Running and the Brain: Neurogenesis

Sport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Schulkin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Neuronal Growth ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Brain Expansion ◽  
The Brain

Begins with some of the conditions that set the stage for the act of running, and then look at neurogenesis, brain expansion, and longer-term consequences of running within a context of specific morphological features and diverse information molecules that participate in our capacity for running and sport. Running itself promotes cell proliferation in the hippocampus, in part through the induction of endorphins or diverse neuronal growth factors. Running and neurogenesis are linked to forms of basic adaptation; running easily transitioned from joint coordination to play, and eventually to sport.

scholarly journals Peptides Derived from Growth Factors to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6071
Author(s):  
Suzanne Gascon ◽  
Jessica Jann ◽  
Chloé Langlois-Blais ◽  
Mélanie Plourde ◽  
Christine Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuron losses in memory-related brain structures. The classical features of AD are a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, current treatments are unable to cure or even delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF and BDNF) that are deficient or dysregulated in AD. However, their low capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier and their exorbitant cost currently limit their use. To overcome these limitations, short peptides mimicking the binding receptor sites of these growth factors have been developed. Such peptides can target selective signaling pathways involved in neuron survival, differentiation, and/or maintenance. This review focuses on growth factors and their derived peptides as potential treatment for AD. It describes (1) the physiological functions of growth factors in the brain, their neuronal signaling pathways, and alteration in AD; (2) the strategies to develop peptides derived from growth factor and their capacity to mimic the role of native proteins; and (3) new advancements and potential in using these molecules as therapeutic treatments for AD, as well as their limitations.

scholarly journals Post-Stroke Social Isolation Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus and Alters miRNA Profiles in the Aged Female Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Aleah Holmes ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Juneyoung Lee ◽  
Michael E. Maniskas ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Brain

Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for stroke. Elderly women are more likely to be isolated. Census data shows that in homeowners over the age of 65, women are much more likely to live alone. However, the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of isolation have not been well studied in older females. In this study, we hypothesized that isolation impairs post-stroke recovery in aged female mice, leading to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain, including those previously shown to be involved in response to social isolation (SI). Aged C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to either single housing (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke for 15 days. SI immediately after stroke led to significantly more brain tissue loss after stroke and higher mortality. Furthermore, SI significantly delayed motor and sensory recovery and worsened cognitive function, compared to PH. A decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the dentate gyrus of SI mice assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. miRNAome data analysis revealed changes in several miRNAs in the brain, such as miR-297a-3p and miR-200c-3p, which are known to regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that SI can lead to a poor post-stroke recovery in aged females and dysregulation of miRNAs and reduced hippocampal cell proliferation.

Beta cell proliferation and growth factors

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Høiriis Nielsen ◽  
C. Svensson ◽  
Elisabeth Douglas Galsgaard ◽  
Annette Møldrup ◽  
Nils Billestrup
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Proliferation

Role of Growth Factors in the Control of Leukemic Cell Proliferation

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Chabannon ◽  
Patrice Mannoni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Leukemic Cell

Neuronal growth factors: lessons from nonneural tissues

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Spray ◽  
Paolo Meda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Neuronal Growth

scholarly journals Correction: The Brain Microvascular Endothelium Supports T Cell Proliferation and Has Potential for Alloantigen Presentation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Wheway ◽  
Stephanie Obeid ◽  
Pierre-Olivier Couraud ◽  
Valery Combes ◽  
Georges E. R. Grau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Proliferation ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
The Brain

Steroid-induced cell proliferation in vivo is associated with increased c-myc proto-oncogene transcript abundance

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
S.A. Rempel ◽  
R.N. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Chicken Oviduct ◽  
Massive Cell ◽  
In Cells

Enhanced c-myc transcript abundance has been observed in a variety of human malignancies, in normal liver tissue induced to proliferate in vivo by partial hepatectomy and in cells in culture induced to proliferate with the addition of protein hormones and growth factors. Little is known, however, about the expression of cellular proto-oncogenes in cells induced to proliferate in vivo by steroid hormones. Experiments reported here indicate that when cells of the immature chicken oviduct are induced to undergo rapid in vivo proliferation by application of the estrogen hormone 17 beta-estradiol, the onset of this proliferation is associated with a rapid, large, and transient increase in c-myc transcript abundance. When estrogen is administered to chickens in which the oviduct has already differentiated, neither massive cell proliferation nor large increases in c-myc transcript abundance are induced. We conclude that the abundance of c-myc transcripts in vivo correlates well with the degree of cell proliferation induced by steroid hormone.

Mesozoic mammals and early mammalian brain diversity

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Gilissen ◽  
Thierry Smith
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
Ear Ossicles ◽  
Mesozoic Mammals ◽  
Brain Expansion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Fossil remains witness the relationship between the appearance of the middle ear and the expansion of the brain in early mammals. Nevertheless, the lack of detachment of ear ossicles in the mammaliaform Morganucodon, despite brain enlargement, points to other factors that triggered brain expansion in early mammals. Moreover, brain expansion in some early mammalian groups seems to have favored brain regions other than the cortex.

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