The Impact of the Spectral Band Number and Width on the Oil Pollution Diagnostics on Earth Surface by Laser Fluorescence Method

AbstractOil leak from vehicles is one of the most common pollution types of the road. The spilled oil could be retained on the surface and spread in the air voids of the road, which results in a decrease in the friction coefficient of the road, affects driving safety, and causes damage to pavement materials over time. Photocatalytic degradation through nano-TiO2 is a safe, long-lasting, and sustainable technology among the many methods for treating oil contamination on road surfaces. In this study, the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of road surface oil pollution was evaluated through the lab experiment. First, a glass dish was used as a substrate to determine the basic working condition of the test; then, a test method considering the impact of different oil erosion degrees was proposed to eliminate the effect of oil erosion on asphalt pavement and leakage on cement pavement, which led to the development of a lab test method for the nano-TiO2 photocatalytic degradation effect of oil pollution on different road surfaces.

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A model sensitivity study of the impact of clouds on satellite detection and retrieval of volcanic ash

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques ◽

10.5194/amt-8-1935-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1935-1949 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Kylling ◽

N. Kristiansen ◽

A. Stohl ◽

R. Buras-Schnell ◽

C. Emde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiative Transfer ◽

Liquid Water ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Spectral Band ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Transfer Model ◽

Mass Loading ◽

Ice Clouds ◽

Medium Range Weather Forecast ◽

The Impact

Abstract. Volcanic ash is commonly observed by infrared detectors on board Earth-orbiting satellites. In the presence of ice and/or liquid-water clouds, the detected volcanic ash signature may be altered. In this paper the sensitivity of detection and retrieval of volcanic ash to the presence of ice and liquid-water clouds was quantified by simulating synthetic equivalents to satellite infrared images with a 3-D radiative transfer model. The sensitivity study was made for the two recent eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (2010) and Grímsvötn (2011) using realistic water and ice clouds and volcanic ash clouds. The water and ice clouds were taken from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) analysis data and the volcanic ash cloud fields from simulations by the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The radiative transfer simulations were made both with and without ice and liquid-water clouds for the geometry and channels of the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI). The synthetic SEVIRI images were used as input to standard reverse absorption ash detection and retrieval methods. Ice and liquid-water clouds were on average found to reduce the number of detected ash-affected pixels by 6–12%. However, the effect was highly variable and for individual scenes up to 40% of pixels with mass loading >0.2 g m−2 could not be detected due to the presence of water and ice clouds. For coincident pixels, i.e. pixels where ash was both present in the FLEXPART (hereafter referred to as "Flexpart") simulation and detected by the algorithm, the presence of clouds overall increased the retrieved mean mass loading for the Eyjafjallajökull (2010) eruption by about 13%, while for the Grímsvötn (2011) eruption ash-mass loadings the effect was a 4% decrease of the retrieved ash-mass loading. However, larger differences were seen between scenes (standard deviations of ±30 and ±20% for Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn, respectively) and even larger ones within scenes. The impact of ice and liquid-water clouds on the detection and retrieval of volcanic ash, implies that to fully appreciate the location and amount of ash, hyperspectral and spectral band measurements by satellite instruments should be combined with ash dispersion modelling.

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COSMO–SkyMed Synthetic Aperture Radar Data to Observe the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

10.20944/preprints201805.0442.v2 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ferdinando Nunziata ◽

Andrea Buono ◽

Maurizio Migliaccio

Keyword(s):

Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Deepwater Horizon ◽

Synthetic Aperture ◽

Synthetic Aperture Radar Data ◽

Pollution Event ◽

The Impact ◽

Csk Constellation ◽

Aperture Radar

Oil spills are adverse events that may be very harmful to ecosystems and food chain. In particular, large sea oil spills are very dramatic occurrence often affecting sea and coastal areas. Therefore the sustainability of oil rig infrastructures and oil transportation via oil tankers are linked to law enforcement based on proper monitoring techniques which are also fundamental to mitigate the impact of such pollution. Within this context, in this study a meaningful showcase is analyzed using remotely sensed measurements collected by the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) operated by the COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) constellation. The showcase presented refers to the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil incident that occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. It is one of the world's largest incidental oil pollution event that affected a sea area larger than 10,000 km2. In this study we exploit, for the first time, dual co-polarization SAR data collected by the Italian CSK X-band SAR constellation showing the key benefits of HH-VV SAR measurements in observing such a huge oil pollution event, especially in terms of the very dense revisit time offered by the CSK constellation.

