6. World Economic Development during the Second World War

1945 ◽  
pp. 57-75
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Second World

scholarly journals Historyczne podziały Europy a społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania postaw kulturowych wobec bankowości w Polsce

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Lech Kurkliński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

This paper is devoted to the presentation of the significance of the historicaldivisions in Europe for the formation of the socio-economic conditions for thedevelopment of the banking sector in Poland. The paper presents four main divisionsrelated to the functioning of the Roman Empire and Barbaricum, Latin andByzantine Europe, the dualism of the economic development of Europe fromthe sixteenth century and the creation of the capitalist and socialist blocks afterthe Second World War, and their relations to the position of Poland. Historicaloverview is juxtaposed with the current shape of the Polish banking sector, andespecially the dominance of banks controlled by foreign capital. This confrontationis primarily intended to indicate the importance of cultural factors for thedevelopment of the banking sector.

scholarly journals Changing Work Patterns of the Skolt Sámi

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Panu Itkonen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
World War ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article explores changing work patterns in the Skolt Sámi reindeer herding community of Sevettijärvi, northern Finland. As a result of the Second World War, Finland lost the original home territory of the Skolt Sámi to the Soviet Union. The Skolt Sámi of the old Suenjel village moved to the Sevettijärvi area in Finland. In this article I present major changes in three areas of this group’s work patterns: 1) combinations of livelihood; 2) forms of cooperation and reciprocity; 3) social constructions of work situations. The main causes of cultural change in the rein-deer herding community have been the mechanisation of reindeer herding and the centralisation of reindeer ownership. In anthropological studies, traditional forms of behaviour have at times been seen as obstacles to economic development. My argument is different: traditional forms of culture – in this case forms of reciprocity – can increase possibilities for economic development. The research data shows that the centralisation of reindeer ownership has decreased the possibilities for economic development in additional forms of livelihood among Skolt Sámi reindeer herders. The number of herders has decreased and the entrepreneurial collaboration is arranged so that there is less and less traditional reciprocity between separate households.

G77+CHINA AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Samuel Oloruntoba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Global North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Second World ◽  
Governance Architecture

 The global governance of trade remains a very contentious issue between the global North and South. Despite the dominant notion that international trade can facilitate economic development, there are concerns that the global North, represented by Euro-American countries have to a certain extent, set the global trade rules in a way that favours their socio-economic development at the expense of the majority of the countries in the global South. The upstart advantage that Europe had in technological advancement provided an impetus for exploration and subsequent conquest of distant lands and peoples. These were done through interrelated events such as the slave trade, imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism. The global economic governance architecture that followed the Second World War in forms of rules that governed conduct of trade, finance and investment, was tilted in favour of the advanced countries. It was in the context of resistance to this unequal global economic structure that the G 77+China was formed in June 1964. This article interrogates the role, successes and limitations of this group of countries in shaping the global governance of trade.

Features of the Development of Vocational Education and Science in Japan after the Second World War

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
A. Baryshnikov ◽  
Sergey Shishov
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Japanese Education ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Educational Achievements ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Second World

Russian vocational education is a subject to deep modernization, in connection with this, it is necessary to consider the best practices in reforming the global educational space, identify innovative national policy priorities, rationally defining the educational reform strategy based on in-depth studies of domestic and world economic forecasting. The article discusses the features of the history of Japanese vocational education after the Second World War, the uniqueness of scientific and educational achievements. The paper indicates the main trends in the modernization of education in the 21st century, considers the likelihood of transferring the experience of Japanese education to the Russian system while preserving the national historical and cultural traditions.

