proteins

Background. Coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk. & Br, is one of the most threatening diseases for Coffea arabica L. It is hypothesized that host tolerance to CLR relies on non-race-specific resistance genes. Methods. This study evaluated gene expression in leaves of two susceptible coffee cultivars (one inbred and one F1 hybrid) under different stress conditions: rust control (fungicide and untreated) and fruit thinning (thinned and un-thinned) treatments. RNA-seq analysis focused on the association of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with CLR and associated the effect of the most significant genes into the phenotype, using regression and prediction statistical models. Results. Gene expression and gene ontology (GO) analysis allowed identification of 100 genes associated with quantitative traits. From these, 88 were correlated with rust incidence, rust severity, and rust sporulation. The expression of genes coding for pathogenesis-related proteins increased positively with rust incidence in the inbred, while genes involved in homoeostasis and broader cell wall structuring processes were upregulated in the F1 hybrid. The enriched gene functions and associations revealed that a possible hypersensitive response (HR) in the inbred and a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in the F1 hybrid were involved in the tolerance mechanisms to CLR stress. This is the first study to demonstrate the specific interactions between CLR and host at a molecular level, useful for identifying control targets for breeding perennial species.

scholarly journals Induce the plant resistance to pathogen infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ezzat ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule which is required for induce SAR and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to contribute to resistance. SA paly vital role in some related resistance gene expression in plant cell which have direct or indirect effect on pathogen growth as SA has direct toxicity for pathogen and in the same time has stimulation effect for some enzyme related to reduce the oxidative burst.

scholarly journals Transcription Factors as the “Blitzkrieg” of Plant Defense: A Pragmatic View of Nitric Oxide’s Role in Gene Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Noreen Falak ◽  
Qari Muhammad Imran ◽  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Byung-Wook Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Plants are in continuous conflict with the environmental constraints and their sessile nature demands a fine-tuned, well-designed defense mechanism that can cope with a multitude of biotic and abiotic assaults. Therefore, plants have developed innate immunity, R-gene-mediated resistance, and systemic acquired resistance to ensure their survival. Transcription factors (TFs) are among the most important genetic components for the regulation of gene expression and several other biological processes. They bind to specific sequences in the DNA called transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) that are present in the regulatory regions of genes. Depending on the environmental conditions, TFs can either enhance or suppress transcriptional processes. In the last couple of decades, nitric oxide (NO) emerged as a crucial molecule for signaling and regulating biological processes. Here, we have overviewed the plant defense system, the role of TFs in mediating the defense response, and that how NO can manipulate transcriptional changes including direct post-translational modifications of TFs. We also propose that NO might regulate gene expression by regulating the recruitment of RNA polymerase during transcription.

Induction of gene expression for systemic acquired resistance in tobacco by 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (KODA)

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-830
Author(s):  
Jyun-ichi Endo ◽  
Wataru Takahashi ◽  
Mineyuki Yokoyama ◽  
Osamu Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Lemna Paucicostata

Endo, J., Takahashi, W., Yokoyama, M. and Tanaka, O. 2013. Induction of gene expression for systemic acquired resistance in tobacco by 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12( Z ),15( Z )-octadecadienoic acid (KODA). Can. Plant Sci. 93: 827–830. The reaction of 9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z),15(Z)-octadecadienoic acid (KODA) with (–)-norepinephrine (NE) generates the flowering inducer FN1 of duckweed Lemna paucicostata, although KODA and NE themselves do not promote flowering. We examined the effects of FN1, KODA, and NE on the induction of gene expression for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves and found that KODA induces the expression of SAR related genes.

scholarly journals Maternal Nematode Infection Upregulates Expression of Th2/Treg and Diapedesis Related Genes In The Neonatal Brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal El Ahdab ◽  
Manjurul Haque ◽  
Kristine G. Koski ◽  
Marilyn E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Neonatal Brain ◽  
Brain Gene Expression ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Endothelial Migration ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Intestinal nematode infections common during pregnancy have recently been shown to have impacts that extend to their uninfected offspring including altered brain gene expression. If maternal immune signals reach the neonatal brain, they might alter neuroimmune development. We explored expression of genes associated with four distinct types of T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg) and with leukocyte trans-endothelial migration and endocytosis transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the postnatal brain of offspring of nematode-infected mice, through secondary analysis of a whole brain gene expression database. Th1/Th17 expression was lowered by maternal infection as evidenced by down-regulated expression of IL-1β, Th1 receptors and related proteins, and of IL22 and several Th17 genes associated immunopathology. In contrast, Th2/Treg related pathways were upregulated as shown by higher expression of IL-4 and TGF-β family genes. Maternal infection also upregulated expression of pathways and integrin genes involved in transport of leukocytes in between endothelial cells but downregulated endosome vesicle formation related genes that are necessary for endocytosis of immunoglobulins across the BBB. Taken together, pup brain gene expression indicates that maternal nematode infection enhanced movement of leukocytes across the neonatal BBB and promoted a Th2/Treg environment that presumably minimizes the proinflammatory Th1 response in the pup brain.

