scholarly journals Morpho-histological characterisation of the alimentary canal of an important food fish, Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathiresan Purushothaman ◽  
Doreen Lau ◽  
Jolly M. Saju ◽  
Syed Musthaq SK ◽  
Declan Patrick Lunny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Asian Seabass ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Food Fish ◽  
Mucus Cells

Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is a food fish of increasing aquaculture importance. In order to improve our understanding on the digestive system and feeding of this species, morphological and histological features of the gut were studied. Morphologically, the Asian seabass gut is defined by a short and muscular esophagus, well-developed stomach and comparatively short intestine. Mucous secreting goblet cells reactive to PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) and AB (Alcian Blue) stain were present throughout the esophagus. The stomach was sac-like and could be distinguished into the cardiac, fundic and pyloric regions. Gastric glands and mucus cells were predominately present in the cardiac and fundic regions. Five finger-like pyloric caeca were present between the stomach and intestine. The intestine was a short, tubular structure with no morphological differences between the various regions. Histologically, the intestinal regions were similar, the main difference being in the number of goblet cells that increased from anterior to posterior intestine, with 114 ± 9, 153 ± 7 and 317 ± 21 goblet cells in the anterior, mid and posterior regions, respectively. The intestinal epithelium stained positively for PAS, but the staining was stronger for acidic glycoproteins. The rectum was similar to intestine, except for increased goblet cell numbers (anterior rectum: 529 ± 26; posterior rectum: 745 ± 29). Gut morpho-histology did not respond to salinity changes, however, there was a significant reduction of mucosal height, goblet cell numbers and muscularis thickness upon food deprivation.

Epithelial response to intestinal anaphylaxis in rats: goblet cell secretion and enterocyte damage

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. G632-G637 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Perdue ◽  
J. F. Forstner ◽  
N. W. Roomi ◽  
D. G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Ige Mediated

The effects of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions on the intestinal epithelium were examined during intestinal anaphylaxis in the rat. Rats sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of egg albumin (EA) plus alum developed high serum titers of IgE anti-EA antibodies after 14 days; sham-treated littermate controls had no anti-EA antibodies. Two isolated loops of jejunum were prepared in vivo in anesthetized rats. The loops were injected with EA in saline or saline alone, and intraluminal contents of each loop were examined after 4 h. Mucosal histamine decreased in sensitized rat intestine exposed to EA. Luminal mucin, measured by radioimmunoassay, was not increased by antigen challenge. In contrast, DNA, protein, and sucrase activities were elevated in contents from the isolated segments exposed to EA in sensitized rats. Histology revealed that periodic acid-Schiff-stained material was contained in goblet cells in sections prepared from these segments after antigen exposure. Cellular debris was present over the tips of the villi. These findings suggest that IgE-mediated reactions in the intestine cause epithelial damage and loss of material from cells other than goblet cells. The results indicate that release of goblet cell mucus is not a feature of intestinal anaphylaxis.

Agarose plug instillation causes goblet cell metaplasia by activating EGF receptors in rat airways

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. L185-L192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heung-Man Lee ◽  
Kiyoshi Takeyama ◽  
Karim Dabbagh ◽  
James A. Lausier ◽  
Iris F. Ueki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Egf Receptors ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Goblet Cell Metaplasia

We hypothesized that foreign bodies in airways cause inflammation leading to goblet cell metaplasia. Instilled agarose plugs lodged in the bronchi of pathogen-free rats caused a time-dependent increase in Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining that was detected within 24 h and markedly increased at 72 h. Control bronchi contained no pregoblet or goblet cells, but plugged bronchi contained many pregoblet and goblet cells and a decrease in nongranulated secretory cells. In situ hybridization showed no expression of MUC5AC in control airways, but plugged airways showed a marked expression. Control bronchi showed sparse staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, but plugged bronchi showed intense EGFR staining in the epithelium. Pretreatment with an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BIBX1522) prevented Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff staining and MUC5AC gene expression in plugged bronchi. Pretreatment with tumor necrosis factor-α neutralizing antibody or pretreatment with cyclophosphamide abolished plug-induced EGFR protein expression and goblet cell metaplasia. Thus instillation of agarose plugs induces profound goblet cell metaplasia by causing EGFR expression and activation.

