scholarly journals State and Regional Differences in the Male-to-female Ratio at Birth in the United States, 1995–2012

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Grech
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

scholarly journals The utility of ‘home-made’ reagent red blood cells for antibody screening during pre-transfusion compatibility testing in Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 782-787
Author(s):  
Bernard Natukunda ◽  
Robert Wagubi ◽  
Ivan Taremwa ◽  
Benson Okongo ◽  
Yona Mbalibulha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extended Phenotype ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Fusion Safety ◽  
Indirect Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Antiglobulin Test ◽  
Male To Female

Background: The WHO recommends that pre-transfusion testing should include ABO/RhD grouping followed by screen- ing for red blood cell (RBC) alloantibodies using the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT). However, in Uganda, current practice does not include RBC alloantibody screening. Objective: To assess the utility of ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs in alloantibody screening. Materials and methods: In a laboratory-based study, group O RhD positive volunteer donors were recruited and their extended phenotype performed for C, c, E, e, K, Fya, Fyb Jkb, S and s antigens. These ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs were preserved using Alsever’s solution and alloantibody detection tests performed. For quality assurance, repeat alloantibody screening of patients’ samples was done at Bloodworks Northwest Laboratory in Seattle, United States. Results: A total of 36 group O RhD positive individuals were recruited as reagent RBC donors (median age, 25 years; range, 21 – 58 years; male-to-female ratio, 1.6:1). Out of the 311 IATs performed, 32 (10.3%) were positive. Confirmatory IAT testing in the United States was in agreement with the findings in Uganda. Conclusion: Use of ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs during pre-transfusion testing in Uganda is feasible. We recommend the introduction of pre-transfusion IAT alloantibody screening in Uganda using ‘home-made’ reagent RBCs to improve trans- fusion safety. Keywords: Blood transfusion; ‘Home-made’ reagent RBCs; Pre-transfusion testing; RBC alloantibody screening; Uganda.

Asthma in the Critically Ill Patient

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Jonathan J. Danaraj ◽  
Augustine S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Male To Female

Asthma is a common condition that affects an estimated 24 million children and adults in the United States (prevalence, 8%-10%). Globally, over 300 million people are affected and the number is expected to increase. The age distribution is bimodal, but in most patients, asthma is diagnosed before age 18 years (male to female ratio, 2:1 in children; 1:1 in adults). Susceptibility to asthma is multifactorial with both genetic and environmental factors. The strongest risk factor is atopy, a sensitivity to the development of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to specific allergens. A person with atopy is 3- to 4-fold more likely to have asthma than a person without atopy. Other risk factors include birth weight, prematurity, tobacco use (including secondary exposure), and obesity.

Management of Suicidal Drug Overdose

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Andrea Marks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Troubled Youth ◽  
Male To Female

INCIDENCE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents, and yet for each fatality it is estimated that between 50 to 200 adolescents survive a suicide attempt. Most of the survivors have taken overdoses of drugs commonly found at home. The rate of suicide attempts that do not result in death peaks in adolescence. The male to female ratio is 1/2 and self-poisoning is usually the method. In contrast, suicide fatality rates generally increase with age. Overall, suicide is the ninth leading cause of death in the United States; the male to female ratio is 3/1; and the method used most often is fire-arms. Clearly, suicidal behavior by adolescents is a major health problem in the United States today. The usual challenge for the pediatrician is first managing an acute drug overdose and then facilitating subsequent psychosocial evaluation of the troubled youth. The key challenge is identification of disturbed individuals and their families prior to any suicidal acts. DIAGNOSIS AND PHYSIOLOGIC MANAGEMENT Most young people who present with a suicidal drug overdose are not comatose; many are asymptomatic. In such situations a careful history may be obtained from the patient to determine: the events surrounding the ingestion, which drug or drugs were taken, how much, and when the ingestion occurred.

Striking age differences of multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosis in patients of Indian and Pakistani descent in the United States compared to native countries.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13070-e13070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athira Unnikrishnan ◽  
Abdullah Mohammad Khan ◽  
Preeti Narayan ◽  
Maxim Norkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis ◽  
Male To Female

e13070 Background: Several studies from India and Pakistan have reported a median younger age of MM diagnosis as compared that of western population. The exact reason for the younger age of myeloma diagnosis in this population is not well understood. Methods: We used the SEER database to analyze age of MM diagnosis in subjects of Indian and Pakistani descent in the United States and compared it to the published data of MM diagnosis in India and Pakistan. Patients with ICD—O-3 morphologic codes (9732/3) and race code 15/16/17 identifying Asian Indians and Pakistanis were identified in the SEER registry data (1973-2013). Data on year of diagnosis, race, sex and age were collected. Four published retrospective studies involving local Indians or Pakistanis patients identified using PUBMED. Average Median age and male to female ratio (M: F) was calculated in both groups and compared for any difference Results: 146 myeloma patients of either Indian or Pakistani descent were identified from the SEER registry. The median age of diagnosis was 67 years with a mean age of 66.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1.41. The retrospective studies analyzed had a total of 495 myeloma patients with median age at diagnosis of 56 years and male to female ratio of 2.01, suggesting that multiple myeloma presented almost a decade earlier in native Indian and Pakistani patients compared to their US counter parts. Conclusions: Subjects in India and Pakistan were significantly younger at the time of MM diagnosis as compared to subjects of Indian and Pakistani descent diagnosed with MM in the US suggesting an environmental factor involved with myeloma genesis in subjects living in India and Pakistan. [Table: see text]

