scholarly journals New insight into the phylogeographic pattern ofLiriodendron chinense(Magnoliaceae) revealed by chloroplast DNA: east–west lineage split and genetic mixture within western subtropical China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihong Yang ◽  
Yongda Zhong ◽  
Shujuan Liu ◽  
Lipan Liu ◽  
Tengyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
East West

BackgroundSubtropical China is a global center of biodiversity and one of the most important refugia worldwide. Mountains play an important role in conserving the genetic resources of species.Liriodendron chinenseis a Tertiary relict tree largely endemic to subtropical China. In this study, we aimed to achieve a better understanding of the phylogeographical pattern ofL. chinenseand to explore the role of mountains in the conservation ofL. chinensegenetic resources.MethodsThree chloroplast regions (psbJ-petA,rpl32-ndhF, andtrnK5’-matK) were sequenced in 40 populations ofL. chinensefor phylogeographical analyses. Relationships among chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) haplotypes were determined using median-joining networks, and genetic structure was examined by spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). The ancestral area of the species was reconstructed using the Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo (BBM) method according to its geographic distribution and a maximum parsimony (MP) tree based on Bayesian methods.ResultsObvious phylogeographic structure was found inL. chinense. SAMOVA revealed seven groups matching the major landscape features of theL. chinensedistribution area. The haplotype network showed three clades distributed in the eastern, southwestern, and northwestern regions. Separate northern and southern refugia were found in the Wu Mountains and Yungui Plateau, with genetic admixture in the Dalou Mountains and Wuling Mountains. BBM revealed a more ancient origin ofL. chinensein the eastern region, with a west–east split most likely having occurred during the Mindel glacial stage.DiscussionThe clear geographical distributions of haplotypes suggested multiple mountainous refugia ofL. chinense. The east–west lineage split was most likely a process of gradual genetic isolation and allopatric lineage divergence when the Nanling corridor was frequently occupied by evergreen or coniferous forest during Late Quaternary oscillations. Hotspots of haplotype diversity in the Dalou Mountains and Wuling Mountains likely benefited from gene flow from the Wu Mountains and Yungui Plateau. Collectively, these results indicate that mountain regions should be the main units for conserving and collecting genetic resources ofL. chinenseand other similar species in subtropical China.

scholarly journals Subtle East–West Phylogeographic Break of Asteropyrum (Ranunculaceae) in Subtropical China and Adjacent Areas

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Shanmei Cheng ◽  
Weidong Zeng ◽  
Dengmei Fan ◽  
Hua Liang ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Genetic Admixture ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Phylogeographic Break ◽  
East West

East–west phylogeographic break is common among plant species in subtropical China. However, the estimation time of east–west phylogeographic break has always relied on inferences of calibrated phylogenies, and the contribution of environmental heterogeneity to population differentiation has largely been ignored. In this study, we estimated the divergence time of Asteropyrum populations through coalescent-based approaches based on DNA sequences of ten nuclear loci and evaluated the contribution of environmental heterogeneity to population differentiation. The results showed that there were two chloroplast clades and nuclear groups within Asteropyrum, displaying a subtle pattern of east–west differentiation. The divergence time of the two nuclear groups was dated to ~1.2 Ma, which is associated with climate changes during the Mid-Pleistocene transition. A genetic admixture event between the two genetic groups happened at ~0.46 Ma, resulting in several admixed populations. Isolation by environmental distance (IBE) explained the majority (46.32%) of population differentiation, but that isolation by geographic distance (IBD) only contributed 4.66%. The results of this study suggest that climate changes during the Pleistocene may be a major cause for the east–west phylogeographic break in subtropical China. However, the complex terrain and high environmental heterogeneity in the west of subtropical China (and adjacent regions such as the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayan Moutains) caused by strong geological uplift may have profoundly shaped the population structure of plant species in subtropical China.

