BACTERIA FOR COTTON PLANT PROTECTION: DISEASE CONTROL, CROP YIELD AND FIBER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT Ramulosis (Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides) is an important fungal disease of cotton in Brazil, exclusively controlled by fungicide application. Therefore, sustainable management of ramulosis is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of three bacterial strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (UFLA285), Bacillus velezensis (UFLA401), and Paenibacillus lentimorbus (MEN2), for the biocontrol of ramulosis in cotton and their effects on yield and fiber quality. Seed treatment (ST), foliar spray, and soil drenching application methods were used (separately or combined) under greenhouse and field conditions. Chemical treatments recommended against ramulosis and water were used as controls. Under greenhouse conditions all strains reduced the disease incidence. While B. velezensis UFLA401 and P. lentimorbus MEN2 reduced the incidence by 56.6% and 45.7%, respectively, independent of the application method, B. amyloliquefaciens UFLA285 reduced the disease by about 60% when applied as a foliar spray or ST + foliar spray. Two field trials were performed and all bacterial strains reduced ramulosis incidence. In the first year, B. velezensis UFLA401 sprayed on the plants reduced incidence by 22.3% and ST + two foliar sprays resulted in the best performance, decreasing ramulosis by 57%. In both seasons the yield increased by using either bacterial or chemical treatments compared to the water control. The combination B. velezensis UFLA401 and P. lentimorbus MEN2 sprays provided better fiber quality than chemical treatment. Therefore, Bacillus sp. (UFLA285 and UFLA401) and P. lentimorbus MEN2 are potential tools to reduce ramulosis, increase cotton yield and fiber quality.

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Effects of sowing time on pink snow mould, leaf rust and winter damage in winter rye varieties in Finland

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.2137/145960605775897696 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 362 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. SERENIUS ◽

E. HUUSELA-VEISTOLA ◽

H. AVIKAINEN

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Field Trials ◽

First Year ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Sowing Time ◽

Pink Snow Mould ◽

Snow Mould ◽

In The Beginning

Disease infection in relation to sowing time of winter rye (Secale cereale) was studied in southern Finland in order to compare overwintering capacity of modern rye varieties and to give recommendations for rye cultivation. This was done by using three sowing times and four rye varieties in field trials conducted at three locations in 19992001. The early sown rye (beginning of August) was severely affected by diseases caused by Puccinia recondita and Microdochium nivale, whereas postponing sowing for two weeks after the recommended sowing time resulted in considerably less infection. The infection levels of diseases differed among rye varieties. Finnish rye varieties Anna and Bor 7068 were more resistant to snow mould and more winter hardy than the Polish variety Amilo, or the German hybrid varieties Picasso and Esprit. However, Amilo was the most resistant to leaf rust. In the first year snow mould appeared to be the primary cause of winter damage, but in the second year the winter damage was positively correlated with leaf rust. No significant correlation between frit fly infestation and winter damage or disease incidence of snow mould or leaf rust was established. The late sowing of rye (in the beginning of September) is recommended in Finland, particularly with hybrid varieties, to minimize the need for chemical plant protection in autumn.;

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Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionis in Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults

Arab Journal Of Plant Protection ◽

10.22268/ajpp-39.4.268272 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 268-272

Author(s):

Mazen Bufaur ◽

◽

Safwat Al-Gkhami ◽

Rami Bou Hamdan ◽

Waed Ghanem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

First Year ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Second Year

Bufaur, M., S. Al-Gkhami, R. Bohamdan, W. Ghanem and M. Dawara. 2021. Determination of the Maximum Appearance Period of Capnodis tendebrionisin Al-Sweida-Syria Governorate and Testing the Efficacy of Some Pesticides on the Pest Adults. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-39.4.268272 A weekly adults collection of Capnodis tendebrionis L. (Buprestidae; Coleoptera) was conducted for two seasons (2018, 2019) to determine the maximum insect adults appearance period. Early adult appearance was recorded in the first year in warm-dry months as compared to the second year in cold-wet months. Maximum insect adults appearance was recorded at the end of April during the first season and at the end of May in the second season. A field experiment was carried out to test the efficacy of some pesticides on controlling pest adults: Deltamethrin, 100g/l, Chlorpyriphos-ethyl 48% and Acetamiprid 20% as a foliar spray, and Deltamethrin 0.25% as dusting powder around the stem, in addition to the control. Results obtained showed that Chlorpyriphos-ethyl and the two Deltamethrin treatments were the best on adults and with significant differences compared with Acetamiprid treatment following the first and the second week after spraying in 2018, and the Deltamethrin as dusting powder and Chlorpyriphos-ethyl treatments were the best and with significant differences compared to other treatments were observed. Using Deltamethrin as dusting powder around the stem was highly efficient during three weeks after spraying as compared with other treatments in the two years. Keywords: Capnodis tendebrionis L., Maximum adult appearance period, Deltamethrin, Chlorpyriphos- ethyl and Acetamiprid