Presbyterians, Schisms, and Denominations

2019 ◽  
pp. 274-289
Author(s):  
P. C. Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
New School ◽  
Korean Presbyterian Church ◽  
Church Unity ◽  
Korean Presbyterian ◽  
Strong Commitment ◽  
Church Schism

Although Presbyterians have long professed a strong commitment to church unity, Presbyterian denominations have often been divided by schism. Major disagreements over theology have always played a central role in precipitating these schisms. However, class, ethnic, gender, racial, and regional differences and also personal conflicts have often also contributed significantly to schisms. An examination of the 1843 Great Disruption in Scotland, the 1837 Old School–New School Presbyterian Church schism in the United States, the 1903 formation of the Independent Presbyterian Church of Brazil, and the 1952 rupture that led to the establishment of the Korean Presbyterian Church (Kosin) illustrate this argument.

EPID-08. IMPORTANCE OF THE INTERSECTION OF AGE AND SEX TO UNDERSTAND VARIATION IN INCIDENCE AND SURVIVAL FOR PRIMARY MALIGNANT GLIOMAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi87-vi87
Author(s):  
Gi-Ming Wang ◽  
Gino Cioffi ◽  
Nirav Patil ◽  
Kristin Waite ◽  
Robert Lanese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common type of malignant brain and other CNS tumors, accounting for 80.8% of malignant primary brain and CNS tumors. They cause significant morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the intersection between age and sex to better understand variation of incidence and survival for glioma in the United States. METHODS Incidence data from 2000-2017 were obtained from the Central Crain Tumor Registry of the United States, which obtains data from the CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries and NCI’s Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER), and survival data from the CDC’s NPCR Registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates and rate ratios per 100,000 were generated to compare male-to-female incidence by age group. Cox proportional hazard models were performed by age group, generating hazard ratios to assess male-to-female survival differences. RESULTS Overall, glioma incidence was higher in males. Male-to-female incidence was lowest in ages 0-9 years (IRR: 1.04, 95% CI:1.01 - 1.07, p=0.003), increasing with age, peaking at 50-59 years (IRR:1.56, 95% CI: 1.53 - 1.59, p< 0.001). Females had worse survival for ages 0-9 (HR:0.93, 95% CI:0.87-0.99), though male survival was worse for all other age groups, with the difference highest in those 20-29 years (HR:1.36, 95% CI:1.28-1.44). Incidence and survival differences by age and sex also varied by histological subtype of glioma. CONCLUSION To better understand the variation in glioma incidence and survival, investigating the intersection of age and sex is key. The current work shows that the combined impact of these variables is dependent on glioma subtype. These results contribute to the growing understanding of sex and age differences that impact cancer incidence and survival.

COGNITIVE HABITS LINKED TO RESILIENCE: SURPRISING COMMONALITIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Improvement Plan ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Abstract Background: Research has documented many geographic inequities in health. Research has also documented that the way one thinks about health and quality of life (QOL) affects one’s experience of health, treatment, and one’s ability to cope with health problems. Purpose: We examined United-States (US) regional differences in QOL appraisal (i.e., the way one thinks about health and QOL), and whether resilience-appraisal relationships varied by region. Methods: Secondary analysis of 3,955 chronic-disease patients and caregivers assessed QOL appraisal via the QOL Appraisal Profile-v2 and resilience via the Centers for Disease Control Healthy Days Core Module. Covariates included individual-level and aggregate-level socioeconomic status (SES) characteristics. Zone improvement plan (ZIP) code was linked to publicly available indicators of income inequality, poverty, wealth, population density, and rurality. Multivariate and hierarchical residual modeling tested study hypotheses that there are regional differences in QOL appraisal and in the relationship between resilience and appraisal. Results: After sociodemographic adjustment, QOL appraisal patterns and the appraisal-resilience connection were virtually the same across regions. For resilience, sociodemographic variables explained 26 % of the variance; appraisal processes, an additional 17 %; and region and its interaction terms, just an additional 0.1 %. Conclusion: The study findings underscore a geographic universality across the contiguous US in how people think about QOL, and in the relationship between appraisal and resilience. Despite the recent prominence of divisive rhetoric suggesting vast regional differences in values, priorities, and experiences, our findings support the commonality of ways of thinking and responding to life challenges. These findings support the wide applicability of cognitive-based interventions to boost resilience. Keywords: appraisal; resilience; cognitive; quality of life; societal; geographic Abbreviations: MANOVA = Multivariate Analysis of Variance; PCA = principal components analysis; QOL = quality of life; SES = socioeconomic status; US = United States; ZIP = Zone Improvement Plan (postal code)

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