scholarly journals Therapeutic Outcome of Self-Control and Social Interaction Interventions on Negative Body Image among in-school Adolescents with Low Health literacy in Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Ndidi Mercy Ofole ◽  
Pauline Clare Nkem Ohakwe
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Low Health Literacy ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Senior Secondary

Low health literacy is found to be consistently associated with negative body image. This study examined the effectivenessof Self-Control Therapy (SCT) and Social Interaction Skills Training (SIST) in managing negative body image among senior secondary school students with low health literacy in Southwest Nigeria. The design is pretest-post-test, control group quasi-experimental while the factorial matrix adopted was 3×2×3. Through multi-stage sampling, three Catholic Senior Secondary Schools in Southwest Nigeria were selected. Ninety (90) students, (Males=34, Females= 56) with age range of 14 years to 16 years were randomly selected and assigned to treatment conditions. The experimental groups were exposed to ten Sessions of treatments while the control group served as a comparison group. Body Self-Image Questionnaire-Short Form (BSIQ-SF) (α=0.83), Health Literacy Scale(α=0.88), and Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (α=0.81) were used for data collection while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni test were used for data analysis. Results showed a significant main effect of the treatments on the negative body image of the adolescents (F (2, 90) = 1602.50; partial η2=0.98). Participants in SCT had the least adjusted post-test mean score (34.07), followed by SIST (35.23) and control (66.13) groups. Sex of the participants had no significant interaction effect on the treatment outcome. Participants with high self-esteem had a better reduction in managing negative body image (44.27) than those with moderate self-esteem (44.51) and low self-esteem (47.30). A two-way interaction effect of treatments and self-esteem was found. This result provides support for the use of SCT and SIST to manage negative body image of senior secondary school students. These two therapies are therefore, recommended to stakeholders as viable therapies for the treatment of negative body image.

scholarly journals Higher Impulse Electromyostimulation Contributes to Psychological Satisfaction and Physical Development in Healthy Men

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Kangho Kim ◽  
Denny Eun ◽  
Yong-Seok Jee
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Muscle Groups

Background and Objectives: This study investigated the various impulse effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on psychophysiological responses and adaptations. Materials and Methods: The participants included fifty-four men between 20 and 27 years of age who practiced isometric exercises for 20 min, three days a week, for 12 weeks while wearing WB-EMS suits, which enabled the simultaneous activation of eight muscle groups with three types of impulse intensities. Participants were allocated to one of four groups: control group (CON), low-impulse-intensity group (LIG), mid-impulse-intensity group (MIG), and high-impulse-intensity group (HIG). Psychophysiological conditions were measured at week 0, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Results: Compared with the CON, (1) three psychological conditions in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed positive tendencies every four weeks, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test revealed that body image (p = 0.004), body shape (p = 0.007), and self-esteem (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. (2) Body weight, fat mass, body mass index, and percent fat in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed a noticeable decrease, which revealed that there were significant differences among the groups. Specifically, a higher impulse intensity resulted in a greater increase in muscle mass. (3) Although there was no interaction effect in the abdominal visceral fat area, there were significant interactions in the abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) and total fat (ATF) areas. Both the ASF and ATF in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in other groups showed a noticeable decrease. The ANCOVA revealed that the ASF (p = 0.002) and ATF (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. In particular, the higher the impulse intensity, the greater the decrease in abdominal fat. Conclusions: This study confirmed that high-impulse-intensity EMS can improve psychophysiological conditions. In other words, healthy young adults felt that the extent to which their body image, body shape, and self-esteem improved depended on how intense their EMS impulse intensities were. The results also showed that higher levels of impulse intensity led to improved physical conditions.

scholarly journals Spiritual-Based Psychoeducation Increase of the Level Resilience of Youth Victims of Bullying

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Betie Febriana ◽  
Dwi Heppy Rochmawati ◽  
Abdurrohim Abdurrohim ◽  
Mohammad Farhan
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

In general, bullying has negative effects on victims, including increased anxiety, decreased self-esteem, self-distrust and depression. These things will affect to the concentration of student learning which ultimately leads to decrease learning achievement and more risk of suicide in adolescents. Therefore, developing the resilience of youth victims of bullying is needed to provide therapeutic coping to avoid these adverse effects.  This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Spiritual-based psychoeducation therapy on the Level of Resilience of Youth Victims of Bullying. This is quasy experimental pre-post test research with total sampling. The sample is high school students who have experienced bullying in the past month, are physically healthy, and have no disabilities. The sample of this study was 50 and has been divided into two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group. This research used questionnaire’s ability of resilience in adolescents by Gail M wagnild and Heather M. Young. The results showed a significant effect of psychoeducation spiritual therapy on the level of adolescent resilience (p-value is 0.000 by Kolmogorov Smirnov). Schools need to consider this therapy as a choice to be applied to student victims of bullying. 

