scholarly journals Extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics in movement intermittency

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damar Susilaradeya ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Thomas M Hall ◽  
Ferran Galán ◽  
Kai Alter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Optimal Feedback Control ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Continuous Feedback ◽  
Motor Neuroscience ◽  
Tracking Movements ◽  
Delta Oscillations ◽  
Sensorimotor Feedback

What determines how we move in the world? Motor neuroscience often focusses either on intrinsic rhythmical properties of motor circuits or extrinsic sensorimotor feedback loops. Here we show that the interplay of both intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics is required to explain the intermittency observed in continuous tracking movements. Using spatiotemporal perturbations in humans, we demonstrate that apparently discrete submovements made 2–3 times per second reflect constructive interference between motor errors and continuous feedback corrections that are filtered by intrinsic circuitry in the motor system. Local field potentials in monkey motor cortex revealed characteristic signatures of a Kalman filter, giving rise to both low-frequency cortical cycles during movement, and delta oscillations during sleep. We interpret these results within the framework of optimal feedback control, and suggest that the intrinsic rhythmicity of motor cortical networks reflects an internal model of external dynamics, which is used for state estimation during feedback-guided movement.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).

scholarly journals Extrinsic and Intrinsic Dynamics in Movement Intermittency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damar Susilaradeya ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Thomas M Hall ◽  
Ferran Galán ◽  
Kai Alter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Optimal Feedback Control ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Constructive Interference ◽  
Motor Circuits ◽  
Continuous Feedback ◽  
Motor Neuroscience ◽  
Tracking Movements ◽  
Delta Oscillations ◽  
Sensorimotor Feedback

AbstractWhat determines how we move in the world? Motor neuroscience often focusses either on intrinsic rhythmical properties of motor circuits or extrinsic sensorimotor feedback loops. Here we show that the interplay of both intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics is required to explain the intermittency observed in continuous tracking movements. Using spatiotemporal perturbations in humans, we demonstrate that apparently discrete submovements made 2-3 times per second reflect constructive interference between motor errors and continuous feedback corrections that are filtered by intrinsic circuitry in the motor system. Local field potentials in monkey motor cortex revealed characteristic signatures of a Kalman filter giving rise to both low-frequency cortical cycles during movement, and delta oscillations during sleep. We interpret these results within the framework of optimal feedback control, and suggest that the intrinsic rhythmicity of motor cortical networks reflects an internal model of external dynamics which is used for state estimation during feedback-guided movement.

scholarly journals A Simulation on Relation between Power Distribution of Low-Frequency Field Potentials and Conducting Direction of Rhythm Generator Flowing through 3D Asymmetrical Brain Tissue

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Hao Cheng ◽  
Manling Ge ◽  
Abdelkader Nasreddine Belkacem ◽  
Xiaoxuan Fu ◽  
Chong Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
Equivalent Dipole ◽  
Head Surface ◽  
Brain Rhythm ◽  
Deep Brain

Although the power of low-frequency oscillatory field potentials (FP) has been extensively applied previously, few studies have investigated the influence of conducting direction of deep-brain rhythm generator on the power distribution of low-frequency oscillatory FPs on the head surface. To address this issue, a simulation was designed based on the principle of electroencephalogram (EEG) generation of equivalent dipole current in deep brain, where a single oscillatory dipole current represented the rhythm generator, the dipole moment for the rhythm generator’s conducting direction (which was orthogonal and rotating every 30 degrees and at pointing to or parallel to the frontal lobe surface) and the (an)isotropic conduction medium for the 3D (a)symmetrical brain tissue. Both the power above average (significant power value, SP value) and its space (SP area) of low-frequency oscillatory FPs were employed to respectively evaluate the strength and the space of the influence. The computation was conducted using the finite element method (FEM) and Hilbert transform. The finding was that either the SP value or the SP area could be reduced or extended, depending on the conducting direction of deep-brain rhythm generator flowing in the (an)isotropic medium, suggesting that the 3D (a)symmetrical brain tissue could decay or strengthen the spatial spread of a rhythm generator conducting in a different direction.

The Role of Low-frequency Neural Oscillations in Speech Processing: Revisiting Delta Entrainment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1205-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Boucher ◽  
Annie C. Gilbert ◽  
Boutheina Jemel
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Phase Coherence ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Temporal Grouping ◽  
Delta Oscillations

Studies that use measures of cerebro-acoustic coherence have shown that theta oscillations (3–10 Hz) entrain to syllable-size modulations in the energy envelope of speech. This entrainment creates sensory windows in processing acoustic cues. Recent reports submit that delta oscillations (<3 Hz) can be entrained by nonsensory content units like phrases and serve to process meaning—though such views face fundamental problems. Other studies suggest that delta underlies a sensory chunking linked to the processing of sequential attributes of speech sounds. This chunking associated with the “focus of attention” is commonly manifested by the temporal grouping of items in sequence recall. Similar grouping in speech may entrain delta. We investigate this view by examining how low-frequency oscillations entrain to three types of stimuli (tones, nonsense syllables, and utterances) having similar timing, pitch, and energy contours. Entrainment was indexed by “intertrial phase coherence” in the EEGs of 18 listeners. The results show that theta oscillations at central sites entrain to syllable-size elements in speech and tones. However, delta oscillations at frontotemporal sites specifically entrain to temporal groups in both meaningful utterances and meaningless syllables, which indicates that delta may support but does not directly bear on a processing of content. The findings overall suggest that, although theta entrainment relates to a processing of acoustic attributes, delta entrainment links to a sensory chunking that relates to a processing of properties of articulated sounds. The results also show that measures of intertrial phase coherence can be better suited than cerebro-acoustic coherence in revealing delta entrainment.

