Decision letter: Habitat and social factors shape individual decisions and emergent group structure during baboon collective movement

For group-living animals traveling through heterogeneous landscapes, collective movement can be influenced by both habitat structure and social interactions. Yet research in collective behavior has largely neglected habitat influences on movement. Here we integrate simultaneous, high-resolution, tracking of wild baboons within a troop with a 3-dimensional reconstruction of their habitat to identify key drivers of baboon movement. A previously unexplored social influence – baboons’ preference for locations that other troop members have recently traversed – is the most important predictor of individual movement decisions. Habitat is shown to influence movement over multiple spatial scales, from long-range attraction and repulsion from the troop’s sleeping site, to relatively local influences including road-following and a short-range avoidance of dense vegetation. Scaling to the collective level reveals a clear association between habitat features and the emergent structure of the group, highlighting the importance of habitat heterogeneity in shaping group coordination.

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Development of Relationship to Sport: Sport Biographies of German Women

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal ◽

10.1123/wspaj.7.1.151 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 151-169

Author(s):

Gertrud Pfister

Keyword(s):

Social Factors ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Health It ◽

Female Population ◽

Sport Commitment ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Different Types ◽

Individual Decisions ◽

And Gender

In Germany there is a huge discrepancy between positive attitudes toward physical activity and actual practice of sport. According to representative studies more than 80% of the population is convinced that for various reasons, especially those of health, it is very important to take up a sport (Kaschuba, 1989). However, only 21% of the male and no more than 14% of the female population (older than 14) were reported to practice a sport at least once a week (Opaschowski, 1995).This article focuses on the question of how a relationship to sport develops in the course of the lives of girls and women. The empirical data derives from a project on “Sport in the Lives of Women” in which women active in football (soccer), gymnastics/aerobics and tennis were interviewed about their biographies and their experience with physical activities. The theoretical background is based on approaches towards life course and biography, gender and gender relations, and socialization. Typical patterns of sport involvement in the different stages of life, e.g. the important role of the parents in early childhood and the importance of peers at school were found.,.In addition, different types of sport commitment could be identified. Certain patterns, for example, were dependent on the combination of the simultaneous practice of different types of sport and the alternation between practice and non-practice of sport. In this way it was possible to distinguish between all-round sportswomen and women who practice sport for reasons of health. In general, sport biographies develop through the close interaction of social factors and individual decisions.

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An Empirical Study on the Financial Preparation for Retirement of the Independent Workers for Profit in Poland

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks9090160 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Teresa Bednarczyk ◽

Ilona Skibińska-Fabrowska ◽

Anna Szymańska

Keyword(s):

Social Factors ◽

Personal Responsibility ◽

Subjective Assessment ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

State Institutions ◽

For Profit ◽

Financial Preparation ◽

Pension Saving ◽

Individual Decisions

Modern pension schemes are based on the delegation of responsibility for pension provision from state institutions to individuals, which implies voluntary retirement saving. Workers for profit (independent workers in household market enterprises) hold much greater personal responsibility for financing their pensions than workers for pay. The main aim of this study was to provide an empirical identification of economic and social factors that would determine the propensity toward long-term saving for pensions by independent, for-profit workers in Poland. Additionally, the study recognizes the level of saving accumulated by them as well as preferred forms in which this saving is made.In order to select determinants of pension saving, a logistic regression model was used. The data come from the direct survey conducted in 2020 by CAWI method (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) on a random nationwide sample of Poles. The analysis of the data also used other methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics. The conducted research showed that the respondents’ individual decisions concerning saving for retirement are affected by such factors as gender, age, family situation, amount of revenue, share of revenue from business activity in total revenue, and subjective assessment of the respondents’ financial situation. The respondents declared holding various, though not high, savings. Moreover, it turned out that independent workers for profit in Poland opt for non-conventional forms of gathering pension savings.

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Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.2.59 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Antoon A. Leenaars ◽

David Lester

Keyword(s):

Social Factors ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Association ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Marriage Rates ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

The Social ◽

Divorce Rates ◽

Low Levels ◽

Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

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Illness Perception and Its Changes During Six Months After Cardiac Rehabilitation

European Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1027/2512-8442/a000034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 90-100

Author(s):

Justė Lukoševičiūtė ◽

Kastytis Šmigelskas

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Social Factors ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Heart Association ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cognitive Representations ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Type D ◽

New York Heart Association

Abstract. Illness perception is a concept that reflects patients' emotional and cognitive representations of disease. This study assessed the illness perception change during 6 months in 195 patients (33% women and 67% men) with acute coronary syndrome, taking into account the biological, psychological, and social factors. At baseline, more threatening illness perception was observed in women, persons aged 65 years or more, with poorer functional capacity (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV) and comorbidities ( p < .05). Type D personality was the only independent factor related to more threatening illness perception (βs = 0.207, p = .006). At follow-up it was found that only self-reported cardiovascular impairment plays the role in illness perception change (βs = 0.544, p < .001): patients without impairment reported decreasing threats of illness, while the ones with it had a similar perception of threat like at baseline. Other biological, psychological, and social factors were partly associated with illness perception after an acute cardiac event but not with perception change after 6 months.

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