scholarly journals Mycovirus-Induced Hypervirulence of Leptosphaeria biglobosa Enhances Systemic Acquired Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Shah ◽  
Ioly Kotta-Loizou ◽  
Bruce D. L. Fitt ◽  
Robert H. A. Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Phoma stem canker (blackleg) is one of the most important diseases of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) worldwide and is caused by a complex that comprises at least two species: Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa. Screening a panel of field Leptosphaeria isolates from B. napus for the presence of mycoviruses revealed the presence of a novel double-stranded RNA quadrivirus in L. biglobosa and no viruses in L. maculans. Following elimination of the mycovirus, virus-infected and virus-free isogenic lines of L. biglobosa were created. A direct comparison of the growth and virulence of these isogenic lines illustrated that virus infection caused hypervirulence and resulted in induced systemic resistance toward L. maculans in B. napus following lower leaf preinoculation with the virus-infected isolate. Analysis of the plant transcriptome suggests that the presence of the virus leads to subtle alterations in metabolism and plant defenses. For instance, transcripts involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism are enriched in plants treated with the virus-infected isolate, while pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases and WRKY transcription factors are differentially expressed. These results illustrate the potential for deliberate inoculation of plants with hypervirulent L. biglobosa to decrease the severity of Phoma stem canker later in the growing season. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

Genetic analysis of partial resistance to coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br.) introgressed into the cultivated Coffea arabica L. from the diploid C. canephora species

Euphytica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Herrera P. ◽  
Gabriel Alvarado A. ◽  
Hernando A. Cortina G. ◽  
Marie-Christine Combes ◽  
Gladys Romero G. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Differential responses of Coffea arabica L. leaves and roots to chemically induced systemic acquired resistance

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Nardi ◽  
René Dreos ◽  
Lorenzo Del Terra ◽  
Chiara Martellossi ◽  
Elisa Asquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Coffea arabica is susceptible to several pests and diseases, some of which affect the leaves and roots. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the main defence mechanism activated in plants in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report the effects of benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-s-methyl ester (BTH), a SAR chemical inducer, on the expression profile of C. arabica. Two cDNA libraries were constructed from the mRNA isolated from leaves and embryonic roots to create 1587 nonredundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We developed a cDNA microarray containing 1506 ESTs from the leaves and embryonic roots, and 48 NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat) gene fragments derived from 2 specific genomic libraries. Competitive hybridization between untreated and BTH-treated leaves resulted in 55 genes that were significantly overexpressed and 16 genes that were significantly underexpressed. In the roots, 37 and 42 genes were over and underexpressed, respectively. A general shift in metabolism from housekeeping to defence occurred in the leaves and roots after BTH treatment. We observed a systemic increase in pathogenesis-related protein synthesis, in the oxidative burst, and in the cell wall strengthening processes. Moreover, responses in the roots and leaves varied significantly.

scholarly journals Induced Resistance Responses in Maize

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shericca W. Morris ◽  
Bernard Vernooij ◽  
Somkiat Titatarn ◽  
Mark Starrett ◽  
Steve Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Chemical Inducers ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
And Function

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a widely distributed plant defense system that confers broad-spectrum disease resistance and is accompanied by coordinate expression of the so-called SAR genes. This type of resistance and SAR gene expression can be mimicked with chemical inducers of resistance. Here, we report that chemical inducers of resistance are active in maize. Chemical induction increases resistance to downy mildew and activates expression of the maize PR-1 and PR-5 genes. These genes are also coordinately activated by pathogen infection and function as indicators of the defense reaction. Specifically, after pathogen infection, the PR-1 and PR-5 genes are induced more rapidly and more strongly in an incompatible than in a compatible interaction. In addition, we show that monocot lesion mimic plants also express these defense-related genes and that they have increased levels of salicylic acid after lesions develop, similar to pathogen-infected maize plants. The existence of chemically inducible disease resistance and PR-1 and PR-5 gene expression in maize indicates that maize is similar to dicots in many aspects of induced resistance. This reinforces the notion of an ancient plant-inducible defense pathway against pathogen attack that is shared between monocots and dicots.

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