scholarly journals Ship space to database: emerging infrastructures for studies of the deep subseafloor biosphere

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Darch ◽  
Christine L. Borgman
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Data Allocation ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Data Scarcity ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
International Ocean Discovery Program ◽  
Deep Subseafloor

BackgroundAn increasing array of scientific fields face a “data deluge.” However, in many fields data are scarce, with implications for their epistemic status and ability to command funding. Consequently, they often attempt to develop infrastructure for data production, management, curation, and circulation. A component of a knowledge infrastructure may serve one or more scientific domains. Further, a single domain may rely upon multiple infrastructures simultaneously. Studying how domains negotiate building and accessing scarce infrastructural resources that they share with other domains will shed light on how knowledge infrastructures shape science.MethodsWe conducted an eighteen-month, qualitative study of scientists studying the deep subseafloor biosphere, focusing on the Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations (C-DEBI) and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) and its successor, the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP2). Our methods comprised ethnographic observation, including eight months embedded in a laboratory, interviews (n = 49), and document analysis.ResultsDeep subseafloor biosphere research is an emergent domain. We identified two reasons for the domain’s concern with data scarcity: limited ability to pursue their research objectives, and the epistemic status of their research. Domain researchers adopted complementary strategies to acquire more data. One was to establish C-DEBI as an infrastructure solely for their domain. The second was to use C-DEBI as a means to gain greater access to, and reconfigure, IODP/IODP2 to their advantage. IODP/IODP2 functions as infrastructure for multiple scientific domains, which creates competition for resources. C-DEBI is building its own data management infrastructure, both to acquire more data from IODP and to make better use of data, once acquired.DiscussionTwo themes emerge. One is data scarcity, which can be understood only in relation to a domain’s objectives. To justify support for public funding, domains must demonstrate their utility to questions of societal concern or existential questions about humanity. The deep subseafloor biosphere domain aspires to address these questions in a more statistically intensive manner than is afforded by the data to which it currently has access. The second theme is the politics of knowledge infrastructures. A single scientific domain may build infrastructure for itself and negotiate access to multi-domain infrastructure simultaneously. C-DEBI infrastructure was designed both as a response to scarce IODP/IODP2 resources, and to configure the data allocation processes of IODP/IODP2 in their favor.

scholarly journals VOLCORE, a global database of visible tephra layers sampled by ocean drilling

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue H. Mahony ◽  
Nicholas H. Barnard ◽  
R. Stephen J. Sparks ◽  
Jonathan C. Rougier
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
Global Coverage ◽  
International Ocean Discovery Program

Abstract The VOLCORE (Volcanic Core Records) database is a collection of 34,696 visible tephra (volcanic ash and lithological or grain size variations) occurrences reported in the initial reports volumes of all of the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP; 1966–1983), the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP; 1983–2003), the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP; 2003–2013) and the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP; 2013-present) up to and including IODP Expedition 381. The combined international ocean drilling programmes (OD) have locations with global coverage. Cored tephra layers and tephra-bearing sediments span timescales from recent to ~150 million years in age. This database is a collection of information about reported visible tephra layers entirely or predominantly composed of volcanic ash. Data include the depth below sea floor, tephra thickness, location, and any reported comments. An approximate age was estimated for most (29,493) of the tephra layers using published age-depth models. The database can be used as a starting point for studies of tephrochronology, volcanology, geochemistry, studies of sediment transport and palaeoclimatology.

scholarly journals Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. nov., an endospore-forming, Mn-oxidizing, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from deep subseafloor basaltic crust

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_6) ◽  
pp. 1992-1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B. Sylvan ◽  
Colleen L. Hoffman ◽  
Lily M. Momper ◽  
Brandy M. Toner ◽  
Jan P. Amend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Moderately Halophilic Bacterium ◽  
Diamino Acid ◽  
Basaltic Crust ◽  
Deep Subseafloor

A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain 1MBB1T, was isolated from basaltic breccia collected from 341 m below the seafloor by seafloor drilling of Rigil Guyot during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 330. The cells were straight rods, 0.5 μm wide and 1–3 μm long, that occurred singly and in chains. Strain 1MBB1T stained Gram-positive. Catalase and oxidase were produced. The isolate grew optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.5, and could grow with up to 12 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C16: 1ω11c (26.5 %), anteiso-C15: 0 (19.5 %), C16: 0 (18.7 %) and iso-C15: 0 (10.4 %), and the cell-wall diamino acid was meso-diaminopimelic acid. Endospores of strain 1MBB1T oxidized Mn(II) to Mn(IV), and siderophore production by vegetative cells was positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain 1MBB1T was a member of the family Bacillaceae, with Bacillus foraminis CV53T and Bacillus novalis LMG 21837T being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (96.5 and 96.2 % similarity, respectively). This is the first novel species described from deep subseafloor basaltic crust. On the basis of our polyphasic analysis, we conclude that strain 1MBB1T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which we propose the name Bacillus rigiliprofundi sp. nov. The type strain is 1MBB1T ( = NCMA B78T = LMG 28275T).

