Development of Hybrid Cowl Cross Member

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
Dong Il Son ◽  
Dong Hyuk Choi ◽  
Hyun Tae Hwang ◽  
Sang Woo So ◽  
Sun Kyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Member

On the Future of the Financial Redistribution across Member States in the EU

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Sándor Richter
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Member States ◽  
New Member States ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Cross Member ◽  
Expenditure Structure ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

The order and modalities of cross-member state redistribution as well as the net financial position of the member states are one of the most widely discussed aspects of European integration. The paper addresses selected issues in the current debate on the EU budget for the period 2007 to 2013 and introduces four scenarios. The first is identical to the European Commission's proposal; the second is based on reducing the budget to 1% of the EU's GNI, as proposed by the six net-payer countries, while maintaining the expenditure structure of the Commission's proposal. The next two scenarios represent radical reforms: one of them also features a '1% EU GNI'; however, the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are left unchanged and it is envisaged that the requisite cuts will be made in the expenditures earmarked for cohesion. The other reform scenario is different from the former one in that the cohesion-related expenditures are left unchanged and the expenditures for providing 'EU-wide value-added' are reduced. After the comparison of the various scenarios, the allocation of transfers to the new member states in terms of the conditions prevailing in the different scenarios is analysed.

The Casting Technology for the Aluminum Suspension Cross-Member

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadamu Sakamoto ◽  
Nagayoshi Matsubara ◽  
Chikaaki Minai ◽  
Yoshiro Hayashi ◽  
Yasuaki Hadatsuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casting Technology ◽  
Cross Member

Welding Shape Control of Cross Member Backbone Assembly by Automatic Gas Metal Arc Yaskawa-MA1440 Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Lydia Anggraini ◽  
Kalimi
Keyword(s):  
Shape Control ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Automatic Welding ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Steel Coil ◽  
Cross Member

In order to prevent distortion caused by heat which affects the material deformation, the properties controlled are required. The properties changes and the placement of the mounting position will effect the weld strength that causes cracks and broken joints, therefore it affects the safety of machine construction. Thus, the objective of this paper is to control the shape of cross member backbone assembly by gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The welding is produced by an automatic robot Yaskawa-MA1440 type. In order to obtain the good quality of the result, the welding shape is controlled by a parameters combination of voltage, current, and speed. Yaskawa-MA1440 type is used as the automatic welding machine. The main material used is cold rolled steel coil sheet MJSC270D-OD with a thickness of 1.2 mm. In addition, to control the welding shape, the specified shape design standard is followed include travel speed, gas flow, welding direction, torch tip distance to the workpiece, torch angle and welding angle. The results of visual and dimensional were also examined in this research. Furthermore, the macrostructure i.e. leg length, fusion penetration, throat thickness have been analyzed and confirmed based on the standards used in the auto body vehicle part company. The appropriate parameters for the finest welding shape are defined at the horizontal position using an electric current of 120 A and the welding voltage of 18 V (± 1 V). Thus, the measurement control of macrostructure is defined as reference parameters for mass production of cross member backbone assembly.

Anti-Limb Entrapment Insert

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Pressure Differential ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Suction Force ◽  
Suction Pipe ◽  
Cross Member ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Open Pipe

Access to the suction pipe in a main drain can occur whenever the sump cover is unfastened, broken, or missing. An arm or leg can be placed, sucked, or propelled into the pipe where the limb can be trapped by various mechanisms including suction, wedging, and tissue swelling. Although their success rate is unimpressive, there are a number of mitigation strategies for limb entrapment that are based on reduced pressure differential. These strategies are thoroughly examined in this paper. None of these compare however to the classic notion of preventing entrapment in the first instance. Restricting the pipe opening to small apertures through the use of permanent cross-members eliminates the limb entrapment hazard. Unfortunately, the cross-member solution used, for example, in tubs and slop sinks introduces new hazards that were not present in the open pipe; hair entrapment, finger entrapment, and mechanical entrapment (e.g. swimwear). This paper introduces a pipe insert at the entrance to the pipe that uses permanent fins to provide anti-limb entrapment. The fins are designed with an iso-friction profile to shed hair that may be entrained into the pipe. The equation for the profile is obtained in polar coordinates. The geometry of the fins minimizes finger and mechanical entrapment. Scallops are included around the edge of the pipe that inhibits body entrapment which can restrain a child with a suction force of 50 to 100 lbf (222 to 445 N). The use of an anti-limb entrapment insert together with a retrofittable anti-evisceration ring will achieve the same entrapment protection with or without a sump cover.

Development of Integral Aluminum Cross Member by Squeeze Casting

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideharu Fukube ◽  
Toshiharu Sato ◽  
Hisashi Manda ◽  
Tadanobu Yamamoto ◽  
Takahiro Kannaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Cross Member

Analysis of Welding Process for Automotive Rear Cradle

2015 ◽  
Vol 1091 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Hak Jae Seol ◽  
Kyoung Teak Lee ◽  
Chang Soo Park ◽  
Kwan Bong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Transformation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Deformation ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Phase Transformation Temperature ◽  
Side Member ◽  
Cross Member ◽  
Total Model

A rear cradle as one of the suspension system takes a role to connect a tie rod, suspension arm, transmissions and rubber bush. It consists of the side member and cross member which are joined by welding process. However, the rear cradle may be distorted due to thermal deformation during welding process, which cause dimensional tolerance problem when assembling. So, it is necessary to predict the thermal deformation and the optimal welding conditions should be suggested to reduce the dimensional tolerances. In this paper, MAG(metal active gas) welding process was applied in the simulation model using the SYSWELDR, commercial S/W for welding simulation. And then, It should be predicted on the results about the gap and thermal deformation of main cylinder and derived the phase transformation, temperature distribution, residual stress and thermal deformation of total model shape.

Derivation of road noise improvement factor within a suspension system using the inverse substructuring method

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 3775-3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon June Kang ◽  
Jun Gu Kim ◽  
David P Song ◽  
Kang Duck Ih
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Frequency Response Function ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Road Noise ◽  
Input Force ◽  
Improvement Factor ◽  
Cross Member

This research aims to develop a method to efficiently reduce the body input force from the chassis due to road-induced excitation. To this end, the frequency response function–based substructuring method is employed to model the vehicle cross member and coupling points. Using this model, the dynamic stiffness modification factor of elastic bushing at the effective path is predicted for reducing road noise. Because of the difficulties in directly obtaining dynamic properties of body mount bushings pressured into the sub-frame, the frequency response function–based substructuring model and inverse formulation method are used to indirectly estimate the bushing’s dynamic properties. Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to validate the feasibility of using the inverse formulation method for deriving road noise improvement factor on a simple cross member application. In this feasibility validation, road excitation is simply substituted with a shaker excitation in vertical direction. The previously developed suspension rig that enables a direct measurement of the body input force at the coupling points and the specially developed cross member jig are used for the validation test.

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