ALLOCATION OF SOURCES AND DONORS OF ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS FROM THE COLLECTION MATERIAL OF CUCUMBER TO CREATE HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
N. V. Kulyakina ◽  
G. A. Kuzmitskaya ◽  
T. K. Yurechko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Damage Degree ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Far Eastern

The downy mildew (peronosporosis) is the most dangerous and harmful cucumber disease in the Far-Eastern region. Its harmfulness is the highest during the period of flowering – fruiting, because it may completely ruin the cucumber plants both in open and protected ground. Use of cucumber sorts with effective genes that are resistant to the disease is the most efficient way to fight cucumber peronosporosis. In this connection the publication adduces the facts of study the sorts and hybrids of different ecological and geographical origin from the genetic resources collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in comparison with three zoned sorts of DV NIISH selection – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. The aim of researches – to identify the sort samples cucumber according to the main economically valuable traits and also to the degree resistance of genetypes to the main disease of the culture in the region – downy mildew (peronosporosis), for allow to select the source material for the creation of sorts and hybrids, highly productive and resistant to biotic and abiotic stress environmental factors in the monsoon climate conditions of Khabarovsk region. The perspective genetypes having both the resistance to the diseases and productivity are not revealed as a result of the evaluation of the collection of cucumber samples according to their susceptibility by fungus diseases and productivity. Slavyanskiy (Belarus) is more resistant to peronosporosis, especially in 2016 year conditions, although it was inferior to the damage degree of disease to the zoned sorts – Mig, Khabar, Amurchonok. This perspective sample is planned to be used as a source of donors of the main economically valuable traits in a further selective work.

scholarly journals Variations in the Distribution and Genetic Relationships among Luciola unmunsana Populations in South Korea

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Tae-Su Kim ◽  
Kwanik Kwon ◽  
Gab-Sue Jang
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Ecological Landscape ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship ◽  
East West

The firefly species Luciola unmunsana was first discovered on the Unmunsan Mountain in Cheongdo-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea and consequently named after the mountain. The population and habitats of this once-abundant species have recently decreased significantly due to light and environmental pollution caused by industrialization and urbanization. This study investigated the distribution and density of L. unmunsana around the ecological landscape conservation area of the Unmunsan Mountain. Additionally, we conducted molecular experiments on regional variations, genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the various populations of L. unmunsana in South Korea. The genetic relationships among populations were also analyzed using mitochondrial DNA by collecting 15 male adults from each of the 10 regions across South Korea selected for analysis. Differences were observed between populations in the east, west and south of the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range. The firefly populations collected from the eastern region, which included Gyeongsang-do, showed a close genetic relationship with fireflies collected from the Unmunsan Mountain. Thus, the findings of this study can be used as baseline data for re-introducing L. unmunsana to the Unmunsan Mountain.

THE MALVI CAMEL: A NEWLY DISCOVERED BREED FROM INDIA

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Ilse Köhler Rollefson ◽  
H. S. Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Distinct Population ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Animal Genetic Resources

SUMARYThis paper describes the Malvi camel, a very distinctive breed from northern Madhya Pradesh (India), which is characterized by considerable milk production potential. Although the Malvi camel has long been recognized as a distinct population by local camel breeders, scientists were previously not aware of the existence of this breed. Information about the distribution area, estimated population size, and physical characteristics of the Malvi camel is provided and the prevailing management and production system is described. It is concluded that the Malvi camel represents a valuable genetic resource and that steps are necessary to ensure its survival as a separate gene-pool. The way in which this breed was discovered also demonstrates the need for utilizing local indigenous knowledge in the identification and documentation process of animal genetic resources.

scholarly journals Geological Guide to Selected Areas of the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Bristow ◽  
R. Sweeney ◽  
F.J. Venter
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Granitoid Rocks ◽  
Western Half ◽  
East West