Progress in the Theory of Economic Progress

1957 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Scitovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Business Fluctuations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Second World

The problem of economic development was among the main preoccupations of the classical economists; and Karl Marx, Max Weber, and their followers continued to be interested in it. The Anglo-Saxon economists and their followers, however, during the century preceding the Second World War, all but forgot about economic development—perhaps because they took it for granted. The growth of most of the advanced economies was impressive enough to be taken for granted; as for the underdeveloped areas, next to nothing was known about their rates of growth, although economists (at least in the advanced countries) seem to have supposed that the magnitude of capital exports to these areas gave them a chance to develop even faster than, and ultimately to catch up with, the more highly developed Western economies. Only England's development received some attention and mild doubts were occasionally raised as to whether her rate of economic growth was as fast as it could and should have been. From the turn of the century onward, blue books and white papers appeared, uneasily comparing British with German and American industrial production, questioning the wisdom of exporting quite so much capital, stressing the need for more aggressive export drives—but next to nothing was done about all this. For one thing, the philosophy of laisser faire still ruled supreme; for another, business fluctuations obscured and rendered difficult a true assessment of the situation; for a third, Britain's continued political supremacy may have lulled concern over the deterioration of her relative economic position. The problem of development came to the forefront of economic discussion only with the Second World War, as a result of two important changes. In the West, political power shifted across the Atlantic; in the East, Russia's war record established her both as an important center of political attraction and as a shining example of the success of planned industrialization and development.

The Czechoslovak national tragedy of the 1938 year

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Mirzoeva ◽  
Elena Kh. Apazheva ◽  
Natalya S. Lavrova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Third Party ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
World War ◽  
International Treaty ◽  
Second World

The article deals with the problem of the internal situation in Czechoslovakia, its political and economic development in the specified period. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of Czechoslovakia aimed at preventing the division of the country. The leadership of Czechoslovakia entered into international treaties, strengthened the state’s defenses, and modernized the army. The article also touches upon the international relations of Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy on the further fate of Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 30s. XX century. The leadership of Czechoslovakia and its president Edvard Beneš felt the threat looming over the country from Germany, so they took certain steps to preserve the integrity of the Czechoslovak republic. The reform of the army began in the country, it was modernized, equipped with new equipment, weapons, aviation. A new line of fortifications was built along the borders. The diplomatic department of Czechoslovakia was also not idle. Consultations were constantly held with the USSR, Great Britain, France and Germany on the issue of preserving the country’s sovereignty, international treaties were concluded on assistance in the event of an attack by a third party. But, despite all these efforts, at the end of September 1938, Czechoslovakia was divided by force, the Sudetenland was torn away from it, fascist troops were brought into the country, and the leaders of the state were leaders of the fascist party. All these changes were enshrined in an international treaty - the Munich Agreement. Germany, Italy, France and Great Britain took part in its signing. Representatives of the Czechoslovak Republic were not even invited to the conference. The Czechoslovak side was familiarized with the terms of the agreement only after their adoption. Czechoslovakia could not in any way influence the decisions of Hitler, Mussolini, Deladier and Chamberlain. As a result, throughout the Second World War, Czechoslovakia existed as two separate parts: the Protecto-rate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic.

Asian Economic Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prema-chandra Athukorala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Second World

Motivated by both the growing economic significance of Asia in the global economy and the pivotal role played by Asia-focused research in the enrichment of the subject of development economics, the author has provided a timely and valuable review that provides a comprehensive picture of policy making and economic performance of these countries over the entire post-Second World War era.

scholarly journals LAND USE, INTERNAL MOBILITY AND EXTERNAL IMMIGRATION IN ITALY

10.26458/1832 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Giuseppe CELI ◽  
Domenico VITI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Internal Mobility ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Second World

After the Second World War, the economic development ofItalyhas profoundly changed the use of land. The paper investigates economic and regulatory implications of land withdrawal inItalyand the nexus with internal and foreign migration. The dualistic character of Italian economic development induced, especially in the 1950s and 1960s, huge migration flows from southern regions to the North, with strong repercussions in terms of abandonment of farmland and urban congestion. In recent times, in the light of increasing pressures from globalization, a revival of internal migration flows from the South to the North has occurred inItaly, but with different characteristics and implications with respect to the past. The interaction between internal mobility and foreign immigration (a new phenomenon forItaly, traditionally an emigration country) entails possible economic contra-indications but also new opportunities for rural development.

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