scholarly journals “THE TIMES, THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’”: Reflections on the Evolution of Research and Policy in Large-Scale Writing Assessments

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Doug Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Writing Assessments ◽  
The Times ◽  
Research And Policy

The Croonian Lecture, 1970 The structural basis of muscular contraction

1971 ◽  
Vol 178 (1051) ◽  
pp. 131-149 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
New Era ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biology I ◽  
The Times ◽  
Polypeptide Chains

A previous occasion on which the Croonian lecture was directly concerned with the mechanism of muscular contraction was in 1945, when it was delivered by Professor W. T. Astbury. On that occasion he commented that it was a sign of the times that a physicist should be asked to give the Croonian lecture, and went on to say, and I quote: ‘We are at the dawn of a new era, the era of “molecular biology”, as I like to call it, and there is an urgency about the need for more intensive application of physics and chemistry, and specially structural analysis, to biological problems.’ These were very prophetic words, and, as a physicist just entering biology, I was much interested to read them, and to learn about his experiments. The basic experimental finding which Astbury reported (1947) was that there did not seem to be any important change in the wide angle X-ray diagram from muscle upon contraction; hence it followed that muscles did not contract by any process which simply involved the large-scale disorientation of originally well-ordered polypeptide chains, nor by an alteration in chain configuration in the well-ordered parts of the structure. Astbury suggested instead that there might be ‘specifically active foci’ which one could perhaps paraphrase as ‘larger structural units’ (i.e. larger than individual polypeptide chains) concerned in contraction, which might be studied in the electron microscope or by low angle X-ray diffraction.

scholarly journals 1736-1740-s: new vector of St. Petersburg development

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
E. G. Molotkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
New Space ◽  
The Times ◽  
Process Strategy ◽  
Economic Foundations

The article considers the functional zoning of the territory of the Admiralteisky Island in St. Petersburg, which had been formed by the beginning of the 1730-s. The evolution of the living environment of sailors and shipyard workers, which was located on both banks of the Moyka River in St. Petersburg, is considered, and the indicators of the urban development compaction taking place during the indicated period are highlighted. The circumstances of the alteration of the urbanization process strategy, which manifested itself in the second half of the 1730-s, are considered. The author emphasizes the fundamental difference between the concept of the times of Peter the Great and the new trend, when artistic and emotional criteria acquired a decisive importance. There are revealed social and economic foundations of forming the system of urban morphotypes. This system has become a tool for the reconstruction of the existing residential area and a means of rational development of new space. The land use system (regulation of the size of parcels) and the alteration in the transport and planning frame (changing of the street route) are proposed to be considered the key tools for the large-scale de-compaction of inhabited districts. The high rates of urban planning transformations of this time and their radical nature are emphasized. A cluster approach to the use of territorial resources and the formation of buildings on the outskirts of the city (late 1730-s - early 1740-s) is noted. A similarity with the modern practice of locating isolated residential complexes in remote areas is shown. It is recommended to take into account the experience of integrating clusters into the urban environment that started to be practiced in the second half of the XVIII century.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of localization and suppression of thermal decomposition of forest combustible materials using specialized water supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Antonov ◽  
Geniy Kuznetsov ◽  
Alena Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Mutual Arrangement ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Times ◽  
Forest Combustible ◽  
Combustible Materials

The danger of forest fires and their large-scale consequences are becoming ever more complex problems for mankind every year. The results of numerical studies of heat transfer processes under suppressing the thermal decomposition reaction of forest combustible materials by films and groups of water droplets are presented. We used forest combustible materials, typical for the Siberian region. We have established the relationship between the dimensions of the heated near-surface layer of the material and the thickness of the film layer of the liquid that evaporated when the thermal decomposition reaction was suppressed in forest combustible materials. Typical times of suppression of the thermal decomposition reaction of typical forest combustible materials are given when the water film on the surface evaporates. The influence of the mutual arrangement of droplets on the surface of the forest combustible material and the temperature of the outer vapor-gas mixture on the times of suppression of its pyrolysis is revealed. The results can be used to develop technologies for extinguishing fires, containment of flame sources and combustion front.