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The study of the antagonistic and growth-stimulating characteristics of Bacillus subtilis strains, promising for the development of the effective biofungicides

Agricultural science Euro-North-East ◽

10.30766/2072-9081.2020.21.3.263-272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 263-272

Author(s):

A. M. Asaturova ◽

T. M. Sidorova ◽

N. S. Tomashevich ◽

N. A. Zhevnova ◽

A. I. Khomyak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Liquid Culture ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Wheat Variety ◽

Field Tests ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Field Trials ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Water Control

In the period from 2012 to 2015 on Kalym winter wheat variety plants there were carried out field tests of the liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336g and BZR 517 strains isolated from natural sources that exhibit antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and are also able to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and two preventive treatments during the growing season of the plants were carried out with the liquid culture of the strains. Comparison variants - treatment with water (control), with chemical (Raxil, KS; Alto Super, KS) and with biological (Fitosporin-M, L) standards. Biological efficacy against the complex of fusarium root rots was noted in the shooting stage of winter wheat and during ripening, and in some years reached 22.8 % for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 17.2 % for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. In variants with presowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants with B. subtilis BZR 336g strain for three years of field trials the yield was from 5.0 to 7.4 t / ha, and when treated with B. subtilis BZR 517 strain - from 4.2 to 7.6 t / ha. The maximum additional yield was obtained in 2013 - a reliable yield increase was 1.6 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 0.8 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. The ability of liquid cultures of the studied strains to protect winter wheat against harmful diseases at the same level and above the biological and chemical standards will help to expand the range of microbial biological products in the segment of the Russian market of environmentally friendly plant protection products.

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Biological control of important fungal diseases of potato and raspberry by two Bacillus velezensis strains

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11578

Author(s):

Anzhela Asaturova ◽

Margarita Shternshis ◽

Vera Tsvetkova ◽

Tatyana Shpatova ◽

Vladislava Maslennikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Small Scale ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Red Raspberry ◽

Bacillus Velezensis

Stem canker and black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani are the important diseases in potato, while spur blight caused by Didymella applanata is a major disease in red raspberry. In Western Siberia, both crops are grown predominantly in small-scale farming that requires maximal usage of biological products for plant protection instead of chemicals. We evaluated two promising Bacillus velezensis strains BZR 336 g and BZR 517 isolated in the south of Russia (45°1′N, 38°59′E) for their biological control potentials against the potato and red raspberry diseases under the more severe weather conditions of Western Siberia (55°1′N, 82°55′ E). We tested two techniques to apply biocontrol agents: (1) coating the seeds (potato tubers) and (2) spraying over the plants (raspberry canes). In each case, we estimated B. velezensis strains on two plant cultivars differed by the disease resistance. The degree of B. velezensis influence on disease incidence and severity depended on the bacterial strain, the protected plant, and its cultivar. We also demonstrated that two B. velezensis strains significantly stimulated plant growth of potato, which contributed to the plant productivity on both cultivars. The BZR 336 g strain affected the potato productivity more than the BZR 517 strain. Under the influence of both bacterial strains, raspberry yield was significantly higher compared to the control on the susceptible cultivar. These findings indicated that two southern B. velezensis strains had proved their efficacy as biological control agents in the control of the serious fungal infection of potato and raspberry plants under the more severe ecological conditions of Western Siberia. For the first time, we demonstrated B. velezensis strains potential for use as biological control agents against R. solani on potato, and against D. applanata on red raspberry.