The Kruger National Park (KNP) contains a considerable variety of rock types, ranging from Archaean granitoids to Recent sedimentary deposits. Some 3 500 million years of geological history is represented in an approximately 85 km east-west section at the southern area of the Kruger National Park. Older rocks are typically found in the western half of the KNP and to the east rock units become progressively younger. Some of the more important rock types found in the KNP include greenstones of the Barberton Mountain Land (approximately 3 500 million years old), granitoid rocks of the Nelspruit Batholith (approximately 3 200 million years old), syenitic intrusions associated with the Phalaborwa Complex (approximately 2 050 million years old), Soutpansberg volcanics and sediments (approximately 1 750 million years old), Timbavati Gabbros (approximately 1 450 million years old?), Karoo sediments and Lebombo volcanics (approximately 200 - 170 million years old) and Cretaceous to Recent sedimentary deposits which are best developed in the eastern region of the park.

scholarly journals Assessment of plant species diversity associated with the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua, Fabaceae) at the Mediterranean scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Baumel ◽  
Pascal Mirleau ◽  
Juan Viruel ◽  
Magda Bou Dagher Kharrat ◽  
Stefano La Malfa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Restoration Ecology ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Carob Tree ◽  
The Mediterranean

Background and aims – The thermophilous woodlands of the Mediterranean region constitute reservoirs of genetic resources for several fruit trees. Among them, the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) is a key component of traditional Mediterranean agroecosystems but its ecology was never assessed at the scale of its whole distribution area. Fortunately, phytosociological literature shelters invaluable resources for several issues in conservation, among them the possibility to analyse plant biodiversity at regional or continental scale. Here, we present the results of a comprehensive survey of the phytosociological literature associated to carob tree. Methods – We collected 1542 floristic relevés performed in 18 geographical areas distributed around the Mediterranean in which the presence of C. siliqua was recorded. Species composition of the plant communities was analysed by multivariate ordination and hierarchical classification, and species diversity was evaluated by rarefaction and prediction analyses of Hill numbers. Key results – Multivariate analyses revealed that plant communities associated with the carob tree are well differentiated between the Western and Eastern basins. A wider range of floristic differentiation is revealed in the Western basin where the vegetation reaches its maximal heterogeneity. By comparison, in the Eastern basin the plant assemblages associated with the carob tree are more homogeneous and with a lower species richness but a higher Simpson diversity. Conclusions – The large ecological range of the Mediterranean carob trees is potentially an important evolutionary legacy for the conservation of genetic resources and seed sourcing for new uses such as restoration ecology.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the American Woodcock (Scolopax Minor): Are Management Units Based on Band Recovery Data Reflected in Genetically Based Management Units?

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1160
Author(s):  
Judith M. Rhymer ◽  
Daniel G. McAuley ◽  
Heather L. Ziel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Management Units ◽  
American Woodcock ◽  
Scolopax Minor

Abstract Information on population connectivity throughout the annual cycle has become more crucial, because populations of many migratory birds are in decline. One such species is the American Woodcock (Scolopax minor), which inhabits early-successional forests in eastern North America. Although band recoveries have proved useful for dividing populations of this game bird species into an Eastern Region and Central Region for management purposes, these data do not provide enough detail to determine the breeding population of origin of birds recovered on stopover and wintering areas. To obtain more fine-scale data, we undertook a phylogeographic study of American Woodcock populations throughout their primary breeding range in the eastern United States and Canada using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from the hypervariable control region I (CRI) and ND6 gene. Despite high haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity was low and there was no phylogeographic structure among American Woodcock populations across the species range, with birds from many states and provinces in both management regions sharing identical haplotypes. Results suggest recent or ongoing gene flow among populations, with asymmetric movement of birds between migration flyways. As has been demonstrated for several other avian species in North America, American Woodcock appear to have undergone a rapid population expansion following the late Pleistocene glacial retreat. Thus, a combination of historical demographic factors and recent or ongoing gene flow mask any population structure based on mtDNA that might accrue from philopatry to breeding areas observed in studies of marked birds. Phylogéographie de Scolopax minor: Est-ce que les Unités de Gestion Basées sur les Données de Retour de Bagues Reflètent les Unités de Gestion Basées sur la Génétique?

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