scholarly journals Higher Impulse Electromyostimulation Contributes to Psychological Satisfaction and Physical Development in Healthy Men

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Kangho Kim ◽  
Denny Eun ◽  
Yong-Seok Jee
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Muscle Groups

Background and Objectives: This study investigated the various impulse effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on psychophysiological responses and adaptations. Materials and Methods: The participants included fifty-four men between 20 and 27 years of age who practiced isometric exercises for 20 min, three days a week, for 12 weeks while wearing WB-EMS suits, which enabled the simultaneous activation of eight muscle groups with three types of impulse intensities. Participants were allocated to one of four groups: control group (CON), low-impulse-intensity group (LIG), mid-impulse-intensity group (MIG), and high-impulse-intensity group (HIG). Psychophysiological conditions were measured at week 0, week 4, week 8, and week 12. Results: Compared with the CON, (1) three psychological conditions in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed positive tendencies every four weeks, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test revealed that body image (p = 0.004), body shape (p = 0.007), and self-esteem (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. (2) Body weight, fat mass, body mass index, and percent fat in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in LIG, MIG, and HIG showed a noticeable decrease, which revealed that there were significant differences among the groups. Specifically, a higher impulse intensity resulted in a greater increase in muscle mass. (3) Although there was no interaction effect in the abdominal visceral fat area, there were significant interactions in the abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) and total fat (ATF) areas. Both the ASF and ATF in the CON showed decreasing tendencies, whereas those in other groups showed a noticeable decrease. The ANCOVA revealed that the ASF (p = 0.002) and ATF (p = 0.001) were significantly different among the groups. In particular, the higher the impulse intensity, the greater the decrease in abdominal fat. Conclusions: This study confirmed that high-impulse-intensity EMS can improve psychophysiological conditions. In other words, healthy young adults felt that the extent to which their body image, body shape, and self-esteem improved depended on how intense their EMS impulse intensities were. The results also showed that higher levels of impulse intensity led to improved physical conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of the fear of death on body image evaluation.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Alicja Głębocka ◽  
Magdalena Rudlicka ◽  
Grzegorz Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Shapes

Background: Research on the consequences of fear of death often consists of classical investigations within the sphere of social psychology. However, the aspect of body image regarding this issue remains largely unexplored. Aim of the study: The goal of the conducted experiment was to examine the mechanisms reducing the fear of death. The respondents had two options to choose from: (1) increasing self-esteem in terms of physical attractiveness, or (2) lowering the rating of the body image presented in the photographs. Material and methods: The study was conducted using the following tests: (1) the Memory Test, developed by Łukaszewski and Buczny; (2) the Body-Esteem Scale (BE S), developed by Franzoi and Shields; (3) the UMACL Mood Adjective Checklist, developed by Mathews, Chamberlain, and Jones; and (4) the Body Shape Attractiveness Questionnaire. In this report, we present results of an analysis of 221 respondents (108 women and 113 men). Results: Death-related thoughts influence the perception of female body attractiveness. Respondents with awareness of mortality salience rated the attractiveness of body shape as lower than respondents from the control group. Conclusions: The present experiment confirmed the influence of fear of death on the evaluation of cultural and biological standards of female physical attractiveness, as well as, the hesitation of participants’ self-esteem and mood related to sex. The lack of critical evaluation of others and a positive self-evaluation effectively protects an individual against mood deterioration, and these effects were observed among men. However, these mechanisms do not apply to women, since women reacted critically to both body shapes in the photographs and their own bodies.

scholarly journals Visceral fat obesity is the key risk factor for the development of reflux erosive esophagitis in 40–69-years subjects