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In-Furrow Applications of Metalaxyl and Phosphite for Control of Pink Rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of Potato in New Brunswick, Canada

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-10-1305 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (10) ◽

pp. 1305-1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Khalil I. Al-Mughrabi ◽

Rick D. Peters ◽

H. W. (Bud) Platt ◽

Gilles Moreau ◽

Appanna Vikram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Brunswick ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Field Trials ◽

Russet Burbank ◽

Viable Option ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Pink Rot ◽

Phytophthora Erythroseptica ◽

Sensitive Isolate ◽

The Mean

The efficacy of metalaxyl-m (Ridomil Gold 480EC) and phosphite (Phostrol) applied at planting in-furrow against pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Shepody’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ was evaluated in field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada. Inoculum made from a metalaxyl-m-sensitive isolate of P. erythroseptica from New Brunswick was applied either in-furrow as a vermiculite slurry at planting or as a zoospore drench in soils adjacent to potato plants in late August. After harvest, the number and weight of tubers showing pink rot symptoms were assessed and expressed as percentages of the total tuber number and total weight of tubers. Metalaxyl-m applied in-furrow was significantly more effective against pink rot than phosphite. The mean percentage of diseased tubers as a percentage of total tuber weight was 1.5% (2005) and 1.2% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 9.6% (2005) and 2.8% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots, a percentage similar to that obtained in inoculated control plots with no fungicide treatment. The mean percentage of diseased tubers expressed as a percentage of the total number of tubers was 1.7% (2005) and 1.3% (2006) for metalaxyl-m-treated plots and 10.1% (2005) and 3.1% (2006) for phosphite-treated plots. Disease incidence was significantly higher using the late-season inoculation technique (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 9.9 and 3.8% diseased tubers, by weight, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than with the in-furrow inoculation method (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.3 and 0.7% by weight, and 3.7 and 1.3%, by number). The potato cv. Shepody was significantly more susceptible to pink rot (9.9 and 3.3% diseased tubers, by weight, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, and 10.6 and 3.9%, by number) than Russet Burbank (respective means in 2005 and 2006 were 3.4,% and 1.2%, by weight, and 3.7,% and 1.2%, by number). Our findings indicate that metalaxyl applied in-furrow at planting is a viable option for control of pink rot caused by metalaxyl-sensitive strains of P. erythroseptica, whereas phosphite was ineffective.

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Selection of cotton lines for high oil content

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2017000700007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 530-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luiz Paulo de Carvalho ◽

Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues ◽

Francisco José Correia Farias

Keyword(s):

Oil Content ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Field Trials ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

Expected Gain ◽

High Heritability ◽

Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil content and characters related to fiber quality and yield in cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum), in order to select genotypes with high oil content and acceptable levels of the other characters. Twenty-two F6 lines and three checks were cultivated in three field trials - two in the municipality of Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in the municipality of Barbalha, in the state of Ceará, both in Brazil. The genetic parameters and the genetic gain from selecting 20% of the lines were estimated according to their means in each environment and in the group of environments. Regarding oil content, there is genetic variability, and the selection based on the overall mean is indicated, since this character showed high heritability, with 4.58% expected gain. The lines selected with this criterion have oil contents between 23.52 and 24.51%, which are higher than those of the Brazilian cultivar BRS Aroeira with the highest grain oil content (22.04%).

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Characterization of Antagonistic Bacillus methylotrophicus Isolated From Rhizosphere and Its Biocontrol Effects on Maize Stalk Rot

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-07-18-0220-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 571-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xingkai Cheng ◽

Xiaoxue Ji ◽

Yanzhen Ge ◽

Jingjing Li ◽

Wenzhe Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Field Trials ◽

Control Measures ◽

Disease Suppression ◽

Effective Control ◽

Stalk Rot ◽

Bacillus Methylotrophicus ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Potential Biocontrol Agent

Stalk rot is one of the most serious and widespread diseases in maize, and effective control measures are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new biological agent to manage this disease. An antagonistic bacterial strain, TA-1, was isolated from rhizosphere soil and identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus based on morphological and biochemical characterization and 16S ribosomal RNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses. TA-1 exhibited a strong antifungal effect on the growth of Fusarium graminearum mycelium, with 86.3% inhibition at a concentration of 108 CFU per ml. Transmission electron microscopy showed that TA-1 could disrupt the cellular structure of the fungus, induce necrosis, and degrade the cell wall. Greenhouse and field trials were performed to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of TA-1 on maize stalk rot, and the results of greenhouse experiment revealed that the bacterium significantly reduced disease incidence and disease index. Seeds treated with a 108 CFU ml−1 cell suspension had the highest disease suppression at 86.8%. Results of field trials show that seed bacterization with TA-1 could not only reduce maize stalk rot incidence but also increase maize height, stem diameter, and grain yield. The lipopeptide antibiotics were isolated from the culture supernatants of TA-1 and identified as surfactins and iturins. Consequently, B. methylotrophicus TA-1 is a potential biocontrol agent against maize stalk rot.

