scholarly journals Global warming and neurological practice: systematic review

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11941
Author(s):  
Moshgan Amiri ◽  
Costanza Peinkhofer ◽  
Marwan H. Othman ◽  
Teodoro De Vecchi ◽  
Vardan Nersesjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Background Climate change, including global warming, will cause poorer global health and rising numbers of environmental refugees. As neurological disorders account for a major share of morbidity and mortality worldwide, global warming is also destined to alter neurological practice; however, to what extent and by which mechanisms is unknown. We aimed to collect information about the effects of ambient temperatures and human migration on the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of neurological disorders. Methods We searched PubMed and Scopus from 01/2000 to 12/2020 for human studies addressing the influence of ambient temperatures and human migration on Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimer’s dementia, epilepsy, headache/migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and tick-borne encephalitis (a model disease for neuroinfections). The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (2020 CRD42020147543). Results Ninety-three studies met inclusion criteria, 84 of which reported on ambient temperatures and nine on migration. Overall, most temperature studies suggested a relationship between increasing temperatures and higher mortality and/or morbidity, whereas results were more ambiguous for migration studies. However, we were unable to identify a single adequately designed study addressing how global warming and human migration will change neurological practice. Still, extracted data indicated multiple ways by which these aspects might alter neurological morbidity and mortality soon. Conclusion Significant heterogeneity exists across studies with respect to methodology, outcome measures, confounders and study design, including lack of data from low-income countries, but the evidence so far suggests that climate change will affect the practice of all major neurological disorders in the near future. Adequately designed studies to address this issue are urgently needed, requiring concerted efforts from the entire neurological community.

scholarly journals Global Warming and Neurological Practice: Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Peinkhofer ◽  
M Amiri ◽  
MH Othman ◽  
T De Vecchi ◽  
V Nersesjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Available Information

ABSTRACTBackgroundClimate change, including global warming, is expected to cause poorer global health and a rise in the number of environmental refugees. As neurological disorders account for a major share of worldwide morbidity and mortality, climate change and global warming are also destined to alter neurological practice; however, to what extent and by which mechanisms is unknown. We aimed to collect the available information on the effects of ambient temperatures and human migration on the epidemiological and clinical manifestations of major neurological disorders.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Scopus from January 1, 2000 to November 30, 2020 for human studies published in English addressing the influence of ambient temperatures and human migration on Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimer’s dementia, epilepsy, headache and migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and tick-borne encephalitis (as a model disease for neuroinfections). The protocol was pre-registered at PROSPERO (2020 CRD42020147543).Results101 studies met inclusion criteria, but we were unable to identify a single study addressing how global warming and human migration will change neurological practice. Still, extracted data suggested multiple ways by which these aspects might alter neurological morbidity and mortality in the future.ConclusionSignificant heterogeneity exists across studies with respect to methodology, outcome measures, control of confounders and study design, but there is enough evidence to suggest climate change will affect the neurological practice of all major neurological disorders. Adequately designed studies to address this issue are urgently needed, which will require concerted efforts from the neurological community.

Anthropogenic climate change and health in the Global South

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1252
Author(s):  
C. D. Butler ◽  
I. C. Hanigan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Global South ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Excessive Heat

This paper explores evidence relevant to the hypothesis that human-generated climate change (global warming) is already, and will increasingly, add to the existing burden of disadvantage experienced by populations in low-income countries, the ‘Global South'. Well recognised health manifestations of global warming include from heatwaves and other extreme weather events, changes to infectious disease patterns, and undernutrition, arising from higher food prices, reduced food availability and reduced nutrient concentrations of many foods. These effects have been called ‘primary' and ‘secondary'. Although these manifestations will have effects globally, their biggest impact on health is and will be upon poor and vulnerable populations in low-income settings. Also well recognised, manual labourers are increasingly vulnerable from excessive heat and humidity. There is less recognition that climate change interacts with social and political determinants of health, contributing to ‘tertiary' health consequences including conflict, forced migration and famine. In turn, these effects may deepen poverty traps in the Global South. Human-generated climate change is principally caused by the policies and lifestyles of populations in high-income countries (the Global North). The recent recognition by the British government that climate change is an emergency is encouraging, and may help motivate the widespread global behavioural changes that are needed to reduce the many risks from global warming, including to the people of the South.

scholarly journals 1707. Clinical Profile of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection in Pediatric Population in a Referral Hospital in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S836-S837
Author(s):  
Juliana Mejia- Mertel ◽  
Juan P Rojas -Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Virus Type ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Type I ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus