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Numerical analyses of water media with laser fluorescence method

2011 11th International Conference on Laser and Fiber-Optical Networks Modeling (LFNM) ◽

10.1109/lfnm.2011.6145016 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

N.Kh. Gomidze ◽

K.A. Makharadze ◽

I.N. Jabnidze

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Method ◽

Laser Fluorescence ◽

Numerical Analyses ◽

Water Media

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Variations of UV irradiance at Antarctic station Concordia during the springs of 2008 and 2009

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102011000228 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 389-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vito Vitale ◽

Boyan Petkov ◽

Florence Goutail ◽

Christian Lanconelli ◽

Angelo Lupi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Band ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Uv Irradiance ◽

Solar Uv ◽

Solar Uv Irradiance ◽

Atmospheric Transmittance ◽

The Impact ◽

Ozone Column

AbstractThe features of solar UV irradiance measured at the Italian-French Antarctic Plateau station, Concordia, during the springs of 2008 and 2009 are presented and discussed. In order to study the impact of the large springtime variations in total ozone column on the fraction of ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiance (fromc.290–315 nm) reaching the Earth surface, irradiance datasets corresponding to fixed solar zenith angles (SZAs = 65°, 75° and 85°) are correlated to the daily ozone column provided by different instruments. For these SZAs the radiation amplification factor varied from 1.58–1.94 at 306 nm and from 0.68–0.88 at 314 nm. The ultraviolet index reached a maximum level of 8 in the summer, corresponding to the typical average summer value for mid latitude sites. The solar irradiance pertaining to the ultraviolet A (UV-A, 315–400 nm) spectral band was found to depend closely on variations of atmospheric transmittance characteristics as reported by previous studies. Model simulations of UV-B irradiance showed a good agreement with field measurements at 65° and 75° SZAs. For SZA = 85° the ozone vertical distribution significantly impacted model estimations. Sensitivity analysis performed by hypothetically varying the ozone distribution revealed some features of the ozone profiles that occurred in the period studied here.

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Laser Fluorescence Method for Detection of 129I and 127I Isotopes of Molecular Iodine with the Use of Kr Laser Radiation (647.1 nm)

Optics and Spectroscopy ◽

10.1134/1.1771416 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 842-849 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. V. Kireev ◽

S. L. Shnyrev

Keyword(s):

Laser Radiation ◽

Molecular Iodine ◽

Fluorescence Method ◽

Laser Fluorescence

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OIL POLLUTION STUDIES ON LAKE MARACAIBO. VENEZUELA

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1975-1-489 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 1975 (1) ◽

pp. 489-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W.L. Templeton ◽

E.A. Sutton ◽

R.M. Bean ◽

R.C. Arnett ◽

J.W. Blaylock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Lake Water ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Surface Films ◽

Fishery Resources ◽

Lake Maracaibo ◽

Commercial Species ◽

Potential Impact ◽

High Concentrations ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT The results of a 2-year study on the impact of oil discharges on the fishery resources of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, are presented. The lake system is described, together with relevant water quality, hydrographic, ecological, and fishery resources data. Sources of other types of pollution, domestic and industrial, are described, and their potential impact on the system are discussed. Analysis of environmental samples-water, sediments, and biota-showed low concentrations of oil in lake water and no detectable accumulation of petroleum-derived hydrocarbons in muscle tissue of selected commercial species. The occurrence of bituminous materials in the sediments, particularly in the oil production area, suggests that the natural processes of volatilization, biodegradation, and sedimentation are the major mechanisms for the removal of oil from the surface waters. Laboratory studies on the toxicity of oil indicate that relatively high concentrations of oil are required to cause mortality. Extraction of oil with lake water, however, indicated that concentrations of total light aromatic fractions were toxic in the parts per million range. The rapid loss, in a few hours, of light hydrocarbons from surface films of oil to the atmosphere was shown to reduce the toxicity to organisms significantly. Examination of the limited fisheries data available does not suggest that the resources are being depleted. However, consideration of the potential impact of nonpetroleum wastes indicates that they are contributing to the degradation of the water quality which, if unchecked, may subsequently reduce the biological resources of the lake.

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EFFECTS OF OIL POLLUTION ON INDUSTRIAL WATER INTAKES1

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-473 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 (1) ◽

pp. 473-478

Author(s):

J. A. Nichols ◽

H. D. Parker

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Oil Pollution ◽

Industrial Plant ◽

Industrial Plants ◽

Power Stations ◽

Different Types ◽

Flash Distillation ◽

Desalination Plants ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Oil spills in coastal waters sometimes give rise to concerns that oil may become entrained in the seawater intakes of power stations, desalination units, and other industrial plants. This paper reviews the findings of an investigation, undertaken by the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation and Sir M. MacDonald & Partners, on the effects of oil pollution on water-cooled electricity-generating stations and desalination plants using multistage flash distillation and reverse osmosis. The various components that could be contaminated by oil are described and, using case studies wherever possible, the effects on equipment, heat transfer surfaces, and potable water are discussed. Finally considered are various methods of minimizing the impact of oil and financial implications of oil contamination for the different types of industrial plant.

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