Esophagus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Ohashi ◽  
Takahisa Maruno ◽  
Keita Fukuyama ◽  
Osamu Kikuchi ◽  
Tomohiko Sunami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Daily Alcohol Intake ◽  
Gastrointestinal Reflux ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Background Visceral fat obesity can be defined quantitatively by abdominal computed tomography, however, the usefulness of measuring visceral fat area to assess the etiology of gastrointestinal reflux disease has not been fully elucidated. Methods A total of 433 healthy subjects aged 40–69 years (234 men, 199 women) were included in the study. The relationship between obesity-related factors (total fat area, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, waist circumference, and body mass index) and the incidence of reflux erosive esophagitis was investigated. Lifestyle factors and stomach conditions relevant to the onset of erosive esophagitis were also analyzed. Results The prevalence of reflux erosive esophagitis was 27.2% (118/433; 106 men, 12 women). Visceral fat area was higher in subjects with erosive esophagitis than in those without (116.6 cm2 vs. 64.9 cm2, respectively). The incidence of erosive esophagitis was higher in subjects with visceral fat obesity (visceral fat area ≥ 100 cm2) than in those without (61.2% vs. 12.8%, respectively). Visceral fat obesity had the highest odds ratio (OR) among obesity-related factors. Multivariate analysis showed that visceral fat area was associated with the incidence of erosive esophagitis (OR = 2.18), indicating that it is an independent risk factor for erosive esophagitis. In addition, daily alcohol intake (OR = 1.54), gastric atrophy open type (OR = 0.29), and never-smoking history (OR = 0.49) were also independently associated with the development of erosive esophagitis. Conclusions Visceral fat obesity is the key risk factor for the development of reflux erosive esophagitis in subjects aged 40–69 years.

scholarly journals Body Image Dissatisfaction in The Youth of India: And the Effects on Self-Esteem

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawini Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sample Set ◽  
Number Of Males

The aim to conduct this research is to enlighten the impact of body image dissatisfaction on an individual’s self-esteem and to examine whether there is a gender difference in this case or not. There are a total of 220 numbers of participants, with equal number of males and females in the sample set. The tool that’d be using here is a modified short version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) by Cooper et. Al. in the year in 1987 and The Rosenberg self-esteem scale by Morris Rosenberg (RSES) in the year 1965. The current research proved that whenever there’ll be higher body image dissatisfaction, it’ll result in less self-esteem. Other than that, it stated that females (M= 22.69 and SD= 3.64) have a higher mean score in body image dissatisfaction than and males (M=23.28 and SD= 3.6), therefore, the men have a higher mean score of self-esteem than females.

Effectiveness of Psychodrama on the Body Image of Senior High Female Students in Tehran, District 15

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroor Arabpour Khanmirzaei ◽  
Mahdi Zare Bahramabadi ◽  
Fatemeh Khoramian
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Body Self

Introduction: In this study the effect of psychodrama on body image of female students at secondary school has been examined. Method: In this quasi experimental study, all the female students at secondary school who were studying at high school in academic year 2016-2017 in Tehran were selected as a statistical society. Among the high schools in Tehran's 15th district, one school was selected by Purposive sampling method. They were examined by the Multidimensional Body-Self Relationships Questionnaire (MBSRQ). 24 female students were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups. Then, 8 sessions of 1.5 hours of psychodrama were performed for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In addition to descriptive statistics, Multivariate analysis of covariance were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the psychodrama on the body image of students and the SPSS-25 software was used for all the analyses (p>0.05. ( Results: In this analysis, the second-year high school student participants were adolescent girls with an average age of 14.34 years. The results the study showed The Mean ±SD of physical satisfaction component had more change from pre-test (25.08± 3.65) to post-test (32.50 ±4.85). Moreover, The Mean ±SD of the body image increased from pre-test (144.50 ±12.33) to post-test (16.165 ± 12.96). Conclusion: Psychodrama had remarkable improvement on body image of female students who were selected in this research

Growth changes in the distribution of dissectable and intramuscular fat in pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Davies ◽  
W. J. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Large White ◽  
Growth Series ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Muscle Groups

SummaryThe subcutaneous, intermuscular and cavity fat depots of the half carcasses of 15 Large White × Landrace castrated male pigs, forming a growth series from 8 to 62 kg live weight, were dissected. Seventy individual muscles of these pigs were analysed for intramuscular fat content. The growth rates of each of the four fat depots, relative to total fat, were similar. Subcutaneous fat was the predominant fat depot over the growth range studied. Both intramuscular fat and non-fat dry matter grew faster than the entire muscles containing them. Growth gradients for the intramuscular fat of muscle groups, relative to either total intramuscular fat or to total fat, were similar to those for the entire muscles. The growth gradients for muscle groups were affected by neither the growth of the contained intramuscular fat nor the contained non-fat dry matter. Intramuscular fat density, but not non-fat dry-matter density, varied throughout the carcass. The fat content of muscles was highest in those that could be useful as subcutaneous insulators.

