scholarly journals Elongation of [ω-14C]oleic acid and [ω-14C]nervonic acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Rabinowitz ◽  
C Lutton ◽  
F Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Micro Organisms

During feeding experiments with [ω-14C]oleic acid and [ω-14c]nervonic acid to adult rats, 14C-labelled C26, C28 and C30 fatty acids were recovered from the intestinal mucosa, liver, plasma, kidney and stools. The structures of these fatty acids were determined by g.l.c., radio-g.l.c. and mass spectrometry. The Schmidt and Ginger degradation methods indicated that most of the 14C found in these extra-long fatty acids remained in the omega position. These radioactive extra-long fatty acids were found mainly in the polar lipids of rats killed 3 or 15 h after being fed on labelled oleic acid or nervonic acid. Rats killed 63 h later yielded only traces of these extra-long fatty acids. When the rats were given antibiotics or received the same radioactive fatty acids by intravenous injection, the labelled extra-long fatty acids could not be detected in any of the tissues. We conclude that they were probably synthesized by elongation of oleic acid and nervonic acid by intestinal micro-organisms (probably yeasts) and then absorbed by the intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals High rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into the lipid of isolated spinach chloroplasts

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Roughan ◽  
C R Slack ◽  
R Holland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Triton X

Spinach chloroplasts, isolated by techniques yielding preparations with high O2- evolving activity, showed rates of light-dependent acetate incorporation into lipids 3-4 fold higher than any previously reported. Incorporation rates as high as 500 nmol of acetate/h per mg of chlorophyll were measured in buffered sorbitol solutions containing only NaHCO3 and [1-14C]acetate, and as high as 800 nmol/h per mg of chlorophyll when 0.13 mM-Triton X-100 was also included in the reaction media. The fatty acids synthesized were predominantly oleic (70-80% of the total fatty acid radioactivity) and palmitic (20-25%) with only minor amounts (1-5%) of linoleic acid. Linolenic acid synthesis was not detected in the system in vitro. Free fatty acids accounted for 70-90% of the radioactivity incorporated and the remainder was shared fairly evenly between 1,2-diacylglycerols and polar lipids. Oleic acid constituted 80-90% of the free fatty acids synthesized, but the diacylglycerols and polar lipids contained slightly more palmitic acid than oleic acid. Triton X-100 stimulated the synthesis of diacylglycerols 3-6 fold, but stimulated free fatty acid synthesis only 1-1.5-fold. Added glycerol 1-phosphate stimulated both the synthesis of diacylglycerols and palmitic acid relative to oleic acid, but did not increase acetate incorporation into total chloroplast lipids. CoA and ATP, when added separately, stimulated acetate incorporation into chloroplast lipids to variable extents and had no effect on the types of lipid synthesized, but when added together resulted in 34% of the incorporated acetate appearing in long-chain acyl-CoA. Pyruvate was a much less effective precursor of chloroplast fatty acids than was acetate.

THE EFFECTS OF SOME DIETARY DERIVED LIPIDS AND FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS ON RAT SERUM TRIBUTYRINASE AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313
Author(s):  
Jack D. Taylor ◽  
Neil B. Madsen ◽  
Jules Tuba
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Increased Activity

Synthetic diets were fed to adult rats for four weeks to determine the effects of dietary stearic acid, oleic acid, glycerol, Crisco, and vitamins, A, D, and E on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum tributyrinase. On a diet devoid of fats or fatty acids, the rats manifested abnormally low enzyme levels, which for serum alkaline phosphatase fell to values characteristic of starvation. Basal levels of the two enzymes, obtained with a fat free diet, were not altered by the ingestion of glycerol or vitamins A, D, and E. Dietary stearic acid, oleic acid, and Crisco, each significantly increased activity of phosphatase and tributyrinase and it would appear that both enzymes are concerned with intestinal absorption of fatty acids. The effect of oleic acid was most pronounced with both enzymes. The rats all gained weight during the tests so none of the variations in enzyme levels can be attributed to inanition. After the dietary test periods, all groups were starved for one week. Serum phosphatase values fell to the same constant low levels for all animals. Tributyrinase values rose towards levels which suggest that the enzyme is concerned with mobilization of depot fats during periods of fasting.