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Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.543 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 543-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. J. Sayler ◽

S. M. Southwick ◽

J. T. Yeager ◽

K. Glozer ◽

E. L. Little ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Mortality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Field Trials ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Prunus Cerasifera ◽

Disease Pressure

Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.

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Amelioration of subsurface acidity in sandy soils in low rainfall regions .2. Changes to soil solution composition following the surface application of gypsum and lime

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9940847 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 847 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

CDA Mclay ◽

GSP Ritchie ◽

WM Porter ◽

A Cruse

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Ion Pairs ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Field Trials ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

First Year ◽

Solution Composition

Two field trials were sampled to investigate the changes to soil solution chemical properties of a yellow sandplain soil with an acidic subsoil following the application of gypsum and lime to the soil surface in 1989. The soils were sandy textured and located in a region of low annual rainfall (300-350 mm). Soil was sampled annually to a depth of 1 m and changes in soil solution composition were estimated by extraction of the soil with 0.005 M KCl. Gypsum leaching caused calcium (Ca), sulfate (SO4) and the ionic strength to increase substantially in both topsoil and subsoil by the end of the first year. Continued leaching in the second year caused these properties to decrease by approximately one-half in the topsoil. Gypsum appeared to have minimal effect on pH or total Al (Al-T), although the amount of Al present as toxic monomeric Al decreased and the amount present as non-toxic AlSO+4 ion pairs increased. Magnesium (Mg) was displaced from the topsoil by gypsum and leached to a lower depth in the subsoil. In contrast, lime caused pH to increase and Al to decrease substantially in the topsoil, but relatively little change to any soil solution properties was observed in the subsoil. There was an indication that more lime may have leached in the presence of gypsum in the first year after application at one site. Wheat yields were best related to the soil acidity index Al-T/EC (where EC is electrical conductivity of a 1:5 soil:water extract), although the depth at which the relationship was strongest in the subsoil varied between sites. The ratio Al-T/EC was strongly correlated with the activity of monomeric Al species (i.e. the sum of the activities of Al3+, AlOH2+ and Al(OH)+2 in the soil solution. An increase in the concentration of sulfate in the subsoil solution (which increased the ionic strength, thereby decreasing the activity of Al3+, and also increased the amount of Al present as the AlSO+4 ion pair) was probably the most important factor decreasing Al toxicity to wheat. The results indicated that gypsum could be used to increase wheat growth in aluminium toxic subsoils in sandy soils of low rainfall regions and that a simple soil test could be used to predict responses.

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EFFECT OF BACILLUS GINSENGIHUMI M2.11 AND PANTOEA BRENNERI AS3 ON PLANT BIOMASS GROWTH AND SEED GERMINATION ENERGY

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽

10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-1-49-55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55

Author(s):

D.L. Itkina ◽

◽

L.V. Sokolnikova ◽

A.D. Suleimanova ◽

M.R. Sharipova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Development ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Average Length ◽

Culture Fluid ◽

Plant Protection Products ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Active Metabolites

In the modern conditions of agricultural development, the use of microbiological preparations as an alternative to mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products is gaining wide interest and practical significance. Soil microorganisms have the ability to interact with the root system of plants, optimize mineral nutrition, synthesize growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of cultivated crops, increasing their resistance to phytopathogens and stress. The search for environmentally friendly technologies, the use of enzymes and active metabolites of bacterial origin, or the use of bacterial strains that promote plant growth is a promising direction. The effect of culture fluid of Bacillus ginsengihumi and Pantoea brenneri on the average length of the plant stem was studied. When processing wheat seeds of P. brenner AS3, the length of the first leaf increased by 50%, and B. ginsengihumi M2.11 by 25%.

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