scholarly journals Biological control of important fungal diseases of potato and raspberry by two Bacillus velezensis strains

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11578
Author(s):  
Anzhela Asaturova ◽  
Margarita Shternshis ◽  
Vera Tsvetkova ◽  
Tatyana Shpatova ◽  
Vladislava Maslennikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis

Stem canker and black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani are the important diseases in potato, while spur blight caused by Didymella applanata is a major disease in red raspberry. In Western Siberia, both crops are grown predominantly in small-scale farming that requires maximal usage of biological products for plant protection instead of chemicals. We evaluated two promising Bacillus velezensis strains BZR 336 g and BZR 517 isolated in the south of Russia (45°1′N, 38°59′E) for their biological control potentials against the potato and red raspberry diseases under the more severe weather conditions of Western Siberia (55°1′N, 82°55′ E). We tested two techniques to apply biocontrol agents: (1) coating the seeds (potato tubers) and (2) spraying over the plants (raspberry canes). In each case, we estimated B. velezensis strains on two plant cultivars differed by the disease resistance. The degree of B. velezensis influence on disease incidence and severity depended on the bacterial strain, the protected plant, and its cultivar. We also demonstrated that two B. velezensis strains significantly stimulated plant growth of potato, which contributed to the plant productivity on both cultivars. The BZR 336 g strain affected the potato productivity more than the BZR 517 strain. Under the influence of both bacterial strains, raspberry yield was significantly higher compared to the control on the susceptible cultivar. These findings indicated that two southern B. velezensis strains had proved their efficacy as biological control agents in the control of the serious fungal infection of potato and raspberry plants under the more severe ecological conditions of Western Siberia. For the first time, we demonstrated B. velezensis strains potential for use as biological control agents against R. solani on potato, and against D. applanata on red raspberry.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Endophyte Bacillus velezensis KOF112 from Grapevine Shoot Xylem as Biological Control Agent for Fungal Diseases

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Hamaoka ◽  
Yoshinao Aoki ◽  
Shunji Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Zoospore Release ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

As the use of chemical fungicides has raised environmental concerns, biological control agents have attracted interest as an alternative to chemical fungicides for plant-disease control. In this study, we attempted to explore biological control agents for three fungal phytopathogens causing downy mildew, gray mold, and ripe rot in grapevines, which are derived from shoot xylem of grapevines. KOF112, which was isolated from the Japanese indigenous wine grape Vitis sp. cv. Koshu, inhibited mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Phytophthora infestans. The KOF112-inhibited mycelial tips were swollen or ruptured, suggesting that KOF112 produces antifungal substances. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed that KOF112 is a strain of Bacillus velezensis. Comparative genome analysis indicated significant differences in the synthesis of non-ribosomal synthesized antimicrobial peptides and polyketides between KOF112 and the antagonistic B. velezensis FZB42. KOF112 showed biocontrol activities against gray mold caused by B. cinerea, anthracnose by C. gloeosporioides, and downy mildew by Plasmopara viticola. In the KOF112–P. viticola interaction, KOF112 inhibited zoospore release from P. viticola zoosporangia but not zoospore germination. In addition, KOF112 drastically upregulated the expression of genes encoding class IV chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in grape leaves, suggesting that KOF112 also works as a biotic elicitor in grapevine. Because it is considered that endophytic KOF112 can colonize well in and/or on grapevine, KOF112 may contribute to pest-management strategies in viticulture and potentially reduce the frequency of chemical fungicide application.

Evaluation of bacteria isolated from rice for plant growth promotion and biological control of seedling disease of rice

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 916-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tika B Adhikari ◽  
C M Joseph ◽  
Guoping Yang ◽  
Donald A Phillips ◽  
Louise M Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Seedling Disease

Of 102 rhizoplane and endophytic bacteria isolated from rice roots and stems in California, 37% significantly (P [Formula: see text] 0.05) inhibited the growth in vitro of two pathogens, Achlya klebsiana and Pythium spinosum, causing seedling disease of rice. Four endophytic strains were highly effective against seedling disease in growth pouch assays, and these were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens (S3), Pseudomonas tolaasii (S20), Pseudomonas veronii (S21), and Sphingomonas trueperi (S12) by sequencing of amplified 16S rRNA genes. Strains S12, S20, and S21 contained the nitrogen fixation gene, nifD, but only S12 was able to reduce acetylene in pure culture. The four strains significantly enhanced plant growth in the absence of pathogens, as evidenced by increases in plant height and dry weight of inoculated rice seedlings relative to noninoculated rice. Three bacterial strains (S3, S20, and S21) were evaluated in pot bioassays and reduced disease incidence by 50%–73%. Strain S3 was as effective at suppressing disease at the lowest inoculum density (106 CFU/mL) as at higher density (108 CFU/mL or undiluted suspension). This study indicates that selected endophytic bacterial strains have potential for control of seedling disease of rice and for plant growth promotion.Key words: biological control, plant growth promotion, endophytes, rice, seedling disease.

