Making Parallel Histories out of Spanish Missions

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-106
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
World War I ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
Spanish Missions ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Junipero Serra

This chapter explores the mission celebrations that developed in Southern California, among newly arrived Anglo settlers and tourists, and between the 1880s and World War I. It talks about mission writers who celebrated the Spanish Franciscans that were led by Junípero Serra and founded missions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It also argues that the celebrations in the Midwest elevated Catholic missionaries to the status of regional and national founding fathers in ways that naturalized U.S. territorial expansion. The chapter mentions the Serra celebrations that contended with the recent history of violence in Southern California. It describes the war with Mexico and ongoing violence against Mexicans, as well as the murder and displacement of Native Americans.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
Michael Geheran
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
National Socialism ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
German Identity ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War

The book closes with a short glimpse into the history of Jewish veterans after 1945, as the survivors of the camps returned to Germany, outlining ruptures and continuities in comparison with the pre-Nazi period. Jewish veterans imposed different narratives on their experiences under National Socialism. As the past receded into the distance, it became a concern for the survivors to engage with the past, which they variously looked back on with nostalgia, disillusionment, or bitter anger. Although National Socialism threatened to erase everything that Jewish veterans of World War I had achieved and sacrificed, sought to destroy the identity they had constructed as soldiers in the service of the nation, as well as bonds with gentile Germans that had been forged under fire during the war, threatened to sever their connections to the status they had earned as soldiers of the Great War and defenders of the fatherland, their minds, their values and their character remained intact. Jewish veterans preserved their sense of German identity.

A Discussion on the early days of ionospheric research and the theory of electric and magnetic waves in the ionosphere and magnetosphere - U. R. S. I. and the early history of the ionosphere

1975 ◽  
Vol 280 (1293) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
International Union ◽  
Radio Science ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
World Community ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Armed Services

Although the origins of the International Union of Radio Science can be traced back to October 1912, the formation of the Union itself as an international organisation for the cooperative scientific study of problems in wireless telegraphy, dates from 1919. In the wireless communication field the years immediately following World War I were a period of transition, in which the advantages of short waves over long waves for World-wide communication were being rapidly appreciated. It was a period too in which large numbers of enthusiastic wireless operators were demobilised from the armed services and started the great boom in amateur wireless communication which continues to this day. In fact it was not without significance that the original title of U.R.S.I. was the ‘International Union for Scientific Wireless Telegraphy’ (later changed to ‘International Union for Scientific Radio’) - the inclusion of the word ‘Scientific’ was, from the start, a matter of deliberate policy. However, as we shall see, the founding fathers of U.R.S.I., while inserting ‘ Scientific ’ into the title of the new organization, were careful not to isolate it completely from the great world community of amateur wireless enthusiasts.

scholarly journals Exposé or misconstrual? Unresolved issues of authorship and the authenticity of GW Stow’s ‘forgery’ of a rock art painting

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Marguerite Prins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Geological Exploration ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Vaal Triangle ◽  
Art Research

George William Stow (1822-1882) is today considered to have been one of the founding fathers of rock art research and conservation in Southern Africa. He arrived from England in 1843 and settled on the frontier of the Eastern Cape where he gradually started specializing in geological exploration, the ethnological history of the early peoples of the subcontinent and the rock art of the region.By the 1870s he was responsible for the discovery of the coalfields in the Vaal Triangle of South Africa.In recent years Stow’s legacy has been the subject of academic suspicion. Some rock art experts claim that he made himself guilty of ‘forgery’. In the article the authors argues in favour of restoring the status of Stow by pointing to the fact that two mutually exclusive interpretational approaches of rock art, than it is about an alleged forgery, are at the heart of the attempts at discrediting his work. In the process, irreparable and undeserving harm has been done to the name of George William Stow and his contribution to rock art research and conservation in South Africa.

Introduction

The Plunder ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Daniel Unowsky
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
World War ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Anti Jewish

The introduction offers an overview of the geographical and chronological scope of the violence before setting these events within existing scholarship on antisemitism, Habsburg and Polish history, and the history of violence in central Europe around 1900. Although these events have been largely overshadowed by more deadly examples of anti-Jewish violence before and after World War I, the 1898 riots constituted the most extensive anti-Jewish attacks in the Habsburg state in the post-1867 constitutional era. The 1898 Galician violence challenged the image of Austria-Hungary as a Rechtsstaat, a state governed by the rule of law. The introduction includes chapter previews.