Abstract Background The Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), affects around ten to twenty million people worldwide, predominantly in intertropical regions (Africa, Japan, Melanesia, Australia, and South America Pacific Coast). The most common disorders associated are T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ALT) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). Studies have reported other clinical manifestations in HTLV-1, still studies are needed in pediatric population to improve diagnosis and treatment of infected patients. Methods Descriptive, retrospective cohort study, conducted in our referral pediatric hospital in Cali, Colombia. Included pediatric patients (1 to 18 years of age) diagnosed with HTLV-1 infection, between January 2017 to March 2020. Results Twelve patients were included, seven males and five females. Eleven patients were from and resided in the Colombian Pacific coast. Ten patients showed nutritional deficiencies. None showed clinical or laboratory signs of ALT, neither neurological symptoms or physical exam suggesting HAM. In terms of associated diseases and opportunistic infections, none had a positive HIV ELISA test, and stool tests were all negative for Strongiloydes. Four presented infective dermatitis, and two showed lesions suggesting scabies. Eight patients presented respiratory symptoms with chest CT scans showing signs of chronic inflammation, bronchiectasis, and subpleural bullae as the major findings. Additional tests were carried out in bronchoalveolar fluid, four had positive galactomannan test,suggesting pulmonary aspergillosis, two exhibited positive gene PCR testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Regarding inflammatory diseases, one patient presented with symptoms of Inflammatory Bowl Disease, with biopsy confirming Crohn’s disease. Another patient presente abrupt vision loss, diagnosed with Vogt Koyanagi Hadara Syndrome after ophthalmological evaluation. Summary features HTLV-1 patients Ground-glass opacity diffusely distributed in both lungs with multiple bronchiectasis involving predominantly lung bases. Cystic images diffusely distributed in both lungs, some subpleural and other centrilobular. Conclusion It is important to consider alternative manifestations of HTLV-1 infection in the pediatric population, including pulmonary disease, opportunistic co-infections, and inflammatory disorders. It is crucial to diagnose this disease in childhood to reach a better control of this neglected infection that affects predominantly vulnerable population in low-income countries. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Can ‘poor’ cities breathe: Responses to climate change in low-income countries

Urban Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikramaditya K. Choudhary ◽  
Arun Kumar Tripathi ◽  
Jeetesh Rai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries

Climate Change And Food Security In Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Pant
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Government

Climate change is posing a threat on present and future food security in low income countries. But, the actual effect of the climate change on food security is not known. Using secondary data reported by the government, the paper examines the effects of climate change on food security in Nepal in the context of policies of commercialization of farm production. Statistical analysis is used to delineate the situation of food security in the country and regression analysis for exploring the effects of global warming on domestic production of major cereals. The results are discussed at global, national, household and individual levels empirically and qualitatively. The results suggest that a rise in minimum temperature decreases the productivity of rice increasing threat of food insecurity. The paper suggests some policy measures for improving food security situation in the country and open up some areas for further research. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:13, Jun.2012, Page 9-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v13i0.7582

The intractability of loss and damage issues in climate negotiations

Soundings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (78) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Md Fahad Hossain ◽  
Saleemul Huq ◽  
Mizan R. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Climate Regime ◽  
Climate Negotiations ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues

The impacts of human-induced climate change are manifested through losses and damages incurred due to the increasing frequency and intensity of climatic disasters all over the world. Low-income countries who have contributed the least in causing climate change, and have low financial capability, are the worst victims of this. However, since the inception of the international climate regime under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), loss and damage has been a politically charged issue. It took about two decades of pushing by the vulnerable developing countries for the agenda to formally anchor in the climate negotiations text. This was further solidified through establishment of the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) and inclusion of stand-alone Article 8 on loss and damage in the Paris Agreement. Its institutionalisation has only done the groundwork of addressing loss and damage however - the key issue of finance for loss and damage and other matters has remained largely unresolved to date – particularly since Article 8 does not have any provision for finance. This has been due to the climate change-causing wealthy developed nations' utter disregard for their formal obligations in the climate regime as well as their moral obligation. In this article, we tease out the central controversies that underpin the intractability of this agenda at the negotiations of the UNFCCC. We begin by giving a walk-through of the concept and history of loss and damage in the climate regime. Then we present a brief account of losses and damages occurring in the face of rising temperature, and highlight the key issues of contention, focusing on the more recent developments. Finally, we conclude by suggesting some way forward for the twenty-sixth session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP26) taking place in Glasgow, UK in November 2021.

