Treat burn injuries with cool water initially, then warm water

ABSTRACT The Middle–Upper Permian (Guadalupian–Lopingian) Dalan Basin was part of a very large carbonate ramp/platform along the passive margin of the Arabian Plate, located at mid-latitude Neo-Tethys Ocean. As shown in the modern world the mid-latitudes are areas where climatic fluctuations and velocity of climate change are most significant. Consequently, the most significant variations in foraminiferal diversity occur at higher latitudes as already noted for the Middle Permian (Guadalupian) foraminifers’ record. The fusulinids as a large, warm-water foraminifera were quite sensitive to water temperature. The optimal water temperature for recent warm-water benthic foraminifera with living symbionts, and consequently for fusulinids, is 20–30°C, while the lower limit is 14–16°C. Three climatically-determined assemblages were distinguished in Zagros and the surrounding areas. The first assemblage is characteristic of temperate, cool-water environments and contains smaller foraminifera with no symbionts, which possess resistance to such environments. Fusulinid staffellids, schubertellids, Chusenella, Eopolydiexodina and Monodiexodina can be found in the warmer water environments in a second climatic assemblage, transitional from temperate- to warm-water state. The third assemblage is characterized by the presence of verbeekinids in warm-water conditions in Zagros and appeared where surface-water temperature exceeded approximately 25°C. The proposed model of climate fluctuations and paleogeography in the Neo-Tethys is based on analyses of temporal and spatial distribution of fusulinids. Also, a temperate cool-water Monodiexodina is recorded in this area for the first time. Three new species of fusulinids are described.

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THE EFFECTS OF IMMERSION AND TEMPERATURE ON RESPIRATION IN NEWBORN LAMBS

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.45.4.598 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 598-605

Author(s):

Herbert S. Harned ◽

Robert T. Herrington ◽

Jose I. Ferreiro

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Depression ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Water Bath ◽

Warm Water ◽

Newborn Animal ◽

Cool Water

The effects of immersion on respiration of term lambs during the perinatal period were studied under various conditions. After consistent breathing had developed in the newborn animal, immersion of the entire animal, immersion of its head, or introduction of fluid retrogradely into the trachea produced very marked respiratory depression as determined by a pneumotachometer attached to a trachial airway. Less marked, but still significant, respiratory depression was noted in animals subjected to snout immersion and to immersion with the head kept above the water bath. In this latter group, warm water depressed breathing more than cool water. The inhibitory effect of immersion on the initiation of breathing was shown by lack of survival of intubated lambs delivered into a water bath.

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State of the California Current 2019–2020: Back to the Future With Marine Heatwaves?

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.709454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Edward D. Weber ◽

Toby D. Auth ◽

Simone Baumann-Pickering ◽

Timothy R. Baumgartner ◽

Eric P. Bjorkstedt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Coastal Upwelling ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

California Current ◽

Trophic Levels ◽

Warm Water ◽

Seabird Species ◽

Cool Water ◽

The North

The California Current System (CCS) has experienced large fluctuations in environmental conditions in recent years that have dramatically affected the biological community. Here we synthesize remotely sensed, hydrographic, and biological survey data from throughout the CCS in 2019–2020 to evaluate how recent changes in environmental conditions have affected community dynamics at multiple trophic levels. A marine heatwave formed in the north Pacific in 2019 and reached the second greatest area ever recorded by the end of summer 2020. However, high atmospheric pressure in early 2020 drove relatively strong Ekman-driven coastal upwelling in the northern portion of the CCS and warm temperature anomalies remained far offshore. Upwelling and cooler temperatures in the northern CCS created relatively productive conditions in which the biomass of lipid-rich copepod species increased, adult krill size increased, and several seabird species experienced positive reproductive success. Despite these conditions, the composition of the fish community in the northern CCS remained a mixture of both warm- and cool-water-associated species. In the southern CCS, ocean temperatures remained above average for the seventh consecutive year. Abundances of juvenile fish species associated with productive conditions were relatively low, and the ichthyoplankton community was dominated by a mixture of oceanic warm-water and cosmopolitan species. Seabird species associated with warm water also occurred at greater densities than cool-water species in the southern CCS. The population of northern anchovy, which has been resurgent since 2017, continued to provide an important forage base for piscivorous fishes, offshore colonies of seabirds, and marine mammals throughout the CCS. Coastal upwelling in the north, and a longer-term trend in warming in the south, appeared to be controlling the community to a much greater extent than the marine heatwave itself.

