scholarly journals Otolith microchemistry and diadromy in Patagonian river fishes

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Alò ◽  
Cristian Correa ◽  
Horacio Samaniego ◽  
Corey A. Krabbenhoft ◽  
Thomas F. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Sr:Ca Ratios ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Latitudinal Range

Coastal habitats in Chile are hypothesized to support a number of diadromous fish species. The objective of this study was to document migratory life histories of native galaxiids and introduced salmonids from a wide latitudinal range in Chilean Patagonia (39–48°S). Otolith microchemistry data were analysed using a recursive partitioning approach to test for diadromy. Based on annular analysis of Sr:Ca ratios, a diadromous life history was suggested for populations of native Aplochiton taeniatus, A. marinus, and Galaxias maculatus. Lifetime residency in freshwater was suggested for populations of A. zebra and G. platei. Among introduced salmonids, populations of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. kisutch exhibited patterns consistent with anadromy, whereas the screened population of O. mykiss appeared restricted to freshwater. Salmo trutta exhibited variable patterns suggesting freshwater residency and possibly anadromy in one case. The capacity and geographic scope of hydropower development is increasing and may disrupt migratory routes of diadromous fishes. Identification of diadromous species is a critical first step for preventing their loss due to hydropower development.

scholarly journals Otolith microchemistry identifies diadromous populations of Patagonian river fishes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Alò ◽  
Cristián Correa ◽  
Horacio Samaniego ◽  
Corey A. Krabbenhoft ◽  
Thomas F. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
University Of New Mexico ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
The Government

Compliance with Ethical StandardsOtolith analysis was funded by a RAC grant from the University of New Mexico, USA. The Government of Chile supported the drafting of this document with a CONICYT Doctoral Fellowship to D. Alò in 2015 and to C. Correa through grants CONICYT-PAI N°82130009, and FONDECYT-Iniciación en la Investigación N°11150990.All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Specimens were collected under permits No. 3587, 29 December 2006, and No. 2886, 4 November 2008 (amendment No. 602, 12 February 2009) granted by the Chilean Subsecretary of Fishing to C. Correa. The McGill University Animal Care Committee (UACC), Animal Use Protocol No. 5291, approved use and handling of animals.AbstractCoastal habitats in Chile are hypothesized to support a number of diadromous fishes. The objective of this study was to document migratory life histories of native galaxiids and introduced salmonids from a wide latitudinal range in Chilean Patagonia (39-48°S). Otolith microchemistry data were analysed using a recursive partitioning approach to test for diadromy. Based on annular analysis of Sr:Ca ratios, a diadromous life history was detected for populations of native Aplochiton taeniatus, A. marinus, and Galaxias maculatus. Lifetime residency in freshwater was suggested for populations of A. zebra and G. platei. Among introduced salmonids, populations of Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and O. kisutch exhibited anadromous migratory patterns, whereas the population of O. mykiss screened appeared restricted to freshwater. Salmo trutta exhibited variable habitat use consistent with establishment of an ocean-type life history in some populations. The capacity and geographic scope of hydropower development is increasing and may disrupt migratory routes of diadromous fishes. Identification of diadromous species is a critical first step for preventing their loss due to hydropower development.

An examination of the PCB: lipid relationship among individual fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
C A Stow ◽  
L J Jackson ◽  
J F Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Relationship

We examined data from 1984 to 1994 for five species of Lake Michigan salmonids to explore the relationship between total PCB concentration and percent lipid. When we compared mean species lipid and PCB values, we found a strong linear correlation. When we compared values among individuals, we found modest positive PCB:lipid associations in brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected during spawning, but positive associations were not apparent among nonspawning individuals. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exhibited no discernible PCB:lipid relationship. Our results are not incompatible with previous observations that contaminants are differentially partitioned into lipids within a fish, but these results do suggest that lipids are not a major factor influencing contaminant uptake.

scholarly journals The effects of population synchrony, life history, and access constraints on benefits from fishing portfolios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiva L. Oken ◽  
André E Punt ◽  
Daniel S. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Population Synchrony ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Interannual Fluctuations ◽  
Short Time

Natural resources often exhibit large interannual fluctuations in productivity driven by shifting environmental conditions, and this translates to high variability in the revenue resource users can earn. However, users can dampen this variability by harvesting a portfolio of resources. In the context of fisheries, this means targeting multiple populations, though the ability to actually build diverse fishing portfolios is often constrained by the costs and availability of fishing permits. These constraints are generally intended to prevent overcapitalization of the fleet and ensure populations are fished sustainably. As linked human-natural systems, both ecological and fishing dynamics influence the specific advantages and disadvantages of increasing the diversity of fishing portfolios. Specifically, a portfolio of synchronous populations with similar responses to environmental drivers should reduce revenue variability less than a portfolio of asynchronous populations with opposite responses. We built a bioeconomic model characterized by the Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and groundfish fisheries in the California Current, and used it to explore the influence of population synchrony and permit access on revenue patterns. As expected, synchronous populations reduced revenue variability less than asynchronous populations, but only for portfolios including crab and salmon. Synchrony with longer-lived groundfish populations was not important because environmentally-driven changes in groundfish early life survival were mediated by growth and natural mortality over the full population age structure, and overall biomass was relatively stable across years. Thus, building a portfolio of diverse life histories can buffer against the impacts of extremely poor environmental conditions over short time scales, though not for long-term declines. Increasing access to all permits generally led to increased revenue stability and decreased inequality of the fleet, but also resulted in less revenue earned by an individual from a given portfolio because more vessels shared the available biomass. This means managers are faced with a tradeoff between the average revenue individuals earn and the risk those individuals accept. These results illustrate the importance of considering connections between social and ecological dynamics when evaluating management options that constrain or facilitate fishers’ ability to diversify their fishing.

