scholarly journals Chronic intake of high-dose of blueberry leaf extract does not augment the harmful effects of ethanol in rats

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaede Yamasaki ◽  
Kazuhiro Sugamoto ◽  
Teruaki Arakawa ◽  
Kazuo Nishiyama ◽  
Masao Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Carbonyl Protein ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Expression And Activity

Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for liver diseases. Enhancement of alcohol metabolism could be an effective strategy to prevent these adverse effects since it promotes the clearance of ethanol and acetaldehyde from the serum. Polyphenol-rich products have shown to protect against alcohol-related liver damage. Blueberry leaves have attracted attention as they are rich polyphenols such as proantocyanidins and chlorogenic acid. In this study, we investigated the effects of a high dose of blueberry leaf extract (BLEx) on alcohol metabolism during chronic intake of ethanol. Seven-week old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: normal liquid diet group (NLD), normal liquid diet + BLEx group (NLD + BLEx), alcohol liquid diet group (ALD), and alcohol liquid diet + BLEx (ALD + BLEx). Then, rats were fed experimental diet for 5 weeks and at the end of feeding period, body weight, food intake, liver weight, indices of liver injury, expression and activity of alcohol metabolism-related and anti-oxidative enzymes, and levels of carbonyl protein, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-Chol) were measured. Body weight and food intake decreased, whereas liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, liver microsomal cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein and mRNA expression, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA expression were upregulated by ethanol intake. Dietary BLEx, however, did not affect any of these ethanol-related changes. Indices of liver injury, expression and activity of other alcohol metabolism-related enzymes, liver carbonyl protein, TG, and T-Chol levels were not altered by ethanol and BLEx. Thus, chronic BLEx intake does not ameliorate the harmful effects of ethanol.

scholarly journals Antimalaria and Hematological Properties of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Pennisetum purpureum on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. N. Ekene ◽  
O. M. Odigie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Parasite Count ◽  
Genus Plasmodium ◽  
Group I

Through bite from a female Anopheles mosquito, Malaria is transmitted by infection with single-celled parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Studies have shown it to be characterized by periodic bouts of severe chills, accompanied with high fever. It has been suggested that Pennisetum purpureum possess antiplasmodial effects, however, no scientific record(s) yet exist(s) to validate this claim. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the anti-malaria and haematological properties of ethanol leaf extract of P. purpureum in Plasmodium berghei -infected mice. Thirty-Five (35) albino mice (20g) were procured, acclimatized (for two weeks) and assigned to five groups of 7 mice each. With group I receiving standard rat feed ad-libitum (control), Groups II through V were respectively infected with Plasmodium berghei (malaria infected, untreated), Plasmodium berghei infected + treated with 5mg/kg body weight of Artesunate (malaria infected, Artesunate treated), infected with Plasmodium berghei + treated with 200mg/kg body weight of Pennisetum  purpureum (malaria infected, low dose extract treated), and infected with Plasmodium berghei + treated with 400mg/kg body weight of Pennisetum  purpureum (malaria infected, high dose extract treated). After 21 days of administration, mice were sacrificed, blood samples collected, centrifuged for 10 minutes at 300g, and resulting supernatant biochemically analysed for hematologic changes. Result showed a significant increase in initial parasite count across groups except control. Administration of Artesunate also caused a significant (p < .05) reduction in parasite counts upon comparison with control. More so, administration of low and high dose extract caused a significant (p < .05) reduction in parasite count following comparison with control. Administration of 200mg/kg caused the highest parasitemia suppression than high dose. We recommend for further evaluation of the plant in other to identify active ingredients responsible for the observed antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals To evaluate and compare the efficacy of alcoholic and aqueous extract of Lagenaria siceraria in high fat diet model in wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Shirish S. Joshi ◽  
Firoz M. Tadavi ◽  
Amit R. Birajdar ◽  
Snehalata V. Gajbhiye ◽  
Anagha A. Shende
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Abdominal Girth

