scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, critically endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cheek ◽  
Barthélemy Tchiengué ◽  
Xander van der Burgt
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Littoral Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
African Genus

This is the first revision in more than 100 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Closely related to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2-3-locular ovary (vs. unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (vs. exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (asexually reproductive) roots (vs. sessile, roots non-viviparous), lack of laticifers (vs. laticifers present) and differences in spadix: spathe proportions and presentation. However, it is possible that a well sampled molecular phylogenetic analysis might show that one of these genera is nested inside the other. In this case the synonymisation of Pseudohydrosme will be required. Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese but probably extending to Congo, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral Region, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. The discovery of Pseudohydrosme ebo resulted from a series of surveys for conservation management in Cameroon, and triggered this article. All three species are morphologically characterised, their habitat and biogeography discussed, and their extinction risks are respectively assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), Endangered and Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. Clearance of forest habitat for logging, followed by agriculture or urbanisation are major threats. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis may occur in a formally protected area and is also cultivated widely but infrequently in Europe, Australia and the USA for its spectacular inflorescences.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the threatened African genus Pseudohydrosme Engl. (Araceae), with P. ebo, a new, Critically Endangered species from Ebo, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Cheek ◽  
Barthelemy Tchiengue ◽  
Xander van der Burgt
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
The Usa ◽  
African Genus

ABSTRACTThis is the first revision in nearly 130 years of the African genus Pseudohydrosme, formerly considered endemic to Gabon. Sister to Anchomanes, Pseudohydrosme is distinct from Anchomanes because of its 2–3-locular ovary (not unilocular), peduncle concealed by cataphylls at anthesis and far shorter than the spathe (not exposed, far exceeding the spathe), stipitate fruits and viviparous (vegetatively apomictic) roots (not sessile, roots non-viviparous). Three species, one new to science, are recognised, in two sections. Although doubt has previously been cast on the value of recognising Pseudohydrosme buettneri, of Gabon, it is here accepted and maintained as a distinct species in the monotypic section, Zyganthera. However, it is considered to be probably globally extinct. Pseudohydrosme gabunensis, type species of the genus, also Gabonese, is maintained in Sect. Pseudohydrosme together with Pseudohydrosme ebo sp.nov. of the Ebo Forest, Littoral, Cameroon, the first addition to the genus since the nineteenth century, and which extends the range of the genus 450 km north from Gabon, into the Cross-Sanaga biogeographic area. The discovery of Pseudohydrosme ebo resulted from a series of surveys for conservation management in Cameroon, and triggered this paper. All three species of Pseudohydrosme are morphologically characterised, their habitat and biogeography discussed, and their extinction risks are respectively assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct), Endangered and Critically Endangered using the IUCN standard. Clearance of forest habitat for logging, followed by agriculture or urbanisation are major threats. One of the species may occur in a formally protected areas and is also cultivated widely but infrequently in Europe and the USA for its spectacular inflorescences.

Early divergence of an Azorean endemic species in the moss genus Rhynchostegiella (Brachytheciaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Vanderpoorten ◽  
Jairo PatiÑo ◽  
Gerard Dirkse ◽  
TOM BLOCKEEL ◽  
Lars Hedenäs
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
The One ◽  
A New Species

Using the moss genus Rhynchostegiella (Brachytheciaceae) as a model, we address the question of whether taxonomic shortcomings account for the extremely low rates of endemism reported in the Azorean bryophyte flora. Eight accessions initially assigned to three of the four previously reported species in the Azores were identified as a distinct species using the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent method in the context of a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus. Rhynchostegiella azorica sp. nov. is therefore described as a new species that is endemic to the Azores. Its morphological features intergrade with those observed in other species, with a seta that ranges from almost smooth to rough; a length to width ratio of the laminal cells that matches the one of the R. curviseta group; but a leaf apex that is typical of the R. tenella group. This suggests that previous reports of four Rhynchostegiella species from Azores are erroneous and that a single, morphologically variable species, R. azorica, occurs in the archipelago. Rhynchostegiella azorica is sister to the remainder of the species of the genus, whose most recent common ancestor was dated at 4–20 Ma. This points to a more ancient origin in comparison with other Macaronesian endemic species of the genus. The unexpected discovery of an Azorean endemic species in Rhynchostegiella suggests that patterns of endemicity in the Azorean bryophyte flora are not well estimated from traditional taxonomic knowledge and point to the necessity of an extensive integrative taxonomic revision.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the African genus Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 55-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandet-Junior Lissambou ◽  
Olivier J. Hardy ◽  
Christiane Atteke ◽  
Tariq Stevart ◽  
Gilles Dauby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Conservation Assessments ◽  
Chloroplast Haplotypes ◽  
African Genus ◽  
Iucn Criteria

Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae) is a tropical African genus of trees occurring mainly in rain forests. Until recently, Greenwayodendron contained only two species: Greenwayodendronoliveri from West Africa and Greenwayodendronsuaveolens from Central and East Africa. Genetic data, using chloroplast haplotypes and nuclear microsatellites as well as morphometric analyses, provided important information on the delineation of species. Greenwayodendron now contains six species, including two new species (Greenwayodendronglabrum Lissambou, Hardy & Couvreur, sp. nov. and Greenwayodendronlittorale Lissambou, Dauby & Couvreur, sp. nov.). Greenwayodendronsuaveolensvar.gabonica and Greenwayodendronsuaveolenssubsp.usambaricum are recognised as distinct species: Greenwayodendrongabonicumcomb. nov. and Greenwayodendronusambaricumcomb. nov., respectively. A key, detailed descriptions of morphology and geographic distributions, as well as notes on their ecology and uses are presented for all species. Preliminary conservation assessments following IUCN criteria are also provided. Two species are preliminarily identified as threatened, one as Endangered and one as Vulnerable.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of Selaginella monospora Spring (Selaginellaceae)