Examining the potential of otolith chemistry to determine natal origins of wild Lake Michigan Chinook salmon

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2035-2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Maguffee ◽  
Reneé Reilly ◽  
Richard Clark ◽  
Michael L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Scale

Previous research has demonstrated a large movement of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Lake Huron to Lake Michigan, suggesting the potential for wild fish to exhibit similar movement patterns. We assessed the feasibility of using otolith microchemistry to estimate the natal source composition of wild Chinook salmon in Lake Michigan and evaluate interbasin movement. Otolith pairs were extracted from juvenile and adult fish collected in 2015 and 2016 from Great Lakes tributaries. Otoliths were analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to determine trace element concentrations, and four multivariate classification algorithms were evaluated for classification accuracy. Juvenile data reclassified to their natal regions with up to 89% success on a basin level, with a random forest approach performing the best among all models. Assigning adults to their natal origins resulted in more success on a basin-wide scale (74% to 88%) compared with a regional scale (32% to 51%), but success was still below juvenile reclassification accuracy. Our findings suggest that otolith microchemistry can be used to estimate wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement and that classification accuracy can be improved by matching juvenile and adult year classes in our assessment samples. Ultimately, we intend to use these models to assess the effects of wild Chinook salmon interbasin movement on Lake Michigan predatory demand and evaluate the risks of various stocking alternatives.

Analysis of microsatellite DNA resolves genetic structure and diversity of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in California’s Central Valley

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Banks ◽  
Vanessa K Rashbrook ◽  
Marco J Calavetta ◽  
Cheryl A Dean ◽  
Dennis Hedgecock
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Microsatellite Dna Markers ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Methods ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity

We use 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess genetic diversity within and among the four runs (winter, spring, fall, and late fall) of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in California's Central Valley. Forty-one population samples are studied, comprising naturally spawning and hatchery stocks collected from 1991 through 1997. Maximum likelihood methods are used to correct for kinship in juvenile samples and run admixture in adult samples. Through simulation, we determine the relationship between sample size and number of alleles observed at polymorphic microsatellite markers. Most samples have random-mating equilibrium proportions of single and multilocus genotypes. Temporal and spatial genetic heterogeneity is minimal among samples within subpopulations. An FST of 0.082 among subpopulations, however, indicates substantial divergence among runs. Thus, with the exception of our discovery of two distinct lineages of spring run, genetic structure accords with the diverse chinook life histories seen in the Central Valley and provides a means for discrimination of protected populations.

Retrospective examination of habitat use by blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) using otolith microchemical methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly L. Payne Wynne ◽  
Karen A. Wilson ◽  
Karin E. Limburg
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
First Year ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Blueback Herring ◽  
Alosa Aestivalis ◽  
Sr:Ca Ratios ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Retrospective Examination ◽  
Diadromous Species

Understanding the location and duration of habitat use by young fish is important for management and restoration efforts, but is largely unknown in anadromous species. We used otolith microchemistry and ambient water concentrations of Ca, Ba, Mn, and Sr to identify habitat use in the first year of growth for 131 returning adult blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) collected in seven spawning runs along the coast of Maine, USA. Ambient Sr:Ca ratios were correlated with salinity and were used as primary indicators of habitat use. Results revealed variable individual migration histories with several discrete migratory patterns; some fish migrated into seawater well before the end of the first year, while the majority exhibited longer residency in freshwater or low salinity habitat. Total area of available habitats ranged from approximately 213 to 6053 ha fresh water and 204 to 3395 ha estuary. Residency in freshwater or low salinity habitats was positively correlated with extent of freshwater habitat (r = 0.37, P < 0.001). Results emphasize the importance of conserving a variety of habitat types to maintain variation in life histories and ensure plasticity in migratory behavior of diadromous species.

scholarly journals Juvenile life-history diversity and population stability of spring Chinook salmon in the Willamette River basin, Oregon

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kirk Schroeder ◽  
Luke D. Whitman ◽  
Brian Cannon ◽  
Paul Olmsted
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Willamette River ◽  
June July ◽  
Willamette River Basin

Migratory and rearing pathways of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were documented in the Willamette River basin to identify life histories and estimate their contribution to smolt production and population stability. We identified six primary life histories that included two phenotypes for early migratory tactics: fry that migrated up to 140–200 km shortly after emergence (movers) and fish that reared for 8–16 months in natal areas (stayers). Peak emigration of juvenile salmon from the Willamette River was in June–July (subyearling smolts), March–May (yearling smolts), and November–December (considered as “autumn smolts”). Alternative migratory behaviors of juvenile salmon were associated with extensive use of diverse habitats that eventually encompassed up to 400 rkm of the basin, including tributaries in natal areas and large rivers. Juvenile salmon that reared in natal reaches and migrated as yearlings were the most prevalent life history and had the lowest temporal variability. However, the total productivity of the basin was increased by the contribution of fish with dispersive life histories, which represented over 50% of the total smolt production. Life-history diversity reduced the variability in the total smolt population by 35% over the weighted mean of individual life histories, providing evidence of a considerable portfolio effect through the asynchronous contributions of life histories. Protecting and restoring a diverse suite of connected habitats in the Willamette River basin will promote the development and expression of juvenile life histories, thereby providing stability and resilience to native salmon populations.

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