Background: Obesity is not only affecting the affluent society but also affecting developing countries like India. The incidence of obesity is rapidly increasing throughout the world. However, the current anti-obesity drugs have numerous limitations.Methods: The obesity was induced in male wistar rats by giving high-fat diet over 12 weeks. The variables assessed were body weight, abdominal girth, blood triglyceride level, liver weight and fat mass and histopathology of liver. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Lagenaria siceraria (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg Doses) were compared to orlistat (treatment control) and high-fat diet group (disease control) for different variables.Results: Alcoholic and aqueous extracts high dose (400mg/kg) of Lagenaria siceraria significantly reduced total body weight (p<0.05), abdominal girth (p <0.05) at week 10 and 12 compared to high fat diet group. Alcoholic extract (400mg/kg) significantly reduced total blood triglyceride level (p <0.05) and total liver weight (p <0.05) compared to high-fat diet group. None of the study drugs reduced % liver weight. Alcoholic extract high dose (p <0.05) has shown improvement in histopathological score. Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts have shown reduced fat mass compared to high-fat diet group.Conclusions: The alcoholic extract (400mg/kg) of Lagenaria siceraria alleviated high fat diet induced obesity and dyslipidemic changes in rats. The alcoholic extract of Lagenaria siceraria is having better anti-obesity potential than aqueous extract.

scholarly journals SODIUM FLUORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SWISS ALBINO MICE AND AMELIORATION BY OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwendra Prakash ◽  
Suresh Kumar Sabal ◽  
Rajbala Verma ◽  
John Pj ◽  
Inderpal Soni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in Swiss albino mice and amelioration by Ocimum sanctum Linn.Methods: Mice were divided into six groups, Group I received tap water, Group II received low dose of NaF (8 mg/L), Group III high dose of NaF (80 mg/L) in drinking water, Group IV tap water along with 250 mg/kg body weight/day leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., Group V 8 mg/L NaF in drinking water and 250 mg/kg body weight leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., and Group VI 80 mg/L NaF in drinking water along with leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. 250 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. On the 91st day, the animals were autopsied and liver tissue samples were taken to assess histopathological changes and oxidative stress by estimating glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.Results: A highly significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred with the high dose (Group III). Hepatic histopathological architecture exhibited deformities, namely, ballooning, hypertrophy, hepatocellular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells, deformed central vein, sinusoidal dilation, and binucleated cells. Low-dose group (Group II) showed a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels as compared to control group, and histological sections of liver showed dilated sinusoids, infiltration of mononuclear cells, ballooning, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Groups IV and V showed no pathological features. Group VI showed less damage to the liver as compared to Group III.Conclusion: The results revealed that the administration of leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. elicited protection against NaF-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. It may, therefore, be inferred that fluoride caused hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels can be ameliorated by O. sanctum Linn.

scholarly journals Kinsenoside Alleviates 17α-Ethinylestradiol-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Inflammatory Responses and Regulating FXR-Mediated Bile Acid Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Jiaxiong Ming ◽  
Qianqian Xu ◽  
Limin Gao ◽  
Yanfang Deng ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Injury

