The chemokine CXCL13 in lung cancers associated with environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution

More than 90% of lung cancers are caused by cigarette smoke and air pollution, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as key carcinogens. In Xuanwei City of Yunnan Province, the lung cancer incidence is among the highest in China, attributed to smoky coal combustion-generated PAH pollution. Here, we screened for abnormal inflammatory factors in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) from Xuanwei and control regions (CR) where smoky coal was not used, and found that a chemokine CXCL13 was overexpressed in 63/70 (90%) of Xuanwei NSCLCs and 44/71 (62%) of smoker and 27/60 (45%) of non-smoker CR patients. CXCL13 overexpression was associated with the region Xuanwei and cigarette smoke. The key carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced CXCL13 production in lung epithelial cells and in mice prior to development of detectable lung cancer. Deficiency in Cxcl13 or its receptor, Cxcr5, significantly attenuated BaP-induced lung cancer in mice, demonstrating CXCL13’s critical role in PAH-induced lung carcinogenesis.

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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke

Environment and Pollution ◽

10.5539/ep.v5n2p15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Haruki Shimazu

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Experimental Room ◽

Total Pahs ◽

Suspended Particulate ◽

Before And After ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

The Relationship

The present study examines the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarettes and sidestream cigarette smoke. Nine PAHs were determined in sidestream cigarette smokes for five types of cigarettes. The volume of the experimental room is approximately 66 m3. The air samples in the room were collected before and after smoking. The total PAH concentrations were approximately 1.0 ng/m3 before smoking, but the median concentration and the range of PAHs were 29.1 ng/m3 and from 7.62 to 57.6 ng/m3 after smoking. The relationship between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and total PAHs after smoking is significant and proportional. This may indicate that the SPM formation is associated with PAH formation during smoking. Furthermore, nine PAHs were determined in the cigarettes. Median PAH contents in the five brands of cigarettes ranged from 221 to 936 ng per cigarette before smoking and from 66.9 to 266 ng per cigarette after smoking. Mean PAH emissions from cigarettes while smoking ranged from 257 to 1490 ng per cigarette. The results show that PAHs in the cigarettes, and those generated during smoking, were emitted into the air.

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The Composition of Cigarette Smoke. An Historical Perspective of Several Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research ◽

10.2478/cttr-2013-0873 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 384-410 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Rodgman ◽

LC Cook

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Melting Point ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Individual Component ◽

Complex Mixtures ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

The Individual ◽

Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

AbstractBecause of the significant advancements in fractionation, analytical, and characterization technologies since the early 1960s, hundreds of components of complex mixtures have been accurately characterized without the necessity of actually isolating the individual component. This has been particularly true in the case of the complex mixtures tobacco and tobacco smoke. Herein, an historical account of a mid-1950 situation concerning polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smoke is presented. While the number of PAHs identified in tobacco smoke has escalated from the initial PAH, azulene, identified in 1947 to almost 100 PAHs identified by late 1963 to more than 500 PAHs identified by the late 1970s, the number of PAHs isolated individually and characterized by several of the so-called classical chemical means (melting point, mixture melting point, derivative preparation and properties) in the mid-1950s and since is relatively few, 14 in all. They were among 44 PAHs identified in cigarette mainstream smoke and included the following PAHs ranging from bicyclic to pentacyclic: Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydroacenaphthylene, anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, dibenz[a, h]anthracene, fluoranthene, 9H-fluorene, naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. One of them, benzo[a]pyrene, was similarly characterized in another study in 1959 by Hoffmann.

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