scholarly journals Seismic slip propagation to the updip end of plate boundary subduction interface faults: Vitrinite reflectance geothermometry on Integrated Ocean Drilling Program NanTro SEIZE cores

Geology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sakaguchi ◽  
F. Chester ◽  
D. Curewitz ◽  
O. Fabbri ◽  
D. Goldsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Seismic Slip ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program

scholarly journals IODP Expedition 318: From Greenhouse to Icehouse at the Wilkes Land Antarctic Margin

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Escutia ◽  
H. Brinkhuis ◽  
A. Klaus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Last Deglaciation ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
Wilkes Land ◽  
History Of

Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 318, Wilkes Land Glacial History, drilled a transect of sites across the Wilkes Land margin of Antarctica to provide a long-term record of the sedimentary archives of Cenozoic Antarctic glaciation and its intimate relationships with global climatic and oceanographic change. The Wilkes Land drilling program was undertaken to constrain the age, nature, and paleoenvironment of the previously only seismically inferred glacial sequences. The expedition (January–March 2010) recovered ~2000 meters of high-quality middle Eocene–Holocene sediments from water depths between 400 m and 4000 m at four sites on the Wilkes Land rise (U1355, U1356, U1359, and U1361) and three sites on the Wilkes Land shelf (U1357, U1358, and U1360). <br><br> These records span ~53 million years of Antarctic history, and the various seismic units (WL-S4–WL-S9) have been successfully dated. The cores reveal the history of the Wilkes Land Antarctic margin from an ice-free “greenhouse” Antarctica, to the first cooling, to the onset and erosional consequences of the first glaciation and the subsequent dynamics of the waxing and waning ice sheets, all the way to thick, unprecedented "tree ring style" records with seasonal resolution of the last deglaciation that began ~10,000 y ago. The cores also reveal details of the tectonic history of the Australo-Antarctic Gulf from 53 Ma, portraying the onset of the second phase of rifting between Australia and Antarctica, to ever-subsiding margins and deepening, to the present continental and ever-widening ocean/continent configuration. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.12.02.2011" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.12.02.2011</a>

scholarly journals IODP Expedition 335: Deep Sampling in ODP Hole 1256D

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. H. Teagle ◽  
B. Ildefonse ◽  
P. Blum ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Spreading Rate ◽  
Ocean Crust ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Drill Cuttings ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Ocean Ridges ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Ocean Lithosphere

Observations of the gabbroic layers of untectonized ocean crust are essential to test theoretical models of the accretion of new crust at mid-ocean ridges. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 335 ("Superfast Spreading Rate Crust 4") returned to Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 1256D with the intention of deepening this reference penetration of intact ocean crust a significant distance (~350 m) into cumulate gabbros. Three earlier cruises to Hole 1256D (ODP 206, IODP 309/312) have drilled through the sediments, lavas, and dikes and 100 m into a complex dike-gabbro transition zone. <br><br> Operations on IODP Expedition 335 proved challenging throughout, with almost three weeks spent re-opening and securing unstable sections of the hole. When coring commenced, the comprehensive destruction of the coring bit required further remedial operations to remove junk and huge volumes of accumulated drill cuttings. Hole-cleaning operations using junk baskets were successful, and they recovered large irregular samples that document a hitherto unseen sequence of evolving geological conditions and the intimate coupling between temporally and spatially intercalated intrusive, hydrothermal, contact-metamorphic, partial melting, and retrogressive processes. <br><br> Hole 1256D is now clean of junk, and it has been thoroughly cleared of the drill cuttings that hampered operations during this and previous expeditions. At the end of Expedition 335, we briefly resumed coring before undertaking cementing operations to secure problematic intervals. To ensure the greatest scientific return from the huge efforts to stabilize this primary ocean lithosphere reference site, it would be prudent to resume the deepening of Hole 1256D in the nearest possible future while it is open to full depth. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.13.04.2011" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.13.04.2011</a>

Abyssal benthic foraminifera in the eastern equatorial Pacific (IODP EXP 320) during the middle Eocene

2013 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1160-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Takata ◽  
Ritsuo Nomura ◽  
Akira Tsujimoto ◽  
Boo-Keun Khim ◽  
Ik Kyo Chung
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Eastern Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Study Interval