Goblet Cell Density of the Inferior Turbinates in Patients with Perennial Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilead Berger ◽  
Zvi Marom ◽  
Dov Ophir
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Nonallergic Rhinitis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Goblet Cell Density

Nasal mucus production is regulated by submucosal glands and epithelial goblet cells. The role and especially the number of the latter are quite debatable. The present study compares the distribution and density of goblet cells in the inferior turbinates of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis to normal controls. The periodic acid Schiff-alcian blue whole-mount method was used to identify and count their number. Goblet cell distribution was found nonhomogeneous, and considerable variations were observed among adjacent localities of the same specimen. The mean number of goblet cells per mm2 was 6499 in normal controls (n = 12), 6818 in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (n = 13), and 6801 in patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis (n = 18). Statistical analysis confirmed that the density of goblet cells did not differ significantly between patients with and without allergy, as well as between each group of patients and controls. Therefore, it could be concluded that the number of goblet cells in the inferior turbinate is not influenced by the presence of perennial allergic or nonallergic rhinitis.

Effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor on LPS-induced goblet cell metaplasia

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. L127-L133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je Hyeong Kim ◽  
Sung Yong Lee ◽  
Sang Myeon Bak ◽  
In Bum Suh ◽  
Sang Yeub Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neutrophilic Infiltration ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucus Hypersecretion ◽  
Egfr Expression

Bacterial infections of the lung are known to induce inflammatory responses, which lead to mucus hypersecretion. Moreover, mucin synthesis in the airways has been reported to be regulated by neutrophilic inflammation-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and its activation. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-9, have been reported to promote the transmigration of activated neutrophils. In this study, we investigated the associations between lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced goblet cell (GC) metaplasia and EGFR expression and the effects of MMP inhibitor (MMPI). Various concentrations of LPS were instilled into the tracheas of pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats, and airways were examined at different times after LPS instillation. To examine the role of MMP-9, we treated rats 3 days before LPS instillation and daily thereafter with MMPI. Neutrophilic infiltration, Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff (AB/PAS) staining, and immunohistochemical staining for MUC5AC, EGFR, and MMP-9 were performed. The instillation of LPS increased AB/PAS and MUC5AC staining in time- and dose-dependent manners, and treatment with MMPI significantly prevented GC metaplasia. The instillation of LPS into the trachea also induced neutrophilic infiltration and EGFR and MMP-9 expression in the airway epithelium, and MMPI was found to significantly prevent neutrophil recruitment, GC metaplasia, and EGFR and MMP-9 expression. This study demonstrates that the MMP-9 and EGFR cascades are associated with LPS-induced mucus hypersecretion.

The expulsion of Echinostoma trivolvis from C3H Mice: differences in glycoconjugates in mouse versus hamster small intestinal mucosa during infection

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fujino ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Echinostoma Trivolvis ◽  
Lectin Binding Sites

AbstractMucosal glycoconjugates were examined in C3H mice and in hamster small intestines infected with Echinostoma trivolvis and in uninfected rodents, using periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) staining and three different fluorescein-conjugated lectins: Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) and Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA-II). Lectin-labelling by electron microscopy was also undertaken with WGA and HPA lectin-gold probes. HID-AB stain demonstrated that the most mature goblet cells of the mouse villi contain sulfomucins, whereas those of hamsters contain sialomucins. The expression of lectin-binding sites and the intensity of the lectin binding in the small intestines were changed by echinostome infection. Specific differences in the reaction to mucin glycoproteins were clearly observed between the mouse and hamster intestines infected with E. trivolvis; lectin-binding to hyperplastic goblet cells and crypts in the infected mice increased, while no marked increase in the number of goblet cells and reaction to the glycoconjugates were observed in the infected hamsters. These findings indicate that the expression of terminal N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, sialic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine increased in mucins secreted from hyperplastic goblet cells associated with E. trivolvis infection in mice. No marked increase in these glycoconjugates occurred in hamster infections. These findings reflect clear differences in infectivity of E. trivolvis in C3H mice versus hamsters.