PP266-MON: Self-Esteem, Body Image and BMI among High School Students of Constantine (ALGERIA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S228
Author(s):  
W. Adjali-Hassani ◽  
H. Rouag ◽  
A. Benabdelmalek ◽  
C.-C. Mekhancha-Dahel ◽  
D.-E. Mekhancha
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Image ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Students

scholarly journals Morphological Instructional Packages as Determinants of Inferring Word Meanings in Reading Comprehension among Secondary School Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Julius Olaitan Akinwumi ◽  
Olagundoye Christanah Olubunmi
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
English Language ◽  
Academic Ability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
And Control ◽  
Senior Secondary

This study investigated the effects of morphological instructional packages as determinants of inferring word meanings in reading comprehension among secondary school students in Ekiti State. The study adopted pre-test, post-test and control quasi-experimental research using two experimental groups and one control group with a sample of 270 Senior Secondary II students selected from nine public senior secondary schools using multi-stage sampling procedure, stratified random sampling and purposive sampling. The selected schools were assigned into three major groups, with each group made up of three schools of 30 students per school (two experimental groups and one control group). Three instruments were adapted, validated and used for data collection for the study namely: Morphological Production Task on Students’ Academic Ability (r = 0.74), Morphological Analysis Task of Students’ Academic Ability (r = 0.83) and Achievement Test in Comprehension (0.75). Data collected were analysed using Mean, Standard Deviation, Analysis of Covariance, Scheffe post-hoc and Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA). The study showed that there was significant difference in the achievement mean score of students in reading English language comprehension between the experimental and control groups. It showed that students exposed to a combination of morphological instructional packages with Eclectic and Problem-Solving methods achieved more in inferring word meanings. It was recommended that teachers of English language should be encouraged to use morphological instructional packages combined with Problem-Solving and Eclectic methods should be given enough orientation through seminars and workshop on the importance of morphological instructional packages combined with eclectic and Problem-Solving methods towards the teaching of languages and reading comprehension in particular.

scholarly journals The impact of cognitive restructuring and self-compassion strategies on negative body image among women with higher body weight: an experimental investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Alysha David
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Body Image ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
The Impact

Individuals with higher body weight are at a greater risk of having negative body image (Friedman & Brownell, 1995). Yet current body image interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), are largely tested with individuals with normal weight or individuals with eating disorders. Furthermore, cognitive restructuring, one of the key components of CBT for body image (Alleva et al., 2015), relies on the assumption that negative cognitions or appraisals regarding the body are unbalanced or distorted in some way. However, people with higher body weight are 50% more likely to experience major discrimination based on their weight status and thus may possess some “evidence” from lived experience of weight bias that would lend support to their negative body-related thoughts (Puhl & Brownell, 2001; 2006). The use of compassion-focused approaches might be particularly helpful in overcoming these obstacles. Self-compassion refers to the capacity for mindfully reflecting on one’s own perceived flaws, mistakes, or wrongdoings with kindness and with an appreciation for the inherent imperfection in everyone (Neff, 2013). The present study tested the impact of various thinking strategies for managing negative body image in women with higher body weight after getting on the scale, a commonly distressing body image trigger (Ogden & Evans, 1996). Participants (N = 79) were recruited from the community and screened for moderate body dissatisfaction. They were randomly assigned to receive a single training session in cognitive restructuring (CR), self-compassion (SC), or distraction (Control) strategies after being weighed. Participants in all three of the groups reported improvements in body dissatisfaction and negative affect immediately following the training. Relative to those in the Control group, those participants who received training in CR or SC strategies reported greater improvements in body image, body image flexibility, self-compassion, and cognitive distortions one week after the training. These findings suggest that CR and SC strategies may be helpful in improving the distress associated with being weighed among women with higher body weight. The results may have broader implications for the development of psychosocial interventions focused on improving body image among these individuals.

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