scholarly journals Solid state fermentation of Moringa oleifera leaf meal by mixed strains for the protein enrichment and the improvement of nutritional value

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10358
Author(s):  
Honghui Shi ◽  
Bin Su ◽  
Xiaoyang Chen ◽  
Ruiqi Pian
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Leaf Meal

Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) is a fast-growing multi-purpose deciduous tree with high biomass and nutritional value. However, the presence of antinutritional factors, poor palatability, and indigestibility of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) restrict its application to animal feed. This study aimed to obtain high-quality protein feeds via solid-state fermentation (SSF) of MOLM. The process conditions for increasing the true protein (TP) content using Aspergillus niger, Candida utilis and Bacillus subtilis co-cultures were optimized, and the chemical composition of MOLM was compared before and after fermentation. The results of this study showed that the highest TP content could be obtained through mixed-strain culture of A. niger, C. utilis and B. subtilis at a ratio of 1:1:2. The MOLM was inoculated with A. niger, followed by C. utilis and B. subtilis 24 h later. The optimized co-culture parameters were as follows: total inoculation size, 24%; temperature, 32 °C; fermentation time, 6.5 days; and initial water content, 60%. The maximum TP yield was 28.37%. Notably, in the fermented MOLM (FMOLM), the content of nutrients such as crude protein (CP), small peptides, and total amino acids (AAs) were significantly increased relative to unfermented MOLM, whereas the contents of crude fiber (CF), tannin, and phytic acid were significantly decreased. MOLM analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SSF disrupted the surface structure of MOLM, and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated that macromolecular proteins were degraded. The in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of FMOLM was also improved significantly. Our findings suggest that multi-strain fermentation with A. niger, C. utilis and B. subtilis improves the nutritional quality of MOLM, rendering it a viable functional feedstuff for use in livestock industries in the future.

Anaerobic Solid State Fermentation of Porcine Blood

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2060-2065
Author(s):  
Wei Yang Yu ◽  
Lian Jin Weng ◽  
Yuan Yuan Han ◽  
Di Geng ◽  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Surface Design ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Porcine Blood

An anaerobic solid state fermentation (ASSF) of porcine blood by two ferment agents was investigated. The free amino acids (FAA) content was applied as reference indicator, response surface design of Box-Behnken (BBD) was used to select the optimum conditions of ASSF of porcine blood. The optimum conditions were determined as porcine blood moisture of 76.0%, fermentation time of 7d, fermentation temperature of 39.0±0.5 oC, addition of the components of the mixture as follows: wheat bran 10.8 g , corn flour 1.2 g, Active 99 ferment agent I 0.768 g, Active 99 ferment agent II 0.19 g, porcine blood 86.0 g, resulting in FAA content of 23.8 mg/g. Evaluation experiments revealed that FAA content of 22.9 mg/g, which was 96.2% of the predicted value using Eq.2, and achieved a 14-fold increase comparing with the 1.5 mg/g which is the FAA content of unfermented mixture. It was confirmed that the protein of porcine blood was degraded into small peptides by Sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SOLID STATE FERMENTATION ON NUTRITIONAL CONTENT AND EVALUATION OF DEGRADABILITY IN CACTUS PEAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRES CARVALHO DO SANTOS ◽  
GLEIZA ALVES DINIZ ◽  
AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽  
AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽  
MARCELO FRANCO
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
State University ◽  
Protein Enrichment ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Cactus Pear

ABSTRACT: The process of protein enrichment of cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm Dyck by solid state fermentation with the use of Aspergillus niger and Rhyzopus sp. was studied for improving the nutritional value of this cactus species for use as animal feed. The experiments were conducted in the Agro-industrial Waste Laboratory of State University of Southwest Bahia (Brazil). To this end, we have evaluated the effects of biotransformation on the levels of protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, as well as the potential degradability. Bioconversion was carried out using cactus pear as the only substrate, without supplementation with nitrogen, mineral and vitamin sources. The fermentation with Aspergillus niger promoted a 78% increase in/of protein content and reductions of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of 40%, 36%, and 28%, respectively. Degradability, in turn, was observed to have increased by 66 % after 240 h. On the other hand, the fermentation with Rhyzopus sp. was less efficient, with a 69% increase in protein content, and reductions in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of 30%, 28%, and 18%. In turn, degradability was seen to have increased by 51%. The fermentation of cactus pear by Aspergillus niger and Rhyzopus sp. exhibited the protein enrichment and increased protein degradability of this Cactaceae. Moreover, this is the most ever efficient micro-organism used in bioconversion. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative to ruminant feeding in arid or semi-arid land.