scholarly journals Geological interpretation of the cosmic materials from the South of Western Siberia in connection with the petroleum potential of the sedimentary cover

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Andrew Belonosov ◽  
Anton Kudryavtsev ◽  
Sergey Sheshukov ◽  
Dmitry Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Geological Interpretation

In the South of Western Siberia oil-perspectivity Jurassic deposits are characterized by multi – and small-scale. The interpretation of earth remote sensing materials in the visible, near and far infrared ranges allowed to evaluate the oil potential of numerous domes and depressions on the basis of combining geodynamically stressed zones and calculating the physical characteristics of the earth's surface (albedo, radiation coefficient, thermal inertia, convective heat flow, daily evaporation of moisture, DEM, weather conditions, etc.), including the procedure of reference classification, where the standards are the nearest oil and gas condensate fields. The forecast boundary of “oil and gas condensate” lands of the South of Western Siberia is displaced to the latitude of u.v. Lebyazhye of the Eastern part of the Kurgan region.

scholarly journals SUSCEPTIBILITY OF LEMON BALM (Melissa officinalis L.) VARIETIES TO SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT (Septoria melissae Desm.) IN HUNGARY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Gergő Kovács ◽  
Éva Zámbori-Németh ◽  
Géza Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Septoria Leaf Spot

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) is a widely cultivated plant in Europe. Septoria melissae Desm. is the most important pathogen of lemon balm crops, which may cause serious yield loss by the severe leaf fall. As chemical control of the pathogen is restricted, alternative plant protection methods, like the use of tolerant varieties, should be taken under consideration. The goal of our work was to evaluate the susceptibility of three lemon balm varieties to Septoria leaf spot in field. The trials were carried out in 2016 and 2017 in Budapest-Soroksár, Hungary. Dynamics of infection showed characteristic sharp increase from the beginning of August in both years. The lowest infection levels were observed in cultivar ‘Lemona’. The disease incidence in the middle of August was 19% in the first year and 59% in the second year, while these values were over 40% and 70% in the other cultivars ‘Soroksári’ and ‘Quedlinburger Niederliegende’, respectively. The manifestation of symptomps was also significantly lighter on the ‘Lemona’ plants and they had the highest ratio of healthy leaves (81%) compared to the other cultivars. According to the data, weather conditions might modify the range of the differences among the cultivars. It was concluded that appropriate selection of varieties could be an effective and enviromental friendly plant protection method in the practice of lemon balm cultivation.

scholarly journals The Potensial of Fusarium sp. and Chaetomium sp. as Biological Control Agents of Five Broad-Leaf Weeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Endang Mugiastuti ◽  
Abdul Manan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Wedelia Trilobata ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Weeds are a major problem in crop cultivation, either in food crops, horticulture, plantations or forests and cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of production. Weed biocontrol, especially by using plant pathogenic fungi, has received attention but is still lacking in application. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of <em>Fusarium</em> sp. and <em>Chaetomium</em> sp. as biological control agents against five broad-leaf weeds (<em>Asystasia gangetica</em> L., <em>Ageratum conyzoides</em> L., <em>Synendrella nodiflora</em> (L.) Gaertn., <em>Wedelia trilobata</em> (L.) U.S. Hitchc. and <em>Amaranthus spinosus</em> L.). The variables observed were the incubation period, disease incidence, disease intensity, as well as weed fresh and dry weight. The results of this study showed that the two pathogenic fungi, <em>Fusarium</em> sp. and <em>Chaetomium</em> sp., can cause a more intensive disease in <em>A. conizoides</em> than <em>A. spinosus</em>. <em>A. gangetica</em>, <em>S. nodiflora</em> and <em>W. trilobata</em>; however, the fungi have not been able to inhibit the growth and kill the weeds. Therefore, improvement need to be done by modifying the media to increase the ability of fungi to control weeds.

scholarly journals BACTERIA FOR COTTON PLANT PROTECTION: DISEASE CONTROL, CROP YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY1

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
HENRIQUE MONTEIRO FERRO ◽  
RICARDO MAGELA DE SOUZA ◽  
FLAVIA MARA VIEIRA LELIS ◽  
JULIO CARLOS PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
FLÁVIO HENRIQUE VASCONCELOS DE MEDEIROS
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Paenibacillus Lentimorbus

