scholarly journals Luciferin production and luciferase transcription in the bioluminescent copepod Metridia lucens

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tessler ◽  
Jean P. Gaffney ◽  
Jason M. Crawford ◽  
Eric Trautman ◽  
Nehaben A. Gujarati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Marine Zooplankton ◽  
Light Production ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Paralog Gene ◽  
Oceanic Food Webs

Bioluminescent copepods are often the most abundant marine zooplankton and play critical roles in oceanic food webs. Metridia copepods exhibit particularly bright bioluminescence, and the molecular basis of their light production has just recently begun to be explored. Here we add to this body of work by transcriptomically profiling Metridia lucens, a common species found in temperate, northern, and southern latitudes. In this previously molecularly-uncharacterized species, we find the typical luciferase paralog gene set found in Metridia. More surprisingly, we recover noteworthy putative luciferase sequences that had not been described from Metridia species, indicating that bioluminescence produced by these copepods may be more complex than previously known. This includes another copepod luciferase, as well as one from a shrimp. Furthermore, feeding experiments using mass spectrometry and 13C labelled L-tyrosine and L-phenylalanine firmly establish that M. lucens produces its own coelenterazine luciferin rather than acquiring it through diet. This coelenterazine synthesis has only been directly confirmed in one other copepod species.

scholarly journals Unraveling the molecular basis of subunit specificity in P pilus assembly by mass spectrometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (35) ◽  
pp. 12873-12878 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Rose ◽  
D. Verger ◽  
T. Daviter ◽  
H. Remaut ◽  
E. Paci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Pilus Assembly

scholarly journals Molecular basis for chirality-regulated Aβ self-assembly and receptor recognition revealed by ion mobility-mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongyu Li ◽  
Kellen DeLaney ◽  
Lingjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Epitope Region ◽  
Receptor Recognition ◽  
Chiral Effects

Abstract Despite extensive efforts on probing the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and enormous investments into AD drug development, the lack of effective disease-modifying therapeutics and the complexity of the AD pathogenesis process suggest a great need for further insights into alternative AD drug targets. Herein, we focus on the chiral effects of truncated amyloid beta (Aβ) and offer further structural and molecular evidence for epitope region-specific, chirality-regulated Aβ fragment self-assembly and its potential impact on receptor-recognition. A multidimensional ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) analytical platform and in-solution kinetics analysis reveal the comprehensive structural and molecular basis for differential Aβ fragment chiral chemistry, including the differential and cooperative roles of chiral Aβ N-terminal and C-terminal fragments in receptor recognition. Our method is applicable to many other systems and the results may shed light on the potential development of novel AD therapeutic strategies based on targeting the D-isomerized Aβ, rather than natural L-Aβ.

scholarly journals Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Specialized Metabolites for Predicting Lichen Fitness and Snail Foraging

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Gadea ◽  
Mathieu Fanuel ◽  
Anne-Cécile Le Lamer ◽  
Joël Boustie ◽  
Hélène Rogniaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Imaging ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Optimal Defense Theory ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Defense Theory

Lichens are slow-growing organisms supposed to synthetize specialized metabolites to protect themselves against diverse grazers. As predicted by the optimal defense theory (ODT), lichens are expected to invest specialized metabolites in higher levels in reproductive tissues compared to thallus. We investigated whether Laser Desorption Ionization coupled to Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LDI-MSI) could be a relevant tool for chemical ecology issues such as ODT. In the present study, this method was applied to cross-sections of thalli and reproductive tissues of the lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata. Spatial mapping revealed phenolic families of metabolites. A quantification of these metabolites was carried out in addition to spatial imaging. By this method, accumulation of specialized metabolites was observed in both reproductive parts (apothecia and soralia) of P. crocata, but their nature depended on the lichen organs: apothecia concentrated norstictic acid, tenuiorin, and pulvinic acid derivatives, whereas soralia mainly contained tenuiorin and pulvinic acid. Stictic acid, tenuiorin and calycin, tested in no-choices feeding experiments, were deterrent for N. hookeri while entire thalli were consumed by the snail. To improve better knowledge in relationships between grazed and grazing organisms, LDI-MSI appears to be a complementary tool in ecological studies

scholarly journals Identification of molecular species of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides in native and copper-oxidized triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rojeet Shrestha ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Yusuke Miura ◽  
Yusuke Yamamoto ◽  
Toshihiro Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Edta Blood Sample

