scholarly journals Development of Training Scenario Content for On-Site Commanders through Analysis of Response Failure Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Woo-Young Chun ◽  
Ji-Hee Lee ◽  
Hyung-Jun Kim

The aim of this study was to develop training content to strengthen the response capabilities of on-site commanders in actual fire sites. By analyzing past fire cases with insufficient fire responses during firefighting activities, it was determined that analyzing the causes through fire investigations and their corresponding responses is an important step. In addition, although identical fire occurrence situations cannot be reproduced, the causes and responses could be categorized similarly. In this study, the various problems occurring frequently during firefighting activities and factors affecting the response failures were analyzed according to the main causes of fires by building type. Thus, various training scenarios were developed and applied based on the above considerations.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Sheng-Wen Su ◽  
Shwn-Jen Lee ◽  
Mei-Wun Tsai ◽  
Hong-Ji Luo

Objective: To explore managers’ opinions on planning and design of location, building type, spatial layout, and interior design of adult day care centers (ADCCs). Background: The planning and design of new ADCCs affect subsequent service users and workflows. Studies explore the factors affecting such planning and design using qualitative methods and from the perspective of users. Quantitative methods are rarely employed to explore factors affecting planning and opinions on the design of ADCCs from administrators’ perspective. Methods: Stratified sampling was used to collect data from managers of ADCCs in Taiwan. A mixed-method approach with an analytic hierarchy process was used to quantify the relative importance of factors affecting location and building type selections. Participants responded to open-ended interview questions followed by focus group interviews to examine the key points for spatial layout and interior design. Results: The managers deemed support and attitudes from local residents (group weight = .208) and authorities (group weight = .187) as their first two critical location selection criteria. Regarding their opinions on the conditions of building type, those that prioritized the products and technologies of facility design were deemed the most critical (group weight = .193), followed by those that valued daylight quality (group weight = .161). Six key points of spatial layout and interior design were obtained from the focus group interviews. Conclusions: This study provides a reference for the effective planning of operations, including geographical location, building type, spatial layout, and interior refurbishment and design.


Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yunlin Zhang

The fire danger rating method currently used in the northern part of the Daxinganling Region with the most severe forest fires in China only uses weather variables without considering firebrands. The discrepancy between fire occurrence and fire risk by FFDWR (Forest Fire-Danger Weather Rating, a method issued by the National Meteorological Bureau, that is used to predict forest fire probability through links between forest fire occurrence and weather variables) in the northern part is more obvious than that in the southern part. Great discrepancy has emerged between fire danger predicted by the method and actual fire occurrence in recent years since a strict firebrand prohibition policy has significantly reduced firebrands in the region. A probabilistic method predicting fire probability by introducing an Ignition Component (IC) in the National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) adopted in the United States to depict effects of both firebrand and weather-fuel complex on fire occurrence is developed to solve the problem. The suitability and accuracy of the new method in the region were assessed. Results show that the method is suitable in the region. IC or the modified IC can be adopted to depict the effect of the weather-fuel complex on fire occurrence and to rate fire danger for periods with fewer firebrands. Fire risk classes and corresponding preparedness level can be determined from IC in the region. Methods of the same principle could be established to diminish similar discrepancy between actual fire occurrence and fire danger in other countries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9500
Author(s):  
Aisha Hassan ◽  
Li Cui-Xia ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Muzaffar Iqbal ◽  
Kramat Hussain ◽  
...  

Safety issues in the dairy industry have attracted greater attention in recent years, and the public have showed an intensive concern regarding safety failure in the dairy supply chain. Since the dairy industry is closely associated with humans and fulfills basic necessities, it is necessary to explore safety failure factors (SFFs) affecting the supply chain of the dairy industry. This paper aims to explore the SFFs of the dairy supply chain using an interpretive structural modeling technique (ISM) and Matrice d’Impacts Croises Multiplication Appliques a un Classement (MICMAC) analysis in a Pakistani context. A total of twenty-five failure factors have been identified through literature reviews and the opinion of an expert team, including managerial and technical experts from the dairy industry, as well as academics. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) is applied to analyze the mutual interaction among barriers and to develop a structural model. The MICMAC technique is used to identify the importance of SFFs based on their driving and dependence power. The results of this study will help decision-makers in the dairy industry to plan their supply chain activities more effectively and efficiently by managing the identified barriers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Raw A Hijazi

Construction industry is crucial for the economy of any country. Learning from failure is important to reach effective quality performance in construction projects. This will, in turn, contribute to the development of the construction industry and the country as a whole. Although quality is an important criterion in the project management success, but it receives less attention than cost and time in project management literature. Moreover, critical success factors (CSFs) are identified more often than critical failure factors (CFFs) in construction literature. Hence, there is still a lack of attention on critical failure factors affecting quality performance in construction projects. Construction industry is full of uncertainties, especially in the current era of COVID-19 Pandemic. This adds to the necessity of studying critical failure factors in construction industry. This study aims to identify the critical factors that have adverse effect on quality performance in construction projects, address their relative importance, and suggest ways to attain good quality performance in construction projects. Based on literature review, an initial list of failure attributes of quality performance in construction projects was prepared. Then it was refined based on suggestions from experienced professionals in the construction industry in the Jordanian context. A questionnaire was distributed to experts in the construction industry. The responses were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The analyses used here are factor analysis and tests of its appropriateness. Using these analyses, the most critical factors that impede quality performance in construction were identified and ranked. The study revealed that the most influencing failure factors are the managerial factor, the culture and environment factor, and the contractor factor.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sy Tien Do ◽  
Viet Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Chau Ngoc Dang

PurposeThis study aims to discover the impact of failure factors on stakeholder coordination performance (SCP) in the finishing phase of high-rise building projects.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, this study identifies potential failure factors affecting coordination performance as well as criteria for measuring SCP in the finishing phase of high-rise building projects. Afterwards, a survey questionnaire is designed to collect data from high-rise building projects in Vietnam. Using the factor analysis method, the study discovers the failure constructs. A structural equation model is then built to uncover the relationships between failure constructs and SCP.FindingsThe study identified four failure constructs which could significantly affect SCP, namely traditional adversarial relationship (TAR), incompetent parties (IP), poor project planning and organization (PPO) and delays of parties toward construction works (DP). The developed model indicated that TAR, PPO and IP significantly affected stakeholders' coordination performance in the finishing phase of high-rise building projects.Originality/valueThe results of the study fill the gap in knowledge by discovering the causal relationships between failure constructs and SCP in high-rise building projects. The results might provide an initial guideline for stakeholders during the finishing phase of high-rise building projects to enhance their coordination performance.


2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
M. Odeh ◽  
R. Tendler ◽  
M. Kais ◽  
V. Grinin ◽  
O. Maximovsky ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
F. A. Heckman ◽  
E. Redman ◽  
J.E. Connolly

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.


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