Overweight/obese Patient Referrals to Plastic Surgery: Temperamental and Personality Traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S259-S259
Author(s):  
C. Pavan ◽  
F. Bassetto ◽  
V. Vindigni
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Psychiatric Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Body Image Perception

IntroductionCorrelations between psychiatric disorders and overweight/obesity are reported in the literature. The study aimed at detecting correlations between psychiatric disorders, temperamental traits and body image perception in overweight and obese patients who seek surgical lipostructuring treatments.Methods28 overweight/obese patients (age 18–60 yrs, BMI 25 to 34.9 at recruitment) were enrolled in the period March 2008–June 2011 between those referring to the outpatient service for Obesity-related lipodystrophisms of the Institute of Plastic Surgery. Presence of psychiatric disorders, temperamental traits and body image perception were evaluated, and compared to a control group (n = 25) from general population sharing clinical/demographic features. Psychiatric evaluation was based on acquisition of clinical history, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Beck Depression Inventory, Yale Brown Scale (YBOCS), Paykel Life Events Scale, NEO Five Factory Inventory, Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ).ResultsThe patients group presented higher scoring in lifetime depression and BSQ with moderate/mild concern with body shapes. With regard to personality traits, TPQ revealed higher score in subscale RD4 (dependence/independence) in the patients, while controls scored higher in “openness to experience” NEO-FFI sub-scale. At YBOCS obese patients presented higher prevalence of obsessive characters.ConclusionThe affective sphere is a relevant feature in obese patients, but also obsessive traits, as negative body shape perception and temperamental and personality characteristics appear to be involved in leading patients to seek surgical consultation. These aspects are implicated in medical/surgical outcome and compliance to treatments.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Effect of a dietary supplement containing kurozu (a Japanese traditional health drink) concentrate on several obesity-related parameters in obese Japanese adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naobumi Hamadate ◽  
Ken-ichiro Nakamura ◽  
Motoko Hirai ◽  
Tetsuro Yamamoto ◽  
Hideyo Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Visceral Fat Area ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Total Fat

Objective: This study was undertaken to examine the Kurozu concentrate (KC) based dietary supplement on several obesity-related parameters in obese Japanese male and female adults.Background: Kurozu, which is a specific type of rice vinegar produced by fermentation of unpolished brown rice, has long been used as a traditional health food and folk medicine in Japan. A recent animal study and our preliminary human study suggest that the KC supplement has potential for use in the management of obesity.Materials and Methods: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted involving 48 Japanese adult subjects (28 males and 20 females) with obesity. Subjects were either assigned to the group consuming the KC supplement for 12 weeks (870mg/day; 480 mg/day as KC) (n=24; 14 males and 10 females) or the placebo group (n=24; 14 males and 10 females). All test participants were assessed using several obesity-related parameters, including body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and abdominal fat computed tomography (CT) sections. These measurements took place at baseline and at week 12. Results: At week 12, a significant decrease in body weight (P<0.043) and nearly significant decreased values of BMI (P=0.052) were observed in the KC group compared to the placebo group. The reduction in waist circumference at week 12 within the KC group was not significantly greater than the placebo group. Examination of abdominal CT sections around the navel indicated that, although most of the values of the total fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area for both of the placebo and KC groups significantly increased during the 12-week intervention, the magnitude of increase in the total fat area for all subjects and that of the total fat area, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area for females on one or more of three CT sections were significantly lower in the KC group than the placebo group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Although the results are not definitive, KC supplementation may have potential for improving some obesity-related parameters in obese subjects, particularly females.Key words: Kurozu concentrate (KC), KC-based dietary supplement (KC supplement), abdominal obesity-related parameters, body mass index (BMI), computed tomography (CT), abdominal fat

scholarly journals The Effect of Self-Differentiation Training on Attachment Styles and Self-Esteem in Married Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Razieh Behjati Najafabadi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Self Differentiation

