Answering Skeptics

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-145
Author(s):  
David Madland
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bargaining Unit ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
Labor System ◽  
New System

This chapter considers whether the new labor system could work as intended in the United States and whether alternative policies could better address the country's economic and political problems. It reviews some of the likely implementation challenges the new system would face, including determining the appropriate bargaining unit in a broad-based system and relationship friction between national and local unions, and finds, based on the US historical experience, that the challenges are likely manageable. It also reviews alternatives to the new labor system and argues that while most would be helpful, all have limitations. Other strategies to strengthen labor, such as increased organizing by unions and banning right-to-work laws, are necessary but on their own would not sufficiently increase union density or dramatically increase collective bargaining coverage. Non-union policies — from increased training to a jobs guarantee to campaign finance reform — would do less to raise wages, reduce inequality, or increase political voice. These often rely on strong labor unions to work best. All told, the new labor system is practical and necessary.

scholarly journals Understanding Implementation Challenges to Genetic Testing for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachele Hendricks-Sturrup ◽  
Christine Lu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States (US), with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) being a major inherited and genetic risk factor for premature CVD and atherosclerosis. Genetic testing has helped patients and providers confirm the presence of known pathogenic and likely pathogenic variations in FH-associated genes. Key organizations, such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Heart Association (AHA), FH Foundation, and National Lipid Association (NLA), have recognized the clinical utility of FH genetic testing. However, FH genetic testing is underutilized in clinical practice in the US for reasons that are underexplored through the lens of implementation science. In this commentary, we discuss seven key implementation challenges that must be overcome to strengthen the clinical adoption of FH genetic testing in the US. These implementation challenges center on evidence of cost-effectiveness, navigating patient and provider preferences and concerns, gender and ethnic diversity and representation in genetic testing, and establishing clinical consensus around FH genetic testing based on the latest and most relevant research findings. Overcoming these implementation challenges is imperative to the mission of reducing CVD risk in the US.

Creating the New System

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-160
Author(s):  
David Madland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
The Public ◽  
System P ◽  
Union Policy ◽  
Labor System ◽  
New System ◽  
Intellectual Climate

This chapter explores whether a new labor system could ever become law and overcome the massive political hurdles standing in the way. The path to victory is quite narrow. There needs to be sufficient grassroots activism to push labor issues to the top of the agenda, a strong majority of politicians willing to vote for pro-union policy, champions to drive the policy forward, and a favorable intellectual climate. As difficult as these are to achieve, they are possible if favorable trends continue and rise in intensity. The public must increasingly and more forcefully demand change, and the political and intellectual climate must continue shifting in favor of labor modernization. The chapter concludes by echoing the theme of the book — that a new labor system with broad-based bargaining and encouragement for union membership would help address the fundamental economic and political challenges that the United States faces. The more people recognize this, the better the chances for creating a new labor system.

Labor’s Legacy: The Construction of Subnational Work Regulation

ILR Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 001979392094383
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
State Employment ◽  
New System ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

In recent decades, much of the authority to regulate the workplace has shifted from national-level labor law to state-level employment law. What contributions, if any, did labor unions make to this historic shift in workplace governance? The author uses quantitative and qualitative analyses to test hypotheses and move incrementally closer toward drawing causal inferences. In the first part, he finds a strong statistical relationship between union density and state employment law enactments. Next, analyzing the cases the model identifies as “deviant” (Pennsylvania and Maine), he uses systematic process tracing to test the hypothesis that labor unions were integral players in legislative campaigns for stronger employment laws. Strong evidence supports the hypothesis that labor unions, even as they declined, contributed to the construction of this new system of subnational work regulation—arguably one of their most significant and durable legacies.

Organized Labor as the New Undeserving Rich?: Mass Media, Class-Based Anti-Union Rhetoric and Public Support for Unions in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 997-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V. Kane ◽  
Benjamin J. Newman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Survey Experiments ◽  
Worker Identity

Labor unions play a prominent role in the economy and in politics, and have long been depicted by opponents as an overly powerful, corrupt and economically harmful institution. In labor-related news in recent years, anti-union rhetoric has regularly focused on union workers themselves, frequently portraying them as overpaid, greedy and undeserving of their wealth, while also drawing a contrast between the compensation of union vs. non-union workers. This type of rhetoric is referred to here as class-based anti-union rhetoric (CAR). Despite its prevalence, it remains unknown whether CAR affects public opinion toward unions. This study uses a series of national survey experiments to demonstrate that exposure to CAR reduces the perceived similarity of targeted union workers, unions’ perceived deservingness of public support and support for pro-union legislation. Moreover, CAR repeatedly nullified or reversed the otherwise positive relationship between the strength of worker identity and solidarity with union workers.

