neutrophilic infiltration
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Author(s):  
Sakurako Arai ◽  
Nao Furukawa ◽  
Makoto Takahama ◽  
Shintaro Kodai ◽  
Naomi Ishii ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (28) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
I.V. Kozlova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Lapteva ◽  
A.P. Bykova ◽  
A.L. Pakhomova ◽  
...  

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of complex therapy with the inclusion of the drug Saccharomyces boulardii in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and intestinal dysfunction. Material and methods. An open prospective comparative study of the effectiveness of complex therapy of intestinal dysfunction in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis was carried out. The study included two groups of 36 patients with NASH with symptoms of intestinal dysfunction, established intestinal dysbiosis, structural changes in the mucous membrane of the colon. Results and discussion. It was found that the complex therapy of intestinal dysfunction with the inclusion of the drug Saccharomyces boulardii against the background of NASH reduces the frequency of abdominal pain associated with the intestines, normalizes stool, reduces the degree of dysbiosis, promotes epithelialization of microerosions, and reduces the frequency of neutrophilic infiltration of the colon mucosa. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of complex therapy with the addition of Saccharomyces boulardii in patients with NASH and intestinal dysfunction


PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. e3001385
Author(s):  
Monica Cappelletti ◽  
Pietro Presicce ◽  
Ma Feiyang ◽  
Paranthaman Senthamaraikannan ◽  
Lisa A. Miller ◽  
...  

Intrauterine infection/inflammation (IUI) is a major contributor to preterm labor (PTL). However, IUI does not invariably cause PTL. We hypothesized that quantitative and qualitative differences in immune response exist in subjects with or without PTL. To define the triggers for PTL, we developed rhesus macaque models of IUI driven by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live Escherichia coli. PTL did not occur in LPS challenged rhesus macaques, while E. coli–infected animals frequently delivered preterm. Although LPS and live E. coli both caused immune cell infiltration, E. coli–infected animals showed higher levels of inflammatory mediators, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6) and prostaglandins, in the chorioamnion-decidua and amniotic fluid (AF). Neutrophil infiltration in the chorio-decidua was a common feature to both LPS and E. coli. However, neutrophilic infiltration and IL6 and PTGS2 expression in the amnion was specifically induced by live E. coli. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of fetal membranes revealed that specific pathways involved in augmentation of inflammation including type I interferon (IFN) response, chemotaxis, sumoylation, and iron homeostasis were up-regulated in the E. coli group compared to the LPS group. Our data suggest that the intensity of the host immune response to IUI may determine susceptibility to PTL.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e243615
Author(s):  
Samer Alkassis ◽  
Aliza Rizwan ◽  
Lina Daoud ◽  
Jie Chi

Sweet syndrome (SS), also referred as acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is an inflammatory process characterised by the abrupt appearance of erythematous papules or nodules with predominant neutrophilic infiltration in the dermis. Fever and neutrophilia are common presenting features. However, extracellular manifestations, including ocular and musculoskeletal, may occur. SS is divided into three subtypes: classical (or idiopathic), malignancy associated and drug induced. Medication-induced subtype accounts for up to 26% of cases. In recent years, emerging evidence has showed that SS may also occur in neutropenic patients who underwent induction for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The identification of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene mutation in approximately 30% of patients with AML has promoted the targeted therapy with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) inhibitors. Midostaurin, a recently Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for FLT3-ITD-positive AML, was reported once as cause for SS. We report a midostaurin-induced SS with neutropenia in a patient following induction chemotherapy of AML


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nkiruka C. Azubuike ◽  
Obioma C. Ejiogu

Nasal smear is a valid method used to distinguish inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytological picture and neutrophilic infiltration of nasal secretions of children from a primary school within Enugu metropolis in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study included 100 apparently normal pupils, 20 each from grade levels 1 to 5. The blow-out technique was used to obtain samples from the nasal cavity for smear preparation on slides. May-Grunwald-Giemsa was used to stain the smears for light microscopical examination. Smears were assessed for the presence of infiltrating inflammatory cells and a semi-quantitative grading of neutrophilic infiltration was conducted on each sample to indicate either absent, few, moderate or many. Mean age of participants is 6.25±0.44 years (range: 6–11 years). Results revealed that age and grade level of study had a strong association with the grade score of neutrophilic infiltration (p<0.05). Grade level 1 pupils, the youngest group (mean age: 6.25±0.44 years), had the highest abnormal cytological picture and neutrophilic infiltration while those in grade levels 3 to 5 who were older, were lower. There was no association between gender and neutrophilic infiltration. It can be concluded that significantly increased neutrophilic infiltration are obtained in the nasal secretions of younger schoolchildren below the age of 9 than the older pupils. This study also indicates that the blow-out method is a useful technique for obtaining nasal secretions for the assessment of infiltrating cells.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahide Inoue ◽  
Koji Sakamoto ◽  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
Shinya Nakai ◽  
Akira Ando ◽  
...  