Fitting hidden semi-Markov models to breakpoint rainfall data

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (A) ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sansom ◽  
Peter Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
The Em Algorithm ◽  
Semi Markov Process ◽  
The Times ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Disjoint Domains

The paper proposes a hidden semi-Markov model for breakpoint rainfall data that consist of both the times at which rain-rate changes and the steady rates between such changes. The model builds on and extends the seminal work of Ferguson (1980) on variable duration models for speech. For the rainfall data the observations are modelled as mixtures of log-normal distributions within unobserved states where the states evolve in time according to a semi-Markov process. For the latter, parametric forms need to be specified for the state transition probabilities and dwell-time distributions.Recursions for constructing the likelihood are developed and the EM algorithm used to fit the parameters of the model. The choice of dwell-time distribution is discussed with a mixture of distributions over disjoint domains providing a flexible alternative. The methods are also extended to deal with censored data. An application of the model to a large-scale bivariate dataset of breakpoint rainfall measurements at Wellington, New Zealand, is discussed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the importance of space in entrepreneurship research and policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 697-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Korsgaard ◽  
Richard A Hunt ◽  
David M Townsend ◽  
Mads Bruun Ingstrup
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research And Policy

Given the COVID-19 crisis, the importance of space in the global economic system has emerged as critical in a hitherto unprecedented way. Even as large-scale, globally operating digital platform enterprises find new ways to thrive in the midst of a crisis, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) nestled in local economies have proven to be fragile to shocks, causing countless local economies to unravel in the face of severe challenges to survival. Here, we discuss the role of entrepreneurship in re-building local economies that are more resilient. Specifically, we take a spatial perspective and highlight how the COVID-19 crisis has uncovered problems in the current tendency for thin contextualisation and promotion of globalisation. Based on this critique, we outline new perspectives for thinking about the relationship between entrepreneurship, resilience and local economies. Here, a particular emphasis is given to resilience building through deeply contextualised policies and research, localised flows of products and labour, and the diversification of local economies.

scholarly journals Aligning the times: Exploring the convergence of researchers, policy makers and research evidence in higher education policy making

2020 ◽  
pp. 003452372092067
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Scott Fernie ◽  
Nick Pilcher
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Higher Education Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Times ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Research And Policy

The complexity of contemporary higher education policy making and the multitude of evidences and actors in policy networks mean that relationships between higher education researchers, policy makers and research evidence are not straightforward. In this article, we use a theoretical lens of time, Adams’ Timescapes, to explore this relationship and better understand why the research and policy worlds are frequently described as divided. Drawing on in-depth interviews with higher education researchers, policy makers and research funders, we show how research and policy have different interpretations of time. We discuss the Timeframes, or lengths, of work and career, the Temporality, or complexity, of ‘evidence’, of networks and relationships, and the importance of elements such as Timing, or synchronisation, and Tempo, or pace. We conclude that policy makers and higher education researchers may be better able to make sense of the problematic nature of aligning their concerns, interests and actions through understanding different Timescapes.

Fitting hidden semi-Markov models to breakpoint rainfall data

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (A) ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sansom ◽  
Peter Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
The Em Algorithm ◽  
Semi Markov Process ◽  
The Times ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Disjoint Domains

The paper proposes a hidden semi-Markov model for breakpoint rainfall data that consist of both the times at which rain-rate changes and the steady rates between such changes. The model builds on and extends the seminal work of Ferguson (1980) on variable duration models for speech. For the rainfall data the observations are modelled as mixtures of log-normal distributions within unobserved states where the states evolve in time according to a semi-Markov process. For the latter, parametric forms need to be specified for the state transition probabilities and dwell-time distributions. Recursions for constructing the likelihood are developed and the EM algorithm used to fit the parameters of the model. The choice of dwell-time distribution is discussed with a mixture of distributions over disjoint domains providing a flexible alternative. The methods are also extended to deal with censored data. An application of the model to a large-scale bivariate dataset of breakpoint rainfall measurements at Wellington, New Zealand, is discussed.

Population Dynamics of the Australian Plague Locust, Chortoicetes Terminifera (Walker) in Central Western New South Wales Iii. Analysis of Population Processes.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Population Processes ◽  
The Times ◽  
Australian Plague Locust

An analysis of population processes in the Australian plague locust showed that the key factor determining local population fluctuations was net migration. The density-disturbing effects of migration were over-compensated by the delayed effects of natural enemies on immature survival. There was no evidence that the amplitude of fluctuations was controlled at any stage by density-dependent processes, even at the highest densities encountered. Gregarization, although density-dependent and leading to daytime emigration: rarely stabilized population peaks because swarming populations remained relatively static. Densities never reached the carrying capacity of the habitats, even locally, because of the frequency of emigration at night. Local population extinctions due to emigration and low productivity were compensated by eventual immigration at night in favourable weather. In neither situation was the size of night migration shown to be density-dependent, although a spurious effect was detected. Variations in natality and survival had little influence on local population trends but, when synchronized over large areas by unusually favourable weather, influenced the course of large-scale fluctuations. Regional populations were more stable than local ones, due to spatial and temporal differences in reproductive success in a heterogeneous environment, and to peripheral emigration losses. Variations in the synoptic circulation and rainfall at the times of migration and reproduction cause stochastic processes to exert a major control of regional population fluctuations in the Australian plague locust.

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