scholarly journals Transitioning between preparatory and precisely sequenced neuronal activity in production of a skilled behavior

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi K Daliparthi ◽  
Ryosuke O Tachibana ◽  
Brenton G Cooper ◽  
Richard HR Hahnloser ◽  
Satoshi Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Neural Sequences ◽  
The Brain

Precise neural sequences are associated with the production of well-learned skilled behaviors. Yet, how neural sequences arise in the brain remains unclear. In songbirds, premotor projection neurons in the cortical song nucleus HVC are necessary for producing learned song and exhibit precise sequential activity during singing. Using cell-type specific calcium imaging we identify populations of HVC premotor neurons associated with the beginning and ending of singing-related neural sequences. We characterize neurons that bookend singing-related sequences and neuronal populations that transition from sparse preparatory activity prior to song to precise neural sequences during singing. Recordings from downstream premotor neurons or the respiratory system suggest that pre-song activity may be involved in motor preparation to sing. These findings reveal population mechanisms associated with moving from non-vocal to vocal behavioral states and suggest that precise neural sequences begin and end as part of orchestrated activity across functionally diverse populations of cortical premotor neurons.

scholarly journals Transitioning between preparatory and precisely sequenced neuronal activity in production of a skilled behavior

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi K. Daliparthi ◽  
Ryosuke O. Tachibana ◽  
Brenton G. Cooper ◽  
Richard H.R. Hahnloser ◽  
Satoshi Kojima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Premotor Neurons ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Functionally Diverse ◽  
Neural Sequences ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACTPrecise neural sequences are associated with the production of well-learned skilled behaviors. Yet, how neural sequences arise in the brain remains unclear. In songbirds, premotor projection neurons in the cortical song nucleus HVC are necessary for producing learned song and exhibit precise sequential activity during singing. Using cell-type specific calcium imaging we identify populations of HVC premotor neurons associated with the beginning and ending of singing-related neural sequences. We discovered neurons that bookend singing-related sequences and neuronal populations that transition from sparse preparatory activity prior to song to precise neural sequences during singing. Recordings from downstream premotor neurons or the respiratory system suggest that pre-song activity may be involved in motor preparation to sing. These findings reveal population mechanisms associated with moving from non-vocal to vocal behavioral states and suggest that precise neural sequences begin and end as part of orchestrated activity across functionally diverse populations of cortical premotor neurons.

Sport practice changes the brain: A study on motor preparation in top-level shooters

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Spinelli ◽  
Teresa Aprile Francesco Di Russo ◽  
Sabrina Pitzalis
Keyword(s):  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Sport Practice ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houri Hintiryan ◽  
Ian Bowman ◽  
David L. Johnson ◽  
Laura Korobkova ◽  
Muye Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Connectivity Map ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Unique Domain

AbstractThe basolateral amygdalar complex (BLA) is implicated in behaviors ranging from fear acquisition to addiction. Optogenetic methods have enabled the association of circuit-specific functions to uniquely connected BLA cell types. Thus, a systematic and detailed connectivity profile of BLA projection neurons to inform granular, cell type-specific interrogations is warranted. Here, we apply machine-learning based computational and informatics analysis techniques to the results of circuit-tracing experiments to create a foundational, comprehensive BLA connectivity map. The analyses identify three distinct domains within the anterior BLA (BLAa) that house target-specific projection neurons with distinguishable morphological features. We identify brain-wide targets of projection neurons in the three BLAa domains, as well as in the posterior BLA, ventral BLA, posterior basomedial, and lateral amygdalar nuclei. Inputs to each nucleus also are identified via retrograde tracing. The data suggests that connectionally unique, domain-specific BLAa neurons are associated with distinct behavior networks.

scholarly journals Veto and Vacillation: A Neural Precursor of the Decision to Withhold Action

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erman Misirlisoy ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Action Sequences ◽  
Readiness Potentials ◽  
Preparatory Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Motor Areas

The capacity to inhibit a planned action gives human behavior its characteristic flexibility. How this mechanism operates and what factors influence a decision to act or not act remain relatively unexplored. We used EEG readiness potentials (RPs) to examine preparatory activity before each action of an ongoing sequence, in which one action was occasionally omitted. We compared RPs between sequences in which omissions were instructed by a rule (e.g., “omit every fourth action”) and sequences in which the participant themselves freely decided which action to omit. RP amplitude was reduced for actions that immediately preceded a voluntary omission but not a rule-based omission. We also used the regular temporal pattern of the action sequences to explore brain processes linked to omitting an action by time-locking EEG averages to the inferred time when an action would have occurred had it not been omitted. When omissions were instructed by a rule, there was a negative-going trend in the EEG, recalling the rising ramp of an RP. No such component was found for voluntary omissions. The results are consistent with a model in which spontaneously fluctuating activity in motor areas of the brain could bias “free” decisions to act or not.