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-193
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Shalimov ◽  
Xian-Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Made In

During a taxonomic revision of Selaginella from the Himalaya which is a part of the ongoing “Flora of Pan-Himalaya” project, we studied the taxonomy of Selaginella monospora and its closely related species. We found that S. microclada once treated as a synonym of S. monospora should be accepted as a distinct species. In contrast, S. trichophylla, S. monospora var. ciliolata, S. medogensis, and S. effusa var. dulongjiangensis are reduced to synonymy of S. monospora based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Selaginella monospora is characterized by denticulate to ciliolate leaves and strongly dimorphic sporophylls vs. denticulate leaves and slightly dimorphic sporophylls in S. microclada. A lectotypification of S. medogensis was also made in the present study.

Phylloporia spathulata sensu stricto and two new South American stipitate species of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Ferreira Lopes ◽  
Gerardo Lúcio Robledo ◽  
Mateus Arduvino Reck ◽  
Aristóteles Góes Neto ◽  
Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Type Material ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

During a taxonomic revision of species belonging to Phylloporia, some collections from the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil previously determined as P. spathulata had morphological discrepancies in comparison to the type material of this taxon. Both molecular phylogenetic and morphological analysis revealed them to be two distinct species, described here as Phylloporia elegans sp. nov. and P. nodostipitata sp. nov. They mainly differ from P. spathulata by having reviving basidiomata with smaller pores and basidiospores. Phylloporia nodostipitata develops caespitose basidiomata with a knotted and flexuous stipe and a tomentose pileal surface. Phylloporia elegans develops solitary basidiomata with a cylindrical and straight stipe and a plagiotrichoderm pileal surface. Both species are described, illustrated, discussed and compared with Phylloporia spathulata based on a study of the type. Phylloporia spathulata sensu stricto is presented based on its basionym type material.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics suggests a taxonomic revision of the Staphylococcus cohnii species complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lavecchia ◽  
Matteo Chiara ◽  
Caterina De Virgilio ◽  
Caterina Manzari ◽  
Carlo Pazzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Staphylococcus Cohnii ◽  
Taxonomic Assignments

Abstract Staphylococcus cohnii (SC), a coagulase-negative bacterium, was first isolated in 1975 from human skin. Early phenotypic analyses led to the delineation of two subspecies (subsp.), Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. cohnii (SCC) and Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. urealyticus (SCU). SCC was considered to be specific to humans whereas SCU apparently demonstrated a wider host range, from lower primates to humans. The type strains ATCC 29974 and ATCC 49330 have been designated for SCC and SCU, respectively. Comparative analysis of 66 complete genome sequences—including a novel SC isolate—revealed unexpected patterns within the SC complex, both in terms of genomic sequence identity and gene content, highlighting the presence of 3 phylogenetically distinct groups. Based on our observations, and on the current guidelines for taxonomic classification for bacterial species, we propose a revision of the SC species complex. We suggest that SCC and SCU should be regarded as two distinct species: SC and SU (Staphylococcus urealyticus), and that two distinct subspecies, SCC and SCB (SC subsp. barensis, represented by the novel strain isolated in Bari) should be recognized within SC. Furthermore, since large scale comparative genomics studies recurrently suggest inconsistencies or conflicts in taxonomic assignments of bacterial species, we believe that the approach proposed here might be considered for more general application.

Where have all the sawfishes gone? Perspectives on declines of these Critically Endangered species in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Tanna ◽  
Daniel Fernando ◽  
Ramajeyam Gobiraj ◽  
Buddhi M. Pathirana ◽  
Sahan Thilakaratna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Critically Endangered Species

scholarly journals Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

2021 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Carnicero ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Llorenç Sáez ◽  
Theophanis Constantinidis ◽  
Mercè Galbany-Casals
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

scholarly journals The Oral Bacterial Community in Melanophryniscus admirabilis (Admirable Red-Belly Toads): Implications for Conservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Michele Bertoni Mann ◽  
Janira Prichula ◽  
Ícaro Maia Santos de Castro ◽  
Juliana Mello Severo ◽  
Michelle Abadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Personal Genome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Environment

Melanophryniscus admirabilis (admirable red-belly toad) is a microendemic and critically endangered species found exclusively along 700 m of the Forqueta River, in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. One of the greatest concerns regarding the conservation of this species is the extensive use of pesticides in areas surrounding their natural habitat. In recent years, the adaptation and persistence of animal species in human-impacted environments have been associated with microbiota. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the oral bacterial community of wild M. admirabilis and to address the question of how this community might contribute to this toad’s adaptation in the anthropogenic environment as well as its general metabolic capabilities. A total of 11 oral samples collected from wild M. admirabilis were characterized and analyzed via high-throughput sequencing. Fragments of the 16S rRNA variable region 4 (V4) were amplified, and sequencing was conducted using an Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGM) System with 316 chips. A total of 181,350 sequences were obtained, resulting in 16 phyla, 34 classes, 39 orders, and 77 families. Proteobacteria dominated (53%) the oral microbiota of toads, followed by Firmicutes (18%), Bacteroidetes (17%), and Actinobacteria (5%). No significant differences in microbial community profile from among the samples were reported, which suggests that the low dietary diversity observed in this population may directly influence the bacterial composition. Inferences of microbiome function were performed using PICRUSt2 software. Important pathways (e.g., xenobiotic degradation pathways for pesticides and aromatic phenolic compounds) were detected, which suggests that the bacterial communities may serve important roles in M. admirabilis health and survival in the anthropogenic environment. Overall, our results have important implications for the conservation and management of this microendemic and critically endangered species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document