ABSTRACT Ramulosis (Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides) is an important fungal disease of cotton in Brazil, exclusively controlled by fungicide application. Therefore, sustainable management of ramulosis is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of three bacterial strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (UFLA285), Bacillus velezensis (UFLA401), and Paenibacillus lentimorbus (MEN2), for the biocontrol of ramulosis in cotton and their effects on yield and fiber quality. Seed treatment (ST), foliar spray, and soil drenching application methods were used (separately or combined) under greenhouse and field conditions. Chemical treatments recommended against ramulosis and water were used as controls. Under greenhouse conditions all strains reduced the disease incidence. While B. velezensis UFLA401 and P. lentimorbus MEN2 reduced the incidence by 56.6% and 45.7%, respectively, independent of the application method, B. amyloliquefaciens UFLA285 reduced the disease by about 60% when applied as a foliar spray or ST + foliar spray. Two field trials were performed and all bacterial strains reduced ramulosis incidence. In the first year, B. velezensis UFLA401 sprayed on the plants reduced incidence by 22.3% and ST + two foliar sprays resulted in the best performance, decreasing ramulosis by 57%. In both seasons the yield increased by using either bacterial or chemical treatments compared to the water control. The combination B. velezensis UFLA401 and P. lentimorbus MEN2 sprays provided better fiber quality than chemical treatment. Therefore, Bacillus sp. (UFLA285 and UFLA401) and P. lentimorbus MEN2 are potential tools to reduce ramulosis, increase cotton yield and fiber quality.

scholarly journals Diversity of bacterial strains in biochar-enhanced Amazon soil and their potential for growth promotion and biological disease control in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-288
Author(s):  
Matheus Miranda CANIATO ◽  
Aricléia de Moraes CATARINO ◽  
Thiago Fernandes SOUSA ◽  
Gilvan Ferreira da SILVA ◽  
Karina Pryscilla de Araújo BICHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Iaa Production

ABSTRACT The use of bacteria in growth promotion and biological control of plant diseases can minimize environmental contamination caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. We aimed to evaluate growth promotion and biological control of Corynespora cassiicola in tomato seedlings mediated by beneficial bacteria isolated from a non-rhizospheric Amazon soil containing different amounts of biochar, and to identify to which groups of bacteria the strains belong. We obtained 200 strains of bacteria from experimental plots containing biochar doses of 0, 40, 80 and 120 t ha-1. Of these, 53 strains were selected by root colonization tests. Based on growth promotion parameters, 25 strains were screened, identified by molecular characterization and evaluated for indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization and biological control. The best dose of biochar for colony formation was 40 t ha-1, and a regression model indicated 34 t ha-1 as the optimal dose. The production of IAA was observed in 18 (75%) strains, and two (8%) strains were able to solubilize phosphate. The efficiency in root growth promotion was up to 125%, and the percentage of plant protection ranged from 50 to 59%. Molecular characterization showed that the bacteria used in this study belong to the genera Bacillus and Lysinibacillus.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strategies and Implementation of Biological Control of Fire Blight

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lindow ◽  
Shulamit Manulis ◽  
Dan Zutra ◽  
Dan Gaash
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Population Sizes

The main objective of this study was to develop data that would facilitate a consistently effective method of biological control of fire blight disease to be developed and to enable its implementation for disease control by ensuring its compatibility with variations in the biological, environmental, and chemical conditions present in pear orchards. As considerable information on the pathogen and biological control of fire blight was already gathered from studies in California and elsewhere, an emphasis was placed on investigating the genetics and ecology of Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in Israel. Studies of plasmid profile, virulence on several host, serological characteristics, as well as DNA fingerprints with selected primers all revealed E. amylovora strains in Israel to be homogeneous. Strains did vary in their resistance to streptomycin, with those from more northern locations being resistant while those in the southern costal plain were all sensitive to streptomycin. Resistance appeared to be conferred by chromosomal mutations as in streptomycin-resistant strains in California. The biological control agent Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 colonized flowers of both the Costia and Spodona pear cultivars in Israel as well as Bartlett pear in California. Flowers that were open at the time of spray inoculation of trees subsequently harbored from 105 to 107 cells of strain A506 per flower, while those that opened subsequent to spraying developed population sizes of about 105 cells/flower within 5 days. The incidence of fire blight infections were reduced about 3-fold in several trials in which moderate amounts of disease occurred in the plot areas; this degree of biological control is similar to that observed in California and elsewhere. On two occasions warm and moist weather that favored disease led to epidemics in which nearly all flowers became infected and which was so severe that neither P. fluorescens strain A506 nor chemical bactericides reduced disease incidence. A novel method for identifying antagonistic microorganisms for biological control of fire blight and other diseases was developed. A bacterial ice nucleation gene was introduced into E. amylovora to confer an Ice+ phenotype and the population sizes of this modified pathogen on flowers that had been pre-treated with potential control agents was estimated by measuring the freezing temperature of colonized flowers. Antagonistic strains that prevented the growth of E. amylovora in flowers were readily detected as those in which flowers froze at a low temperature. The method is both rapid and unbiased and several bacterial strains with substantial biological control potential have been identified using this method.

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