Mesencephalic GABA neuronal development: no more on the other side of oblivion

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyan Li ◽  
Sampada Joshee ◽  
Anju Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

AbstractMidbrain GABA neurons, endowed with multiple morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics as well as projection patterns are key players interacting with diverse regions of the brain and capable of modulating several aspects of behavior. The diversity of these GABA neuronal populations based on their location and function in the dorsal, medial or ventral midbrain has challenged efforts to rapidly uncover their developmental regulation. Here we review recent developments that are beginning to illuminate transcriptional control of GABA neurons in the embryonic midbrain (mesencephalon) and discuss its implications for understanding and treatment of neurological and psychiatric illnesses.

Differential Involvement of Projection Neurons During Emergence of Spontaneous Activity in the Developing Avian Hindbrain

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Mochida ◽  
Gilles Fortin ◽  
Jean Champagnat ◽  
Joel C. Glover
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Projection Neuron ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Charge Coupled Device ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Differential Involvement ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Calcium Green

To better characterize the emergence of spontaneous neuronal activity in the developing hindbrain, spontaneous activity was recorded optically from defined projection neuron populations in isolated preparations of the brain stem of the chicken embryo. Ipsilaterally projecting reticulospinal (RS) neurons and several groups of vestibuloocular (VO) neurons were labeled retrogradely with Calcium Green-1 dextran amine and spontaneous calcium transients were recorded using a charge-coupled-device camera mounted on a fluorescence microscope. Simultaneous extracellular recordings were made from one of the trigeminal motor nerves (nV) to register the occurrence of spontaneous synchronous bursts of activity. Two types of spontaneous activity were observed: synchronous events (SEs), which occurred in register with spontaneous bursts in nV once every few minutes and were tetrodotoxin (TTX) dependent, and asynchronous events (AEs), which occurred in the intervals between SEs and were TTX resistant. AEs occurred developmentally before SEs and were in general smaller and more variable in amplitude than SEs. SEs appeared at the same stage as nV bursts early on embryonic day 4, first in RS neurons and then in VO neurons. All RS neurons participated equally in SEs from the outset, whereas different subpopulations of VO neurons participated differentially, both in terms of the proportion of neurons that exhibited SEs, the fidelity with which the SEs in individual neurons followed the nV bursts, and the developmental stage at which SEs appeared and matured. The results show that spontaneous activity is expressed heterogeneously among hindbrain projection neuron populations, suggesting its differential involvement in the formation of different functional neuronal circuits.

scholarly journals Identification of cell-type-specific promoters within the brain using lentiviral vectors

Gene Therapy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Chhatwal ◽  
S E Hammack ◽  
A M Jasnow ◽  
D G Rainnie ◽  
K J Ressler
Keyword(s):  
Lentiviral Vectors ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Widespread inhibition, antagonism, and synergy in mouse olfactory sensory neurons in vivo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenori Inagaki ◽  
Ryo Iwata ◽  
Masakazu Iwamoto ◽  
Takeshi Imai
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Odor Mixtures ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARYSensory information is selectively or non-selectively inhibited and enhanced in the brain, but it remains unclear whether this occurs commonly at the peripheral stage. Here, we performed two-photon calcium imaging of mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in vivo and found that odors produce not only excitatory but also inhibitory responses at their axon terminals. The inhibitory responses remained in mutant mice, in which all possible sources of presynaptic lateral inhibition were eliminated. Direct imaging of the olfactory epithelium revealed widespread inhibitory responses at OSN somata. The inhibition was in part due to inverse agonism toward the odorant receptor. We also found that responses to odor mixtures are often suppressed or enhanced in OSNs: Antagonism was dominant at higher odor concentrations, whereas synergy was more prominent at lower odor concentrations. Thus, odor responses are extensively tuned by inhibition, antagonism, and synergy, at the early peripheral stage, contributing to robust odor representations.

scholarly journals Periaqueductal efferents to dopamine and GABA neurons of the VTA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels R. Ntamati ◽  
Meaghan Creed ◽  
Christian Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Ventral Tegmental Area ◽  
Periaqueductal Gray ◽  
Retrograde Tracing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Gaba Neurons ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cell Type Specific

AbstractNeurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) modulate threat responses and nociception. Activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) on the other hand can cause reinforcement and aversion. While in many situations these behaviors are related, the anatomical substrate of a crosstalk between the PAG and VTA remains poorly understood. Here we describe the anatomical and electrophysiological organization of the VTA-projecting PAG neurons. Using rabies-based, cell type-specific retrograde tracing, we observed that PAG to VTA projection neurons are evenly distributed along the rostro-caudal axis of the PAG, but concentrated in its posterior and ventrolateral segments. Optogenetic projection targeting demonstrated that the PAG-to-VTA pathway is predominantly excitatory and targets similar proportions of Ih-expressing VTA DA and GABA neurons. Taken together, these results set the framework for functional analysis of the interplay between PAG and VTA in the regulation of reward and aversion.

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