scholarly journals Conversion of brewers’ spent grain into proteinaceous animal feed using solid state fermentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Eliopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Arapoglou ◽  
Nikos Chorianopoulos ◽  
Giorgos Markou ◽  
Serkos A. Haroutounian
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Spent Grain

scholarly journals Lovastatin Production byAspergillus terreusUsing Agro-Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faseleh Jahromi ◽  
Juan Boo Liang ◽  
Yin Wan Ho ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Yong Meng Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Additional Nitrogen

Ability of two strains ofAspergillus terreus(ATCC 74135 and ATCC 20542) for production of lovastatin in solid state fermentation (SSF) using rice straw (RS) and oil palm frond (OPF) was investigated. Results showed that RS is a better substrate for production of lovastatin in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin has been obtained usingA. terreusATCC 74135 and RS as substrate without additional nitrogen source (157.07 mg/kg dry matter (DM)). Although additional nitrogen source has no benefit effect on enhancing the lovastatin production using RS substrate, it improved the lovastatin production using OPF with maximum production of 70.17 and 63.76 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 andA. terreusATCC 74135, respectively (soybean meal as nitrogen source). Incubation temperature, moisture content, and particle size had shown significant effect on lovastatin production (P<0.01) and inoculums size and pH had no significant effect on lovastatin production (P>0.05). Results also have shown that pH 6, 25°C incubation temperature, 1.4 to 2 mm particle size, 50% initial moisture content, and 8 days fermentation time are the best conditions for lovastatin production in SSF. Maximum production of lovastatin using optimized condition was 175.85 and 260.85 mg/kg DM forA. terreusATCC 20542 and ATCC 74135, respectively, using RS as substrate.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER AND RHIZOPUS SP. BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF PRICKLY PEAR

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAMIRES CARVALHO DOS SANTOS ◽  
GEORGE ABREU FILHO ◽  
AILA RIANY DE BRITO ◽  
AURELIANO JOSÉ VIEIRA PIRES ◽  
RENATA CRISTINA FERREIRA BONOMO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Thermostable Enzymes ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

ABSTRACT: Prickly palm cactus husk was used as a solid-state fermentation support substrate for the production of cellulolytic enzymes using Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus sp. A Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of water activity, fermentation time and temperature on endoglucanase and total cellulase production. Response Surface Methodology showed that optimum conditions for endoglucanase production were achieved at after 70.35 h of fermentation at 29.56°C and a water activity of 0.875 for Aspergillus niger and after 68.12 h at 30.41°C for Rhizopus sp. Optimum conditions for total cellulase production were achieved after 74.27 h of fermentation at 31.22°C for Aspergillus niger and after 72.48 h and 27.86°C for Rhizopus sp. Water activity had a significant effect on Aspergillus niger endoglucanase production only. In industrial applications, enzymatic characterization is important for optimizing variables such as temperature and pH. In this study we showed that endoglucanase and total cellulase had a high level of thermostability and pH stability in all the enzymatic extracts. Enzymatic deactivation kinetic experiments indicated that the enzymes remained active after the freezing of the crude extract. Based on the results, bioconversion of cactus is an excellent alternative for the production of thermostable enzymes.

scholarly journals Development of nutrient enriched animal feed from tomato pomace waste under solid state fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special-7) ◽  
pp. 2020-2030
Author(s):  
H.N. ROJA ◽  
R. VEENA ◽  
M.B. DARSHAN ◽  
K.B. MUNISHAMANNA ◽  
V. PALANIMUTHU
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Tomato Pomace

The influence of urea and white rot fungi on the nutritional value of wheat straw

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 59-59
Author(s):  
Y Rouzbehan ◽  
H. Fazaeli ◽  
A. Kiani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Low Nitrogen

In Iran, wheat straw which is produced in huge amounts has been used in animal feed. However, the use of straw as animal feed is limited by its low nutritional value and its low nitrogen content. Various chemical delignification methods to improve the digestibility of straw have extensively investigated (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). Biological methods of treating straw using fungi such as white-rot-fungi have also been reported (Zadrazil, 1984). The solid state fermentation (SSF) of wheat straw with white-rot fungi is a complex process which is influenced by factors such as the species of fungus, substrate, temperature and moisture (Zadrazil, 1984). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pre-treating the straw with urea and incubation with two species of Pleurotus fungi on the chemical composition and digestibility of wheat straw.

Effect of solid-state fermentation with Lactobacillus casei on the nutritional value, isoflavones, phenolic acids and antioxidant activity of whole soybean flour

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 109264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songlin Li ◽  
Ziyi Jin ◽  
Dianjie Hu ◽  
Wenwen Yang ◽  
Yongyong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Soybean Flour
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