Cholestasis is an important predisposing factor of liver diseases, such as hepatocyte necrosis, liver fibrosis and primary biliary cirrhosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Kinsenoside (KD), a natural active ingredient of Anoectochilus roxburghii, on estrogen-induced cholestatic liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats and the underlying mechanism. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: control group, model group, low-dose KD group (50 mg/kg body weight, KD-L), medium-dose KD group (100 mg/kg body weight, KD-M), high-dose KD group (200 mg/kg body weight, KD-H) and ursodeoxycholic acid group (40 mg/kg body weight, UDCA). 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE) was used to establish an experimental animal model of estrogen-induced cholestasis (EIC). The results demonstrated that KD alleviated liver pathologic damage, serum biochemical status and inhibited hepatocellular microstructure disorder and bile duct hyperplasia in EE-induced cholestatic rats. Mechanically, KD alleviated EE-induced cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating bile acid homeostasis. Concretely, KD reduced the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 by inhibiting NF-κB p65 to suppress EE-mediated inflammation in rat liver. KD enhanced the expression of FXR and inhibited EE-mediated reduction of FXR in vitro and in vivo. It was the potential mechanism that KD mitigates cholestasis by increasing efflux and inhibiting uptake of bile acids via FXR-mediated induction of bile salt export pump (BSEP) and reduction of Na+-dependent taurocholate cotransport peptide (NTCP) to maintain bile acid homeostasis. Moreover, KD repressed the bile acid synthesis through reducing the expression of synthetic enzyme (CYP7A1), thereby normalizing the expression of metabolic enzyme (SULT2A1) of bile acid. In conclusion, our results revealed that KD may be an effective drug candidate for the treatment of cholestasis.

scholarly journals Screening of liver protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Callicarpa lanata (EECL) in ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in wister rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Zulfkar Latief Qadrie ◽  
Rajkapoor Balasubramanium ◽  
Shakil U. Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Serum Glutamate ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: The ethanolic extract of Callicarpa lanata (EECL), belonging to the family Verbenaceae, were studied for hepatoprotective activity in Wister rats with liver damage induced by ethanol.Methods: Ethanol treated rats showed significant increase in the levels of serum enzyme activities, total bilirubin and reduction in total proteins reflecting the liver injury caused by ethanol. EECL, at a dose of 400 and 200mg/kg body weight exhibited hepatoprotective effect by lowering the Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Alkaline Phosphate (SALP), Gama Glutamyl Transpeptidase (GGTP), total Bilirubin to a significant extent and also significantly increased the levels of total protein in a dose dependent manner.Results: The results were highly significant at dose level of 400mg/kg body weight (p <0.01) and significant at dose level of 200mg/kg body weight (p <0.05). The effects of EECL at both levels were comparable with standard drug silymarin. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver tissue.Conclusions: In-vivo hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Callicarpa lanata (EECL) against Ethanol induced acute liver injury in rats showed significant results in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Erratum for “Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Thunbergia laurifolia on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149
Author(s):  
Sarawoot Palipoch ◽  
Phanit Koomhin ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad ◽  
Prasit Suwannalert
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Injury ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of T. laurifolia against alcoholic liver injury in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered either normal saline, ethanol (EtOH), normal saline with low or high dose T. laurifolia leaf extract (TL-LD or TL-HD), EtOH with TL-LD or EtOH with TL-HD. Blood biochemical indices: hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, liver histopathology, hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expressions, were determined using standard methods. Results: The leaf extract of T. Laurifolia decreased hepatic MDA levels, improved liver pathology and down-regulated mRNA expressions of CYP2E1, NADPH oxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokinesin ethanol-treated rats. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that aqueous extract of T. Laurifolia exerts hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic liver injury through a mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.

scholarly journals Effect of aqueous leaf extract of Thunbergia laurifolia on alcohol-induced liver injury in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Sarawoot Palipoch ◽  
Phanit Koomhin ◽  
Chuchard Punsawad ◽  
Prasit Suwannalert
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Injury ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract

Purpose: To investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of T. laurifolia against alcoholic liver injury in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were administered either normal saline, ethanol (EtOH), normal saline with low or high dose T. laurifolia leaf extract (TL-LD or TL-HD), EtOH with TL-LD or EtOH with TL-HD. Blood biochemical indices: hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, liver histopathology, hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expressions, were determined using standard methods. Results: The leaf extract of T. Laurifolia decreased hepatic MDA levels, improved liver pathology and down-regulated mRNA expressions of CYP2E1, NADPH oxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokinesin ethanol-treated rats. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that aqueous extract of T. Laurifolia exerts hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic liver injury through a mechanism involving inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.

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