Further studies ofSchistosoma mansonicercarial stimulation by crude egg lecithin and other lipids

Parasitology ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Austin ◽  
P. Frappaolo ◽  
B. Gilbert ◽  
W. Landis ◽  
M. N. da Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Egg Lecithin ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Pure Cholesterol

The stimulus provided to cercariae by the skin fat of their definitive hosts is not the same forSchistosoma mansoniandAustrobilharzia terrigalensis.Cercariae of the former parasite are stimulated by unsaturated fatty acids, those of the latter by cholesterol.A reinvestigation of the penetration stimulant factors present in crude egg lecithin, which contains both cholesterol and free fatty acids as impurities, has shown that the latter are responsible for the stimulus inS. mansoni.The phospholipid fraction is inactive as is pure cholesterol. A little excitation of cercariae is produced by the monoglyceride fraction. These results fully confirm earlier findings.Of surface active agents other than lecithin, stimulatory activity was found only in one product which possessed carboxyl groups. Of the C18acids examined, stearic (18:0) is inactive, oleic (18:1) slightly active, linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids highly active. Oleic acid was shown by GC-mass spectrometry to be the most abundant acid in crude egg lecithin and is probably the main penetration stimulus present.

scholarly journals Comparative Profiling of Volatile Compounds in Popular South Indian Traditional and Modern Rice Varieties by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaliyaperumal Ashokkumar ◽  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
Sampathrajan Vellaikumar ◽  
V. G. Shobhana ◽  
Adhimoolam Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Modern Varieties

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops cultivated across the world, particularly in Southeast Asia with 95% of global production. The present study was aimed to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) and to profile all the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of eight popular traditional and two modern rice varieties cultivated in South India. Thirty-one VOCs were estimated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified volatile compounds in the 10 rice varieties belong to the chemical classes of fatty acids, terpenes, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, phenols, esters, amides, and others. Interestingly, most of the identified predominant components were not identical, which indicate the latent variation among the rice varieties. Significant variations exist for fatty acids (46.9–76.2%), total terpenes (12.6–30.7%), total phenols (0.9–10.0%), total aliphatic alcohols (0.8–5.9%), total alkanes (0.5–5.1%), and total alkenes (1.0–4.9%) among the rice varieties. Of all the fatty acid compounds, palmitic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid predominantly varied in the range of 11.1–33.7, 6.1–31.1, 6.0–28.0, and 0.7–15.1%, respectively. The modern varieties recorded the highest palmitic acid contents (28.7–33.7%) than the traditional varieties (11.1–20.6%). However, all the traditional varieties had higher linoleic acid (10.0–28.0%) than the modern varieties (6.0–8.5%). Traditional varieties had key phenolic compounds, stearic acid, butyric acid, and glycidyl oleate, which are absent in the modern varieties. The traditional varieties Seeraga samba and Kichilli samba had the highest azulene and oleic acid, respectively. All these indicate the higher variability for nutrients and aroma in traditional varieties. These varieties can be used as potential parents to improve the largely cultivated high-yielding varieties for the evolving nutritional market. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed three different clusters implying the distinctness of the traditional and modern varieties. This study provided a comprehensive volatile profile of traditional and modern rice as a staple food for energy as well as for aroma with nutrition.

Biogenesis of Conjugated Linoleic Acids

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Sailas Benjamin ◽  
Kizhakepowathil Nair Unni ◽  
Prakasan Priji ◽  
Andre-Denis Girard Wright
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Relationship Of

One of the key areas in animal husbandry is to improve the quality (nutritional value) of dairy and meat products by enriching them with Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs) like (cis-9, trans-11)- and (trans-10, cis-12)-octadecadienicacids; the former (rumenic acid) predominates all the CLAs. Though Vaccenic Acid (VA) is the immediate precursor of rumenic acid, dietary unsaturated fatty acids like Oleic Acid (OA), Linoleic Acid (LA) and a-Linolenic Acid (ALA) are the distant precursors of CLAs; and that CLA and VA are formed as intermediates during the biohydrogenation of the dietary OA, LA and ALA into fully saturated stearic acid. The mutual inter-relationship of rumen microbiota encompassing bacteria, protozoa and fungi facilitates the biohydrogenation process. Thus, this chapter critically evaluates the knowledge accumulated during the past four decades on the precursor of CLAs, micro-organisms involved in the production of CLA, the mechanism of biohydrogenation, and chemical synthesis of CLA, coupled with the rationale for biohydrogenation and factors affecting the production of CLA.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from Oleaginous Fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ravikumar ◽  
J Dakshayini ◽  
ST Girisha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Oleaginous Fungi ◽  
Micro Organisms