scholarly journals Nutrition from a climate change perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Macdiarmid ◽  
S. Whybrow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Sustainable Diets ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Climate change is threatening future global food and nutrition security. Limiting the increase in global temperature to 1·5 °C set out in The Paris Agreement (2015) while achieving nutrient security means overhauling the current food system to create one that can deliver healthy and sustainable diets. To attain this, it is critical to understand the implications for nutrition of actions to mitigate climate change as well as the impacts of climate change on food production and the nutrient composition of foods. It is widely recognised that livestock production has a much greater environmental burden than crop production, and therefore advice is to reduce meat consumption. This has triggered concern in some sectors about a lack of protein in diets, which hence is driving efforts to find protein replacements. However, in most high- and middle-income countries, protein intakes far exceed dietary requirements and it would even if all meat were removed from diets. Reduction in micronutrients should be given more attention when reducing meat. Simply eating less meat does not guarantee healthier or more sustainable diets. Climate change will also affect the type, amount and nutrient quality of food that can be produced. Studies have shown that increased temperature and elevated CO2 levels can reduce the nutrient density of some staple crops, which is of particular concern in low-income countries. Nutrition from a climate change perspective means considering the potential consequences of any climate action on food and nutrition security. In this paper, we discuss these issues from an interdisciplinary perspective.

scholarly journals Developing obstetric medicine training in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rojas-Suarez ◽  
Niza Suarez ◽  
Oier Ateka-Barrutia
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Obstetric Medicine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Maternal mortality is an important indicator of health in populations around the world. The distribution of maternal mortality ratio globally shows that middle- and low-income countries have ∼99% of the mortality burden. Most countries of Latin America are considered to be middle- or low-income countries, as well as areas of major inequities among the different social classes. Medical problems in pregnancy remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this region. Previous data indicate the need for a call to action for adequate diagnosis and care of medical diseases in obstetric care. The impact of nonobstetric and medical pathologies on maternal mortality in Latin America is largely unknown. In Latin America, two educational initiatives have been proposed to improve skills in maternity care. The Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics (ALSO®) was first started to address obstetric emergencies, and subsequently adapted for low-middle-income country settings as the Global ALSO®. In parallel, the Latin American obstetric anesthesia community has progressively focused on improvement of several intrapartum/intraoperative issues, which has secondarily taken them to embrace the obstetric medicine area on interest and join the former initiatives. In the present review, we summarize the available data regarding medical morbidity and mortality in pregnancy in Latin America, as well as the challenges, achievements, issues, initiatives, and future directions encouraging maternal health educators, health care trainers, and physicians in middle- and low-income countries, such as many Latin American ones, to improve and/or change attitudes, if needed, on current clinical practice.

ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES: LESSONS FROM CURRENT RESEARCH AND NEEDS FROM FUTURE RESEARCH

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250005 ◽  
Author(s):  
ARUN S. MALIK ◽  
STEPHEN C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Autonomous Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Decision ◽  
Planned Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship

We put in perspective the papers in this special issue by characterizing different forms of adaptation to climate change and discussing the role of adaptation in a developing country context. We highlight adaptation decision-making under uncertainty, empirics of autonomous adaptation, and data and methodological challenges. We identify unresolved questions, emphasizing interactions between autonomous and planned adaptation, adaptation externalities, and the relationship between adaptation and conflict.

scholarly journals Atopic Dermatitis: Global Epidemiology and Risk Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Nutten
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Global Epidemiology

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease posing a significant burden on health-care resources and patients' quality of life. It is a complex disease with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations and combinations of symptoms. AD affects up to 20% of children and up to 3% of adults; recent data show that its prevalence is still increasing, especially in low-income countries. First manifestations of AD usually appear early in life and often precede other allergic diseases such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. Individuals affected by AD usually have genetically determined risk factors affecting the skin barrier function or the immune system. However, genetic mutations alone might not be enough to cause clinical manifestations of AD, and it is merely the interaction of a dysfunctional epidermal barrier in genetically predisposed individuals with harmful effects of environmental agents which leads to the development of the disease. AD has been described as an allergic skin disease, but today, the contribution of allergic reactions to the initiation of AD is challenged, and it is proposed that allergy is rather a consequence of AD in subjects with a concomitant underlying atopic constitution. Treatment at best achieves symptom control rather than cure; there is thus a strong need to identify alternatives for disease prevention.

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