The Character and Function of a Pioneer Elite: Rural California 1848–1880

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
R. A. Burchell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
American People ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Founding Fathers ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

The history of the United States has been described again and again as the history of change, motion and instability. From Tocqueville to Turner, from Bancroft to Billington, from Berthoff to Thernstrom, the accent has been laid on the dynamic — whether it be democratisation, westward expansion, immigration, internal migration or “Americanisation.” It would appear almost incontrovertible that by 1900 the American people were unsettled, in search of order, pressured by the “M Factor,” responding unhappily to industrialism. Yet a number of questions may be asked: where, leaving aside the American Civil War as a very special case, is the evidence of large-scale dissatisfaction with and rebellion against the status quo; where is the evidence that, as the nation expanded west and its institutions extended over ever wider territories, they weakened and fell into disrepute; why did the United States succeed in reaching the Pacific in one piece rather than as several republics, as some of the Founding Fathers feared? One answer might be that the American people formed a consensus after all, but that is not the argument here. It is not necessary to involve the whole American people in an explanation of continuities, for the purpose here is to show how conservative, stabilising cultural control was in one case successfully provided by the few and not the many.

ÉMIGRÉ ANALYSTS OF THE 1930S AND THEIR LOSS OF THE MOTHER TONGUE: DIFFICULTIES IN WRITING THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Anne Kowalik
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Compensatory Strategies ◽  
History Of Psychoanalysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

Taking memoirs, biographies, oral histories and interviews of émigré analysts as her subjects of interrogation, Kowalik questions what these analysts felt about the loss of their mother-tongue, deliberates what vulnerabilities this loss made them heir to and what compensatory strategies this trauma led them to. She scrutinizes the histories, both those of eminent founders of the Southern Californian Institutes as well as those of the institutions and finds that the issues of the loss of the most important tool of the émigré analyst, their mother tongue, have neither been researched nor even been thematized. She maintains that only a history of psychoanalysis as praxis can access the effects of the loss and outlines the difficulties in writing such a history (confidentiality, medicalization of psychoanalysis, the status of the dyad, need to forget trauma). She concludes with a challenge to historians to use psychoanalytic tools in writing the history of psychoanalysis in Southern California.

scholarly journals Le Postmoderne et la « Visibilite » des « Invisibles » : Cas des « Native Americans » dans « This Land » de Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Zouankouan Stéphane Beugre
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
American History ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Cet article vise à montrer comment dans la philosophie postmoderne et avec le postmoderne, les « native americans » qui étaient « invisibles » dans la période de l’Eurocentrisme sont passés d’une « invisibilité » à une visibilité véritable. Puisque désormais ils ont droit à la parole et donc ils disent leur part de vérité sur l’histoire des États-Unis et sur leurs propres histoires à eux telle que vécues avec les euro-américains. A travers donc les théories de la déconstruction et de l’historicisme, l’étude a fait remarquer que les « native americans » ont une visibilité dans le monde postmoderne et plus précisément aux États-Unis à travers une visibilité liée à la réclamation de leurs terres, à travers une visibilité liée à la réécriture de l’histoire américaine, d’une part à enseigner sur eux et d’autre part à enseigner sur l’origine des États-Unis ; et enfin à travers une visibilité liée à la restauration et la restitution de leur héritage culturel, cet héritage culturel que les survivants des génocides possèdent et font rayonné. Il faut par ailleurs ajouter que ce passage du statut d’invisibles à la visibilité à trois niveaux (réclamation de leurs terres, réécriture de l’histoire américaine, restauration et restitution de leur héritage culturel) marque un tournant décisif dans la vie des États-Unis et c’est à juste titre que Joe Biden, le Président américain a choisi novembre 2021 pour célébrer l’héritage des «Native Americans».   This article aims to show how in postmodern philosophy and with the postmodern, "native americans" who were "invisible" in the period of Eurocentrism went from "invisibility" to true visibility. Since now they have the right to speak and therefore they can tell their share of the truth about the history of the United States and their own stories as they used to live them since their contact with Euro-Americans. So through the theories of deconstruction and historicism, this study pointed out that “native americans” have visibility in the postmodern world and more precisely in the contemporary United States through a visibility linked to the claim of their lands, through a visibility linked to the rewriting of American history, on the one hand that taught about them and on the other hand that taught about the origin of the United States; and finally through a visibility linked to the restoration and restitution of their cultural heritage, this cultural heritage that the survivors of genocides possess and promote proudly. It should also be added that this passage from the status of invisibility to visibility at three levels (claim of their lands, rewriting of American history, restoration and restitution of their cultural heritage) indicates a decisive turning point in the history of the United States and it is with good reason that Joe Biden, the American President, declared November 2021 to celebrate Native American Heritage.