We report on the faunal transition of benthic foraminifera during the middle Eocene at Site U1333 (4862 m water depth, 3,560–3,720 m paleo-water depth) of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 320 in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. During the period ∼41.5–40.7 Ma, which includes carbonate accumulation event 3 (CAE-3), the benthic foraminiferal accumulation rate (BFAR) increased gradually and then it declined rapidly. In contrast, BFAR was considerably lower during ∼40.7–39.4 Ma, corresponding to the middle Eocene climatic optimum (MECO), and then it increased during ∼39.3–38.4 Ma, including CAE-4. Diversity (E [S200]) was slightly lower in the upper part of the study interval than in the lower part. The most common benthic foraminifera were Nuttallides truempyi, Oridorsalis umbonatus, and Gyroidinoides spp. in association with Globocassidulina globosa and Cibicidoides grimsdalei during the period studied. Quadrimorphina profunda occurred abundantly with N. truempyi, O. umbonatus, and G. globosa during ∼39.4–38.4 Ma, including CAE-4, although this species was also relatively common in the lower part of the study interval. Virgulinopsis navarroanus and Fursenkoina sp. A, morphologically infaunal taxa, were common during ∼38.8–38.4 Ma, corresponding to the late stage of CAE-4. Based on Q-mode cluster analysis, four sample clusters were recognized and their stratigraphic distributions were generally discriminated in the lower and upper parts of the study interval. Thus, there was only a small faunal transition in the abyssal eastern equatorial Pacific during the middle to late-middle Eocene. The faunal transition recognized in this study may be related to recovery processes following intense carbonate corrosiveness in the eastern equatorial Pacific during MECO.

High resolution CO2 record of the great Plio-Pleistocene glaciations using boron isotopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Brown ◽  
Thomas Chalk ◽  
Paul Wilson ◽  
Eelco Rohling ◽  
Gavin Foster
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Boron Isotope ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Proxy Record ◽  
Ocean Drilling ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Great Transition ◽  
Adequate Test

&lt;p&gt;The intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation (iNHG) at 3.4-2.5 million years ago (Ma) represents the last great transition in Cenozoic climate state with the development of large scale ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere that waxed and waned with changes in insolation. Declining atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels are widely suggested to have been the main cause of iNHG but the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; proxy record is too poorly resolved to provide an adequate test of this hypothesis. The boron isotope-pH proxy, in particular, has shown promise when it comes to accurately estimating past CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations and is very good at reconstructing relative changes in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; on orbital timescales. Here we present a new orbitally resolved record of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;(1 sample per 3 kyr) change from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 999 (12.74&amp;#730;N, -78.74 &amp;#730;E) spanning ~2.6&amp;#8211;2.4&amp;#160;Ma based on the boron isotope (&amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;B) composition of planktic foraminiferal calcite, &lt;em&gt;Globingerinoides ruber&lt;/em&gt; (senso stricto, white). &amp;#160;We find that &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;11&lt;/sup&gt;B values of &lt;em&gt;G. ruber&lt;/em&gt; show clear glacial-interglacial cycles with a magnitude that is similar to those of the Mid-Pleistocene at the same site and elsewhere.&amp;#160; This new high-resolution view of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during the first large glacial events of the Pleistocene confirms the importance of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in amplifying orbital forcing of climate and offers new insights into the mechanistic drivers of natural CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; change.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Slip-dependent weakening revealed for a shallow megasplay fault in the Nankai subduction zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Roesner ◽  
Matt Ikari ◽  
Andre Huepers ◽  
Achim Kopf
Keyword(s):  
Normal Stress ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Velocity Dependence ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Effective Normal Stress ◽  
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program

&lt;p&gt;The Nankai Trough megasplay fault likely hosts different modes of fault slip, from slow to megathrust earthquakes, and is responsible for related phenomena such as tsunamis and submarine landslides. All types of slip events require some kind of frictional weakening process (e.g. slip and/or velocity weakening) in order to nucleate and propagate. Most frictional earthquake studies analyze the velocity dependence of friction but disregard the slip dependence of friction observed in experimental friction studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We tested fluid-saturated powdered megasplay fault samples from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site C0004 in a direct shear apparatus under effective normal stresses from 2&amp;#160;&amp;#8211;&amp;#160;18&amp;#160;MPa to investigate the velocity- and slip-dependence of friction of the megasplay fault. For every tested effective normal stress, we performed one velocity-step experiment and two constant velocity experiments (no velocity step). In the velocity-step experiments the samples were sheared to a total displacement of 10&amp;#160;mm, with an initial sliding velocity V&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;#160;=&amp;#160;0.1&amp;#160;&amp;#181;m/s for the first ~5&amp;#160;mm (run-in) followed by a velocity step increase to V&amp;#160;=&amp;#160;1.0&amp;#160;&amp;#181;m/s over the last 5 mm. During the constant velocity experiments, the shearing velocity (0.1 and 1.0&amp;#160;&amp;#181;m/s respectively) was held constant for 10&amp;#160;mm of displacement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The velocity-stepping tests showed an evolution from velocity weakening at low effective normal stresses to velocity strengthening at high effective normal stresses. All experiments revealed strong slip-weakening behavior, with the slip dependence having a much larger effect on friction than the velocity dependence. The friction slip dependence is also controlled by the effective normal stress, showing large weakening rate at low effective normal stresses and smaller weakening rate at higher effective normal stresses. Therefore, both frictional weakening mechanisms on the megasplay fault become more effective at shallow depths. This may amplify seafloor deformation by shallow coseismic slip and could increase the tsunamigenic potential of the fault zone.&lt;/p&gt;

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