Objective: The present study was done to determine the effect of self-differentiation training on attachment styles and self-esteem among married women in our center. Methods: This semi-empirical with pre-test and post-test was done on 30 subjects selected from married women in a training course during the spring 2017 using available sampling method who were divided into two experimental and control groups randomly. After training, the research questionnaires, including the Adult Attachment Scale by Hazan and Shaver and Rosenberg‘s Self-esteem Scale were completed by the examinees. The members of the experimental group participated in a training course for 8 sessions (100 min) but no training was done for the control group. The research data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) via SPSS v. 22. Results: The results of ANCOVA indicated that self-differentiation training had a significant effect on secure attachment style, anxious-ambivalent attachment style, and self-esteem (P<0.05), whereas it had no significant impact on avoidance attachment style (P>0.05). Conclusion: The self-differentiation training intervention may lead to a rise in the secure attachment style and self-esteem and a reduction in anxious-ambivalent attachment style in married women in our center.

scholarly journals Body Image Concerns and Body Weight Overestimation Do Not Promote Healthy Behaviour: Evidence from Adolescents in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Jankauskiene ◽  
Migle Baceviciene
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Drive For Thinness ◽  
Body Image Concerns ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

The present study aimed to explore the associations between body image concerns, body weight evaluation, disordered eating, nutrition habits, self-esteem, and physical activity (PA) in a mixed sample of adolescents of both genders. Methods. A total sample of 579 adolescents (299, 51.6% were girls) participated in this study. The participants ranged in age from 14–16 years old (M = 15.0, SD = 0.4). Respondents provided their answers filling in the questionnaires consisting of a battery of self-report questionnaires. An analysis of covariance was employed to test the hypothesis about the differences in body image concerns in the groups of BMI and body weight estimation controlling for gender. Results. Adolescents with a higher body mass index (BMI) and those overestimating body weight reported a higher body dissatisfaction (BD), a drive for thinness (DT), social physique anxiety (SPA), disordered eating, and lower self-esteem, but there were no differences in PA. Body weight overestimation was more prevalent in girls, yet body weight underestimation was more prevalent in boys. In girls, a higher BMI and body weight overestimation were associated with having less sweets, a lower frequency of having breakfast and for just a lower BMI alone—with consuming less fats, spreads, and oils. In boys, the BMI was associated with consuming less fruits and berries. The boys’ body weight overestimation was related to a lower reported number of meals, a lower frequency of breakfast, and a lower consumption of milk, cheese, yogurt, fats, spreads, and oils. Body dissatisfaction in boys and girls was negatively related to the number of meals, DT is related to a lower breakfast consumption (in girls), SPA was related to a lower nutrition score (in boys), the number of meals (boys and girls), and a lower use of meat and vegetables (boys). Conclusions. Adolescents with a higher BMI and body weight overestimation demonstrated higher body image concerns, lower self-esteem and a poorer eating-related behavioural profile. Body image concerns and body weight overestimation did not promote healthy behaviour in adolescents. It is critical to promote a positive body image, adequate body weight evaluation, self-esteem, and a healthy lifestyle in health promotion and health education programs for adolescents of both genders and different BMIs.

scholarly journals Evaluación de una intervención dirigida a reducir el impacto del estigma en las personas con VIH capacitándolas para afrontarlo

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Fuster-RuizdeApodaca ◽  
Fernando Molero ◽  
Silvia Ubillos
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Equivalent Control ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this study was to assess an intervention program to reduce the impact of stigma on people with HIV and to enable them to cope with it. A quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group and pre-and posttest was used. Participants were 221 people with HIV. of whom 164 received the intervention and 56 made up the non-equivalent control groups. The dependent variables were perception of stigma -enacted and internalized-, self-esteem, perception of self-efficacy, strategies used to cope with stigma -primary control, secondary control, and avoidance- and quality of life. Analysis of variance (MANOVAS and ANOVAS) was conducted to determine pretest differences and differential scores in both groups, and analysis of covariance (MANCOVAS and ANCOVAS) was performed to assess the efficacy of the program. The results showed reduction of perceived stigma and avoidance strategies and an increase in perceived self-efficacy to cope with stigma, disposition to use approach strategies, self-esteem, and quality of life. These results indicate that is possible to train people with HIV to cope with stigma.

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