Managing Workplace Job Attitudes and Performance in Organizations with Labor Unions

2020 ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
James K. Harter ◽  
Denise R. McLain
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Job Attitudes ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Global Database ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Performance

While union membership has been in decline in recent decades, still 11% of the US workforce belong to unions. The job attitudes of both union and non-union employees are important to organizational success. Various studies suggest that union employees are as satisfied as non-union employees with benefits, wages, and job security. Non-union employees have more favorable attitudes toward the type of work they’re asked to do, autonomy, opportunities for advancement, and supervision. But job attitudes for both union and non-union employees vary widely by the team they are on, according to a summary of Gallup’s employee engagement global database. In this chapter, the authors summarize opinions from within highly unionized organizations, including 239,459 union-member and 42,053 non-union-member employees. They outline key challenges in engaging unionized employees and practical advice compiled from the study of successful organizations across industries.

scholarly journals Labor Unions and American Poverty

ILR Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 001979392110148
Author(s):  
Tom VanHeuvelen ◽  
David Brady
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Data Incorporate ◽  
American Poverty

American poverty research largely neglects labor unions. The authors use individual-level panel data, incorporate both household union membership and state-level union density, and analyze both working poverty and working-aged poverty (among households led by 18- to 64-year-olds). They estimate three-way fixed effects (person, year, and state) and fixed-effects individual slopes models on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), 1976–2015. They exploit the higher quality income data in the Cross-National Equivalent File—an extension of the PSID—to measure relative (<50% of median in current year) and anchored (<50% of median in 1976) poverty. Both union membership and state union density have statistically and substantively significant negative relationships with relative and anchored working and working-aged poverty. Household union membership and state union density significantly negatively interact, augmenting the poverty-reducing effects of each. Higher state union density spills over to reduce poverty among non-union households, and there is no evidence that higher state union density worsens poverty for non-union households or undermines employment.

The Plan

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
David Madland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Union Density ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prevailing Wage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New System

This chapter explains in detail what the new system would look like. It shows how public policy can actively support unions and encourage broad-based collective bargaining, and it explains how the newer elements of the modernized system would be layered on top of the existing system. The chapter discusses how the United States could adapt the “Ghent system” that several countries use to provide needed benefits to workers and a platform for unions to recruit members. It also describes how to move toward broad-based bargaining by promoting high union density as well as by creating supportive structures — including extending union contracts to similarly placed workers through more expansive use of prevailing wage laws and the creation of workers' boards in sectors with little or no union density. Examples from cities and states with these types of policies are highlighted. Finally, how unions would operate in the new system and build power in the workplace as well as in the larger economy is explored.

Re-Union

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Madland
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Us History ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Current Paradigm ◽  
New System

This book explores how labor unions are essential to all workers. Yet, union systems are badly flawed and in need of rapid changes for reform. The book's multilayered analysis presents a solution — a model to replace the existing firm-based collective bargaining with a larger, industry-scale bargaining method coupled with powerful incentives for union membership. These changes would represent a remarkable shift from the norm, but would be based on lessons from other countries, US history and current policy in several cities and states. In outlining the shift, the book details how these proposals might mend the broken economic and political systems in the United States. It also uses three examples from Britain, Canada, and Australia to explore what there is yet to learn about this new system in other developed nations. The book's practical advice extends to a proposal for how to implement the changes necessary to shift the current paradigm. This powerful call to action speaks directly to the workers affected by these policies — the very people seeking to have their voices recognized in a system that attempts to silence them.

scholarly journals Labor Unions and American Poverty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom VanHeuvelen ◽  
David Brady
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
State Level ◽  
Union Density ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Data Incorporate ◽  
American Poverty

American poverty research largely neglects labor unions. We use individual-level panel data, incorporate both household union membership and state-level union density, and analyze both working and working-aged poverty. We estimate three-way fixed-effects (person, year, and state) and fixed-effects individual slopes models on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) 1976-2015. We exploit the Cross-National Equivalent File’s – an extension of the PSID – higher quality income data to measure relative and anchored poverty. Both union membership and state union density have statistically and substantively significant negative relationships with relative and anchored working and working-aged poverty. Household union membership and state union density significantly negatively interact, augmenting the poverty-reducing effects of each. Higher state union density spills over to reduce poverty among non-union households, and there is no evidence that higher state union density worsens poverty for non-union households or undermines employment.

Relation of Statistically Significant, Abnormal, and Typical WAIS-R VIQ-PIQ Discrepancies to Full Scale IQs

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis M. Hsu ◽  
Judy Hayman ◽  
Judith Koch ◽  
Debbie Mandell
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
True Score ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Normative Population ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Quadratic Models

Summary: In the United States' normative population for the WAIS-R, differences (Ds) between persons' verbal and performance IQs (VIQs and PIQs) tend to increase with an increase in full scale IQs (FSIQs). This suggests that norm-referenced interpretations of Ds should take FSIQs into account. Two new graphs are presented to facilitate this type of interpretation. One of these graphs estimates the mean of absolute values of D (called typical D) at each FSIQ level of the US normative population. The other graph estimates the absolute value of D that is exceeded only 5% of the time (called abnormal D) at each FSIQ level of this population. A graph for the identification of conventional “statistically significant Ds” (also called “reliable Ds”) is also presented. A reliable D is defined in the context of classical true score theory as an absolute D that is unlikely (p < .05) to be exceeded by a person whose true VIQ and PIQ are equal. As conventionally defined reliable Ds do not depend on the FSIQ. The graphs of typical and abnormal Ds are based on quadratic models of the relation of sizes of Ds to FSIQs. These models are generalizations of models described in Hsu (1996) . The new graphical method of identifying Abnormal Ds is compared to the conventional Payne-Jones method of identifying these Ds. Implications of the three juxtaposed graphs for the interpretation of VIQ-PIQ differences are discussed.

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