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Development of a vibrotactile tasking device for use in vestibular assessment

Journal of Vestibular Research ◽

10.3233/ves-2006-161-206 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-67

Author(s):

John E. King ◽

Jorge E. González ◽

Michael I. Fuller

Keyword(s):

Hard Of Hearing ◽

Verbal Task ◽

Warm Water ◽

Task Condition ◽

Cool Water ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Vestibular Testing ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Vestibular Assessment ◽

Ear Canals

The purpose of this study was to design an automated mental alerting task that could be utilized when performing vestibular testing on a broad range of patient populations, including certain difficult-to-test populations, such as the hard-of-hearing. A device was developed that utilized vibrotactile stimuli output to two vibrators placed on the subject's left leg, and responded to activation of two momentary pushbuttons controlled by the subjects. Fourteen normal-hearing subjects without history or symptoms of vestibular involvement participated. Each participant underwent three mental-alerting conditions, defined as no task, verbal task, or vibrotactile task. Each condition involved four irrigations of the ear canals, two with warm water and two with cool water. The resultant nystagmus was recorded and analyzed using four measures to compare the effect of the mental alerting task condition. No significant difference was found between verbal and vibrotactile alerting both of which provided better responses than the no alerting task (F=8.443; df=2,13; p=0.001). Between-subjects analysis showed that the number of gaps, which are undesirable periods of absent nystagmus during test recordings, was smallest for the verbal and vibrotactile tasks, and largest for the no task condition. Overall, the results showed that the vibrotactile tasking device (VTD) is an effective alternative means of providing mental alerting during vestibular testing, specifically that of caloric examination.

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Late Cenozoic dinoflagellates from the Royal Society borehole at Ludham, Norfolk, eastern England

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000023532 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 543-570 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Martin J. Head

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

Royal Society ◽

Warm Water ◽

Late Cenozoic ◽

Cool Water ◽

The North ◽

Lower Pleistocene ◽

The North Sea ◽

First Time

Restudy of upper Pliocene (ca. 2.4-1.8 Ma) and possible lower Pleistocene dinoflagellates from the Royal Society borehole at Ludham, eastern England has revealed the presence of more than 29 dinoflagellate species, substantially revising earlier records of this important locality. Assemblages reflect climates that fluctuated within a warm- or mild-temperate to cool range, as shown by the discovery that specimens earlier assigned to the warm-waterTectatodinium pellitumall belong to a cool-water element comprisingBitectatodinium tepikiense, Filisphaera filifera, F. microornata, andHabibacysta tectata.This element appears to have been widely mistaken forTectatodinium pellitumin coeval deposits of the North Sea basin and beyond. The following are among several species reported for the first time from coeval deposits of the North Sea basin:Filisphaera filifera, F. microornata, Operculodinium? eirikianum, O. giganteum, Spiniferites ludhamensisn. sp.,S. rubinus, andTrinovantedinium glorianum.The dinoflagellateSpiniferites ludhamensisn. sp. and acritarchNannobarbophora walldalein. sp. are formally described.

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A Comparative Study of Selected Physical Aspects of the Eggs of the Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii (Girard, 1852) and P. Zonangulus Hobbs & Hobbs, 1990 (Decapoda, Cambaridae)

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/156854095x00827 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 575-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James F. Payne ◽

Steven B. Noblitt ◽

Michael Delong

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Reproductive Strategy ◽

Egg Production ◽

Procambarus Clarkii ◽

Warm Water ◽

Cool Water ◽

Nutrient Flow ◽

Size Classes

AbstractCertain physical aspects of eggs from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and P. zonangulus were studied. Fecundity, both potential and actual, is greater in P. clarkii, while the size (diameter) of extruded eggs is considerably less. Counts of oocytes indicate that egg production in P. zonangulus is partitioned among all size classes of the reproducing population, while in P. clarkii, the major reproductive responsibility is with the largest individuals. P. clarkii exhibits a profligate reproductive strategy, one better adapted to warm water habitats where nutrient flow is continuous. P. zonangulus has a prudential reproductive strategy, one better adapted to cool water habitats in which nutrient flow is pulsed.

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Morphology and paleogeography of the Ordovician conodont Paracordylodus gracilis Lindström, 1955: Comparison of two populations

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000017650 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1114-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tatiana Tolmacheva ◽

Anita Löfgren

Keyword(s):

Population Structure ◽

Warm Water ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Type B ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Cool Water ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Early Ordovician ◽

Morphological Differences ◽

Two Populations

Populations of the widely distributed Early Ordovician conodont Paracordylodus gracilis Lindström, 1955, have been measured and studied in detail. Natural clusters and rich collections of isolated elements allowed calculations of size frequency distributions and construction of survivorship curves. Small morphological differences, as well as dissimilarities in population structure between collections from separate areas, were observed. This led to the recognition of Type A populations from Kazakhstan and other Arenigian warm water, low latitude regions and Type B populations from Baltica and other areas with cool water, mainly located at high latitudes in the Arenigian.

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