147 Responsive Neurostimulation for Impulsivity: Evidence from a Mouse Model of Binge-eating Behavior

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (CN_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 235-235
Author(s):  
Hemmings Wu ◽  
Kai Joshua Miller ◽  
Zack Blumenfeld ◽  
Nolan Williams ◽  
Vinod Karthik Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Reward ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Interaction Test ◽  
Delta Oscillations ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
Deep Brain

Abstract INTRODUCTION Impulsivity is one of the most pervasive and disabling features common to many brain disorders. Heightened responsivity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) during anticipation of rewarding stimuli predisposes to impulsivity. Electrophysiological correlates have been reported during brief windows of anticipation, which have potential to inform a novel therapeutic to deliver a time-sensitive intervention. But no available neuromodulaion therapy is capable of sensing and therapeutically responding to this vulnerable moment. The objectives of our research are: to identify biomarkers of anticipation of highly-reinforcing food reward in mouse NAc, to use these biomarkers to guide responsive neurostimulation (RNS) to suppress binge-like behavior, and to examine the effect of RNS on other behaviors, such as social interaction. METHODS Multielectrode arrays were implanted into the mouse NAc, and were put on a limited high-fat (HF) exposure protocol known to induce binge-like behavior. Power spectral density analyses of NAc local field potentials (LFPs) before HF intake were performed to identify electrophysiological biomarkers. Identical analyses were performed before house chow intake. RNS was triggered whenever potential biomarkers appeared, and reduction in HF intake induced by RNS was examined. RNS was applied during juvenile interaction test to assess behavioral specificity. RESULTS >Increased delta oscillations were observed immediately prior to HF intake after mice developed binge-like behavior, which was not detected immediately prior to chow intake. RNS utilizing delta power as biomarker significantly reduced HF intake. RNS showed no significant effect on juvenile interaction, while continuous deep brain stimulation (DBS) significantly reduced it. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that NAc LFPs carry critical information relevant to reward anticipation, and have the potential to be used as an electrographic biomarker to guide RNS for neuropsychiatric disorders exhibiting impulsivity. Compared to continuous DBS, RNS has the advantage of targeting specific psychiatric symptom while potentially sparing other behaviors.

scholarly journals Elevated synaptic vesicle release probability in synaptophysin/gyrin family quadruple knockouts

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathan K Raja ◽  
Julia Preobraschenski ◽  
Sergio Del Olmo-Cabrera ◽  
Rebeca Martinez-Turrillas ◽  
Reinhard Jahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Editorial Note ◽  
Vesicle Membrane ◽  
Readily Releasable Pool ◽  
Chemical Synapses ◽  
Biological Computation ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle Release

Synaptophysins 1 and 2 and synaptogyrins 1 and 3 constitute a major family of synaptic vesicle membrane proteins. Unlike other widely expressed synaptic vesicle proteins such as vSNAREs and synaptotagmins, the primary function has not been resolved. Here, we report robust elevation in the probability of release of readily releasable vesicles with both high and low release probabilities at a variety of synapse types from knockout mice missing all four family members. Neither the number of readily releasable vesicles, nor the timing of recruitment to the readily releasable pool was affected. The results suggest that family members serve as negative regulators of neurotransmission, acting directly at the level of exocytosis to dampen connection strength selectively when presynaptic action potentials fire at low frequency. The widespread expression suggests that chemical synapses may play a frequency filtering role in biological computation that is more elemental than presently envisioned.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).

Dopamine Receptors Influence Internally Generated Oscillations during Rule Processing in Primate Prefrontal Cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Ott ◽  
Stephanie Westendorff ◽  
Andreas Nieder
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Sensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Distinct Frequency ◽  
Sensory Evoked

Neural oscillations in distinct frequency bands in the prefrontal cortex (pFC) are associated with specialized roles during cognitive control. How dopamine modulates oscillations to structure pFC functions remains unknown. We trained macaques to switch between two numerical rules and recorded local field potentials from pFC while applying dopamine receptor targeting drugs using microiontophoresis. We show that the D1 and D2 family receptors (D1Rs and D2Rs, respectively) specifically altered internally generated prefrontal oscillations, whereas sensory-evoked potentials remained unchanged. Blocking D1Rs or stimulating D2Rs increased low-frequency theta and alpha oscillations known to be involved in learning and memory. In contrast, only D1R inhibition enhanced high-frequency beta oscillations, whereas only D2R stimulation increased gamma oscillations linked to top–down and bottom–up attentional processing. These findings suggest that dopamine alters neural oscillations relevant for executive functioning through dissociable actions at the receptor level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document