Biodiesel involves the mixture of fatty acyl methyl/ethyl esters, produced from transesterification neutral lipids and if the origin of the source is from oleaginous micro organisms, then it is termed as micro diesel. In the present work, aiming to exploit fungi for biodiesel production, 12 fungal isolates were screened for lipid content by Sudan Black B staining method. Among 12 isolates, lipid rich five species viz, Mortierella alpina , M.ramanianna, M.vinancea, M.hyalina and M.verticella have been taken for fatty acids analysis by spectrophotometry, which revealed that the amount of free fatty acids were ranged from highest in M.alpina 35 ?moles of Oleic acid , 25 ?moles of Palmitic acid and 14 ?moles of Myristic acids to lower as much as 21 ?moles of Oleic acid , 18 ?moles of Palmitic acid and 16 ?moles of Myristic acids respectively in M.ramanianna. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v6i1.5721

scholarly journals Studies on the positional integrity of glyceride fatty acids during digestion and absorption in rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Raghavan ◽  
J. Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Lipid Components

1. Rats previously starved for 24hr. were separately given by intraduodenal injections 0·5ml. of a dispersion containing 10mg. of sodium taurocholate, with 50mg. of glycerol 1,3-dioleate 2[1−14C]-palmitate, glycerol 1,2-dioleate 3[1−14C]-palmitate, a mixture of [1−14C]palmitic acid and triolein, or a mixture of [1−14C]-palmitic acid and oleic acid. 2. At the end of 30min., the net amounts, and the radioactivity, of the neutral-lipid components recovered from the intestinal lumen and mucosa, and the position of the labelled palmitic acid in the mucosal triglycerides, were determined. 3. When glycerol 1,3-dioleate 2[1−14C]-palmitate was administered, most of the labelled acid was retained in the di- and monoglycerides of the lumen; the triglycerides were the major components containing the radioactivity in the mucosa and 75–80% of the labelled acid was located at the β-position of these triglycerides. 4. When glycerol 1,2-dioleate 3[1−14C]-palmitate was administered, the labelled acid was readily split off in the lumen and virtually no radioactivity could be traced in the monoglyceride fraction; in the intestinal mucosa, triglycerides were again the chief components containing most of the radioactivity, and 80–85% of the labelled acid was esterified at the outer positions of the glycerol. 5. When [1−14C]palmitic acid mixed with triolein was administered, the concentrations of free fatty acids increased markedly in the intestinal lumen and mucosa, and 80–88% of the radioactivity of the mucosal triglycerides was located at the outer positions of the glycerol. 6. When [1−14C]palmitic acid mixed with oleic acid was administered, the labelled acid accumulated in the lumen as well as in the cell, and it was randomly incorporated into all three positions of the mucosal triglycerides.

Palmitic Acid, As Verified Using Lipid Profiling By Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Demonstrates Anti-Tumor Activity Against Multiple Myeloma

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 5683-5683
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nagata ◽  
Itsuko Ishizaki ◽  
Michihiko Waki ◽  
Yoshimi Ide ◽  
Md Amir Hossen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tof Sims

Abstract Introduction Many recent studies have examined lipid metabolic changes in multiple myeloma (MM). Changes in lipid metabolism affect the survival of MM cells. Developments in imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) have facilitated research on the lipid profiles of tumors. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) is an IMS technique that uses a focused ion beam as the primary source for ionization. TOF-SIMS imaging is used to analyze the surface of specimens at sub-micrometer resolution, enabling analyses of the subcellular distribution of molecules in individual cells. TOF-SIMS analysis has enabled the detection of multiple fatty acid groups from single cells. Therefore, we applied this method to human clinical specimens to analyze the membrane fatty acid composition and determine candidate molecules for MM therapies. Using the different lipid profiles for MM cells and normal plasma cells (PCs), we conducted a cytocidal assay with MM cell lines supplemented with the fatty acids screened out by the profiles to assess lipotoxicity against MM. The molecules demonstrating distinct differences among cell types (i.e., MM and PC) were considered candidates for which supplementation leads to imbalanced lipid metabolism and cell death in a tumor-specific manner. We further evaluated the induction of apoptosis. Methods Primary patient MM cells and normal PCs were isolated from the bone marrow aspirates of two patients and two healthy volunteers using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These separated cells were analyzed with PHI TRIFT V (ULVAC-PHI, Inc.). Analyses were performed in negative ion mode, and signals in the mass range of m/z 0 to 1850 were monitored. We performed pairwise comparisons of mean signal intensities for five types of fatty acids between MM cells and PCs. MM cell lines (U266 and RPMI-8226) were treated with 0–1000 µM of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. The number of viable cells in suspension at 72 hours after treatment was determined by the trypan blue exclusion test. HS-5, a human bone marrow stromal cell line, was used in the co-culture experiment. Healthy volunteers’ normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were purified by Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradient centrifugation. The distribution of apoptotic and necrotic cells were analyzed by measuring AnnexinV binding and propidium iodide uptake. Results The amounts of MM cells and PCs relative to the total nucleated cells were 3.38%, 35.9% for MM cells, 0.0368% and 0.246% for PCs. Multiple ions, including phosphoric acid, and five species of fatty acids (palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid) were detected. The mean signal intensities of palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid of MM cells were significantly lower than those of normal PCs (P = .00081 and .0018, respectively). These results were replicated in a second pairwise comparison. We did not observe statistically significant differences in intensities for linoleic acid, oleic acid, or stearic acid. In the cytocidal assay, palmitic acid reduced U266 cell viability dose-dependently for doses of 50–1000 μM. High concentrations of the other fatty acids also reduced cell viability; however, the effect on cell death was not observed at the low dose of 50–100 µM, as it was for palmitic acid. Even in co-culture experiments, palmitic acid decreased the viability of MM cells. Moreover, the proportions of both apoptotic and necrotic cells increased and the proportion of viable cells decreased 24 hours after palmitic acid treatment in MM cells. Palmitic acid also reduced the viability of RPMI-8226 cell lines. Meanwhile, cell viabilities of normal PBMCs were not affected by palmitic acid, even at 100–500 µM. Conclusion We applied the single-cell TOF-SIMS lipid analysis effectively to a very small population of cells. Significantly smaller intensities of palmitoleic acid and palmitic acid were observed in MM cells compared to normal cells. We also demonstrated an inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on the survival of MM cells. Palmitic acid is a potential candidate for novel therapeutic agents that specifically attack MM and should be considered in future studies of MM in a lipid biology framework. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Differential intestinal absorption of two fatty acid isomers: elaidic and oleic acids