A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (969) ◽  
pp. 513-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

scholarly journals Histochemical reactivity of peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Stoward ◽  
S S Spicer ◽  
R L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Terminal Galactose

A peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase (PL-HRP) conjugate has been applied to histochemical staining of paraffin sections of various mouse organs. The PL-HRP conjugate has selectively reacted with secretory bodies, the Golgi zone, and the apical cell surface in various cell types. Some positive sites, including lingual and tracheal serous glands, Brunner's glands, and the brush border of the proximal straight nephron, contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoconjugate with no affinity for basic reagents. The stored secretion in these sites was interpreted as containing neutral glycoprotein with terminal galactose residues which could, in part at least, account for the PAS reactivity. Duodenal goblet cells, which exhibited basophilia attributable to sulfate esters, also bound PL-HRP. As the binding was affected by prior sialidase digestion, the secretory glycoprotein in the duodenal goblet cells was judged to contain oligosaccharides with sulfate esters and terminal galactose uncapped by sialic acid. All sites known from their basophilia to form sialomucin failed to stain with the PL-HRP conjugate, but consistently gained reactivity following sialidase digestion and were inferred, therefore, to possess glycoproteins with oligosaccharide side chains containing subterminal galactose and terminal sialic acid. Lingual mucous glands, known to secrete a mucosubstance with basophilic properties indicative of the presence of sulfate esters but not sialic acid, stained with PL-HRP only after sialidase digestion and, accordingly, were reinterpreted as containing both sulfate esters and terminal galactose-sialic acid dimers. Staining of gastric surface epithelium demonstrated a srongly PAS-reactive neutral glycoprotein, and that of goblet cells in the cecum disclosed PAS-positive sulfated glycoprotein. The latter two sites lacked PL-HRP affinity without or with prior sialidase treatment and apparently possessed neither terminal galactose residues nor galactose-sialic acid dimers. PL-HRP affinity was observed exclusively in the Golgi cisternae of some epithelial cells, thus indicating that galactose occurs transiently as a terminal residue in this site. A few histologic sites, such as pancreatic and gastric zymogen cells and renal tubules, were devoid of both PAS reactivity and basophilia indicative of the presence of complex carbohydrate but stained strongly with the PL-HRP conjugate by means which are not understood. Galactose in the PL-HRP solution blocked or reversed the PL-HRP binding in most of the structures with an affinity for the conjugate, supporting the conclusions that the reagent is specific for galactosyl residues.

scholarly journals Loss of NHE8 expression impairs intestinal mucosal integrity

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (11) ◽  
pp. G855-G864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Malin E. V. Johansson ◽  
Hua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Mucin Production ◽  
Mucosal Integrity ◽  
Mucin 2

The newest member of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) family, NHE8, is abundantly expressed at the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelia. We previously reported that mucin 2 expression was significantly decreased in the colon in NHE8−/− mice, suggesting that NHE8 is involved in intestinal mucosal protection. In this study, we further evaluated the role of NHE8 in intestinal epithelial protection after dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) challenge. Compared with wild-type mice, NHE8−/− mice have increased bacterial adhesion and inflammation, especially in the distal colon. NHE8−/− mice are also susceptible to DSS treatment. Real-time PCR detected a remarkable increase in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-4 in DSS-treated NHE8−/− mice compared with DSS-treated wild-type littermates. Immunohistochemistry showed a disorganized epithelial layer in the colon of NHE8−/− mice. Periodic acid-Schiff staining showed a reduction in the number of mature goblet cells and the area of the goblet cell theca in NHE8−/− mice. Phyloxine/tartrazine staining revealed a decrease in functional Paneth cell population in the NHE8−/− small intestinal crypt. The expression of enteric defensins was also decreased in NHE8−/− mice. The reduced mucin production in goblet cells and antimicrobial peptides production in Paneth cells lead to disruption of the intestinal mucosa protection. Therefore, NHE8 may be involved in the establishment of intestinal mucosal integrity by regulating the functions of goblet and Paneth cells.