Background Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are considered to be independent predictors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The molecular basis of its atherogenicity is uncertain. Here, we aim to identify molecular species of phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PCOOH) in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. For comparison, copper-oxidized triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were investigated as well. Methods A fasting EDTA blood sample was collected from six healthy human volunteers to isolate two major triglyceride-rich lipoproteins fractions – very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) using sequential ultracentrifugation. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and plasma samples were studied for PCOOH by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Results Twelve molecular species of PCOOH in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and/or plasma were identified using the following criteria: (1) high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) with mass accuracy within 5 ppm, (2) retention time in LC and (3) fragmentation pattern in MS2 and MS3. PC36:4-OOH was most often detected in VLDL, IDL and plasma. The ratio of total PCOOH to phosphatidylcholine progressively increased with the duration of oxidation in both VLDL and IDL. Conclusion This study demonstrated the presence of 12 molecular species of PCOOH in native triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The frequent detection of PCOOH in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins provides a molecular basis of the atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PCOOH in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins might serve as a molecular basis of the atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.

scholarly journals Elongation of [ω-14C]oleic acid and [ω-14C]nervonic acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Rabinowitz ◽  
C Lutton ◽  
F Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Micro Organisms

During feeding experiments with [ω-14C]oleic acid and [ω-14c]nervonic acid to adult rats, 14C-labelled C26, C28 and C30 fatty acids were recovered from the intestinal mucosa, liver, plasma, kidney and stools. The structures of these fatty acids were determined by g.l.c., radio-g.l.c. and mass spectrometry. The Schmidt and Ginger degradation methods indicated that most of the 14C found in these extra-long fatty acids remained in the omega position. These radioactive extra-long fatty acids were found mainly in the polar lipids of rats killed 3 or 15 h after being fed on labelled oleic acid or nervonic acid. Rats killed 63 h later yielded only traces of these extra-long fatty acids. When the rats were given antibiotics or received the same radioactive fatty acids by intravenous injection, the labelled extra-long fatty acids could not be detected in any of the tissues. We conclude that they were probably synthesized by elongation of oleic acid and nervonic acid by intestinal micro-organisms (probably yeasts) and then absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.

Soya–a dietary source of the non-steroidal oestrogen equol in man and animals

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Axelson ◽  
J. Sjövall ◽  
B. E. Gustafsson ◽  
K. D. R. Setchell
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Dietary Origin

ABSTRACT The dietary origin of the weak oestrogen equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman) present in human urine has been investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Feeding experiments with different food constituents and monitoring the urinary excretion of equol revealed that soya food yields more than 0·1 mg urinary equol/g flour ingested. From this source the glucoside of daidzein (4′,7-dihydroxyisoflavone) has been isolated and identified as a precursor of equol. Both equol and daidzein were characterized as monoglucuronide conjugates in human urine and the concentration of urinary equol exceeded the concentrations of the classical oestrogens by 100- to 1000-fold after ingestion of a single meal containing soya protein. The potential biological significance of this result is discussed. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 49–56

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of the Cardiac Phosphoproteome in Response to Acute β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12584
Author(s):  
Alican Güran ◽  
Yanlong Ji ◽  
Pan Fang ◽  
Kuan-Ting Pan ◽  
Henning Urlaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Cell Signalling ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Stable Isotope Labelling ◽  
Isotope Labelling ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Signalling Network

β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation represents a major mechanism of modulating cardiac output. In spite of its fundamental importance, its molecular basis on the level of cell signalling has not been characterised in detail yet. We employed mass spectrometry-based proteome and phosphoproteome analysis using SuperSILAC (spike-in stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture) standardization to generate a comprehensive map of acute phosphoproteome changes in mice upon administration of isoprenaline (ISO), a synthetic β-AR agonist that targets both β1-AR and β2-AR subtypes. Our data describe 8597 quantitated phosphopeptides corresponding to 10,164 known and novel phospho-events from 2975 proteins. In total, 197 of these phospho-events showed significantly altered phosphorylation, indicating an intricate signalling network activated in response to β-AR stimulation. In addition, we unexpectedly detected significant cardiac expression and ISO-induced fragmentation of junctophilin-1, a junctophilin isoform hitherto only thought to be expressed in skeletal muscle. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025569.

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