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. G751-G759 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bernard ◽  
B. Echinard ◽  
H. Carlier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Elaidic Acid ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The absorption of 14C-labeled oleic acid and 14C-labeled elaidic acid was studied in bile- and pancreatic juice-diverted adult rats. In some cases these acids were compared with 14C-labeled palmitic acid absorption. Sodium taurocholate-emulsified test infusates containing an equimolar mixture of monopalmitin and two fatty acids (oleic and elaidic or palmitic), one of which was 14C labeled, were infused through a duodenal canula. The chyle was collected from the mesenteric lymphatic vessel by plastic tubing. Among the three fatty acids studied, oleic acid exhibited the highest lymphatic recovery rate (43-50%). Elaidic and palmitic acids appeared more slowly and in lesser amounts (10-17%). Simultaneously, the highest amount of chylomicrons was observed when the lipid emulsion contained oleic acid alone; the lowest was observed when elaidic acid was the only unsaturated fatty acid. Experimental data have also shown that compared with elaidic acid, oleic acid is preferentially incorporated into the lymph triglycerides. We can conclude from the data presented that the enterocytic enzymes involved in the absorption of lipids show a high degree of specificity related to the fatty acid isomery, since the absorption of elaidic acid differs markedly from its isomer oleic acid.

scholarly journals Screening of Cotton Genotypes for Protein Content, Oil and Fatty Acid Composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuksel Bolek ◽  
Halil Tekerek ◽  
Khezir Hayat ◽  
Adem Bardak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Nervonic Acid ◽  
Cotton Genotypes

<p>The increase in the population at the global level necessitates to explore promising approaches to increase food supply, including protein and oil, to meet the needs of the people. Cotton is one of the most important oil producing crops and cottonseed meal provides important protein nutrients as animal feed. However, information on the genetic basis of cottonseed oil and protein contents is lacking. In this study; protein contents, oil and fatty acid composition of 124 cotton genotypes were observed for developing new cultivars. Accelerated Solvent Extraction method used for determining fat ratio; Gas Chromatography employed for fatty acid analysis while protein contents were analyzed by Kjeldahl method. Average crude oil 31.0%, total fat contents varied from 23.11 to 37.70% while mean protein content 38.0% were observed among genotypes. The dominating fatty acids included linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid (46.91, 25.73 and 20.21%) respectively, while linolenic acid (0.13%), r-linolenic (0.33%), palmitoleic acid (0.64%), myristic acid (0.88%), nervonic acid (1%) and stearic acid (2.38%) had variations in fatty acid contents. Frequency distribution of the parameters showed a normal distribution and differences among genotypes for the traits studied were statistically highly significant. Prinicipal component analysis showed a complex opposite relationship with a total protein and oil contents. Genotypes; Fantom for protein, Cirpan 60 for total crude oil, Stoneville 468 and YB195 for higher amount of fatty acids especially oleic acid; can be used for improvement of cottonseed quality in breeding programs.</p>

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