Human intestinal goblet cell mucin

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jabbal ◽  
D. I. C. Kells ◽  
G. Forstner ◽  
J. Forstner
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cell ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Schiff Reagent ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Sepharose 4B

Goblet cell mucin (GCM) has been purified for the first time from mucosal scrapings of human small intestine. Proteolytic enzymes and organic solvents were avoided during the isolation procedure. The mucin was purified by Sepharose 4B and 2B column chromatography of high-speed supernatant fractions. The most purified fraction was compared with rat intestinal GCM. The two were similar with respect to chemical composition, antigenic features, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The major chemical differences included a higher hexosamine–fucose and hexosamine – sialic acid ratio in human mucin. The two mucins showed strong concentration dependence in sedimentation velocity studies. Human mucin at a concentration of 0.2 to 1.5 mg protein per millilitre gave multiple associated peaks with variable s0 values (10.8–36.6). Rat mucin, in contrast, gave a constant (although polydisperse) pattern with s0 = 15.15. To explore these differences both mucins were stained with periodic acid – Schiff reagent and subjected to band ultracentrifugation at concentrations of 0.6–1.9 μg protein per millilitre. At this low concentration, rat mucin did not change in its sedimentation characteristics. In contrast, human GCM produced a single peak with s0 = 37.9. Thus dilution abolished polydispersity in the human but not the rat mucin, suggesting that intermolecular bonding forces in the human mucin are weaker.

scholarly journals Identification of Brachyspira spp. in the cecum of broiler chickens using histology and in situ diagnostic assays

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 2813-2824
Author(s):  
Monica Regina de Matos ◽  
◽  
Aline Patrícia Grzegozevski ◽  
Alessandra da Cruz ◽  
Arthur Colombari Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Ffpe Tissue ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

The genus Brachyspira corresponds to the group of bacteria formerly classified into the genus Serpulina and includes several commensal and pathogenic intestinal spirochetes that affect pigs, poultry, and other animal species, including humans. In birds, some pathogenic species of this genus causes a condition known as avian intestinal spirochetosis, which remains underdiagnosed, thereby causing serious economic losses. Brachyspira is a fastidious organism that necessitates the employment of fast and efficient identification techniques. The aim of this study was to identify Brachyspira spp. using histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from the cecum of commercial poultry. Samples were collected from 129 birds aged between 35 and 45 days from commercial broiler farms. For evaluation, routine histology processing (H&E) and the histochemical technique, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were done. Additionally, FFPE tissue samples were evaluated for FISH and IHC. The histological lesions were analyzed and graded after H&E staining, and the goblet cells were counted and compared using PAS staining with the positive and negative samples obtained through FISH and IHC. For FISH, probes labeled with Brachyspira spp., B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia were used, whereas rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for Brachyspira spp. was used for IHC. Of 129 samples, 82 were positive with IHC and 86 were positive with FISH. The samples positive for the genus Brachyspira in the FISH technique were tested for B. pilosicoli, B. hyodysenteriae, and B. intermedia in which 56 were positive for B. pilosicoli, 75 for B. hyodysenteriae and 80 for B. intermedia. There was an increase in goblet cells in the samples positive for FISH and IHC. The techniques used were effective and gave corresponding results, thus serving as a fast and efficient tool for diagnosis.

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