scholarly journals NILAI ESTETIS MUSIK DALAM RENTANG SEJARAH MUSIK BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Political Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of

The history of Western music, historically, has been changing for a long time; from one period to other period until the present day. In music, the chaging automatically changes its forms, styles, characteristics, harmony, and particularly its aesthetics values. Then, the changing triggers development. Dominantly the development is inluenced by two dominant aspects, i.e. internal aspect and external aspect. The music history said that the period of Middle Ages was influenced by political religion which was placed under Chatolic church authorization. Renaisance period was influenced by spirit of individualism and humanism, and also enthusiasm of anthropocentrism. The Barock era was shadowed by the political changing in Western Europe. The Classic dan Romantic period was shaded by the passion of territorial expansion and nationalism that was marked by Franch Revolution. After World War I and II the social changes were determined by the development of technology. It becomes significant factor. In musicology context, the development of technology has created several new music instruments. The relationship between internal and external aspect occurs correlative and the aesthetics values in music has been influenced by several aspects above. The existence of music is not caused by itself, but it influenced by another aspects.

scholarly journals The Economy of the Transylvanian Roman Catholic Status Between the World Wars

2022 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
András Máthé
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
New Nation ◽  
Modernization Process

The purpose of the study. To examine how the 20th century’s political changes affected the Roman Catholic Church structurally, and it’s specific institution, the Roman Catholic Status by the agrarian reforms which were part of the modernization process and nation-building in Greater Romania; and more importantly in Transylvania, the area of the four Roman Catholic dioceses of Nagyárad, Gyulafehérvár, Temesvár and Szatmár, and what alternatives were created for economical surviving. Applied methods. Literature review including the history of World War I and the consequences of the upcoming treaties of Versailles. We involved sources from church literature, agrarian estates records and data from researches of the Status archives from Transylvania. The research framework is the history of the Roman Catholic Status. We introduced four ecclesiastical counties whose economically changes influenced the administration of several institutions and funds belonging to the Status. We made a structural analysis examining the new economic system of the Roman Catholic Status situated in the middle of the modernization development of Greater Romania. Outcomes. Due to the annexation of Transylvania to Romania, the Roman Catholic Church went from a privileged position to a marginal position, since the majority of the Romanian population was Orthodox Christian. Many problems of the process of modernization and nationbuilding in Greater Romania were felt by all sections of the population, but it was the ethnic minorities and their institutions - especially the churches - which were to be integrated into the new nation-state that were most affected. The four Roman Catholic dioceses Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia), Nagyvárad (Oradea), Temesvár (Timișoara) and Szatmár (Satu Mare)) expropriated 277,513 acres of a total of 290,570 acres of land, which represented 98% of the land holdings. The agrarian reform of 1919-1920 brought major changes in the management of the Status funds and the estates belonging to them.

Lynching Beyond Dixie

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
American South ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Mob Violence ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
The American South ◽  
Comprehensive History

In recent decades, scholars have explored much of the history of mob violence in the American South, especially in the years after Reconstruction. However, the lynching violence that occurred in American regions outside the South, where hundreds of persons, including Hispanics, whites, African Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans died at the hands of lynch mobs, has received less attention. This book fills this gap by illuminating the factors that distinguished lynching in the West, the Midwest, and the Mid-Atlantic. The chapters compare the episodes and patterns of lynching in these regions with those that occurred in the South, placing the violence within a broader context of the development of American criminal justice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It adds to a more comprehensive history of American lynching and will appeal to all readers interested in the history of violence across the varied regions of the United States.

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