Abstract Background As the application of silica nanomaterials continues to expand, increasing chances of its exposure to the human body and potential harm are anticipated. Although the toxicity of silica nanomaterials is assumed to be affected by their physio-chemical properties, including size and surface functionalization, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that analysis of intracellular localization of the particles and subsequent intracellular signaling could reveal a novel determinant of inflammatory response against silica particles with different physico-chemical properties. Results We employed a murine intratracheal instillation model of amorphous silica nanoparticles (NPs) exposure to compare their in vivo toxicities in the respiratory system. Pristine silica-NPs of 50 nm diameters (50 nm-plain) induced airway-centered lung injury with marked neutrophilic infiltration. By contrast, instillation of pristine silica particles of a larger diameter (3 μm; 3 μm-plain) significantly reduced the severity of lung injury and neutrophilic infiltration, possibly through attenuated induction of neutrophil chemotactic chemokines including MIP2. Ex vivo analysis of alveolar macrophages as well as in vitro assessment using RAW264.7 cells revealed a remarkably lower cellular uptake of 3 μm-plain particles compared with 50 nm-plain, which is assumed to be the underlying mechanism of attenuated immune response. The severity of lung injury and neutrophilic infiltration was also significantly reduced after intratracheal instillation of silica NPs with an amine surface modification (50 nm-NH2) when compared with 50 nm-plain. Despite unchanged efficacy in cellular uptake, treatment with 50 nm-NH2 induced a significantly attenuated immune response in RAW264.7 cells. Assessment of intracellular redox signaling revealed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in endosomal compartments of RAW264.7 cells treated with 50 nm-plain when compared with vehicle-treated control. In contrast, augmentation of endosomal ROS signals in cells treated with 50 nm-NH2 was significantly lower. Moreover, selective inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was sufficient to inhibit endosomal ROS bursts and induction of chemokine expressions in cells treated with silica NPs, suggesting the central role of endosomal ROS generated by NOX2 in the regulation of the inflammatory response in macrophages that endocytosed silica NPs. Conclusions Our murine model suggested that the pulmonary toxicity of silica NPs depended on their physico-chemical properties through distinct mechanisms. Cellular uptake of larger particles by macrophages decreased, while surface amine modification modulated endosomal ROS signaling via NOX2, both of which are assumed to be involved in mitigating immune response in macrophages and resulting lung injury.


Author(s):  
M. Potapnev ◽  
K. Pavlov ◽  
O. Doronina ◽  
T. Metelitsa ◽  
E. Anfinogenova ◽  
...  

We presents results of a study on endometritis modeling in rats with double intravaginal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The established endometrial inflammatory process was accompanied by a decrease in the weight of animals, an increase in the weight of the uterus, neutrophilic infiltration, edema, and overexpression of cyclooxygenase in endometrium on 30-45 days after the start of endometritis induction. Local intravaginal use of plasma enriched with soluble platelet factors/platelet-rich plasma (PORFT/PRP) caused a decrease in the intensity of the inflammatory process and the rate of neutrophil infiltration of the endometrium, a decrease in the intensity of cyclooxygenase, interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β expression, and an increase in the body weight of animals. The conclusion was made on the possibility of creating model of endometritis in rats by double administration of LPS and the ability of local administration of PORFT/PRP to have a therapeutic effect on the inflammatory process in the endometrium.


Author(s):  
Vikas Nehra ◽  
Sukhdeep Vohra ◽  
Vijay Kadian ◽  
Deepika Lather ◽  
Charlie Sharma

Background: A Rottweiler male dog carcass (7 years) with clinical history of inappetence, pyrexia, diarrhoea and nasal discharge was received in the post mortem hall of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana. The current work was aimed to study the clinical history, pathological and parasitological examination in the Rottweiler male dog carcass. Methods: After collection of the samples, laboratory work was undertaken in the laboratories of Department of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Parasitology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana (India) in the year 2018-2019 regarding the examination of the clinical history, pathological and parasitological investigation.Result: Necropsy revealed anaemic mucous membranes; pale conjunctiva; hydrothorax; hydroperitoneum; lungs and heart were congested, blackish discolouration of liver; fully distended gall bladder; congested along with thickened intestinal mucosa; intestinal lumen contained white nematode as well as long creamy cestodes identified as Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum, respectively. Histopathologically, intestine revealed presence of severe fibrino-necrotic enteritis characterized by infiltration of mono nuclear cells, degeneration and desquamation of microvilli, congested blood vessels and haemorrhages. Spleen revealed acute splenitis with presence of severe hemorrhages along with neutrophilic infiltration. Liver revealed areas of necrotic hepatitis. The case was confirmed as parasitic fibino-necrotic enteritis due to mixed infection by Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum. 


Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Giovanna Casili ◽  
Alessio Ardizzone ◽  
Marika Lanza ◽  
Enrico Gugliandolo ◽  
Marco Portelli ◽  
...  

Periodontitis is a dental disease that produces the progressive destruction of the bone surrounding the tooth. Especially, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is involved in the deterioration of the alveolar bone, inducing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, which cause periodontal tissue inflammation. Luteolin (Lut), a molecule of natural origin present in a large variety of fruits and vegetables, possess beneficial properties for human health. On this basis, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of Lut in a model of periodontitis induced by LPS in rats. Animal model predicted a single intragingival injection of LPS (10 μg/μL) derived from Salmonella typhimurium. Lut administration, was performed daily at different doses (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, orally), starting from 1 h after the injection of LPS. After 14 days, the animals were sacrificed, and their gums were processed for biochemical analysis and histological examinations. Results showed that Lut (30 and 100 mg/kg) was equally able to reduce alveolar bone loss, tissue damage, and neutrophilic infiltration. Moreover, Lut treatment reduced the concentration of collagen fibers, mast cells degranulation, and NF-κB activation, as well as the presence of pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines. Therefore, Lut implementation could represent valid support in the pharmacological strategy for periodontitis, thus improving the well-being of the oral cavity.


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