Evaluation of Immunochromatographic Test for Dual Detection of Noroviruses and Group A Rotaviruses in Stool Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (05/2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattara Khamrin ◽  
Kattareeya Kumthip ◽  
Aksara Thongprachum ◽  
Sayaka Takanashi ◽  
Shoko Okitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Dual Detection ◽  
Stool Samples

scholarly journals Electropherotypes and G-Types of Group A Rotaviruses Detected in Children with Diarrhea in Lagos, Nigeria

ISRN Virology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christianah Idowu Ayolabi ◽  
David Ajiboye Ojo ◽  
George Enyimah Armah
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Virus Isolates

Approximately over 500,000 children die annually due to severe dehydrating diarrhea caused by rotaviruses. This work investigated rotavirus infection among children less than 5 years with diarrhea in Lagos and determined the circulating electropherotypes and genotypes of the virus isolates. Three hundred and two (n=302) stool samples from children below 60 months were collected from different hospitals and health care centers in Lagos and subjected to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to determine the presence of Group A rotavirus, RT-PCR to determine the G-types, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to determine the electropherotypes. The results show that 60.3% of the samples showed distinct rotavirus RNA migration pattern, having long electropherotypes (55.3%) of seven variations dominating over the short electropherotypes (44.5%). Six different G-types were detected (G1, G2, G3, G4, G9, and G12). Serotypes G1 and G12 showed long electropherotypic pattern while G2, G3, and G9 exhibited either short or long electropherotype. All G4 detected show short electropherotypic pattern. In conclusion, information on the genomic diversity and RNA electropherotypes of rotaviruses detected in children with diarrhea in Lagos is reported in this study.

scholarly journals Suspected zoonotic transmission of rotavirus group A in Danish adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. MIDGLEY ◽  
C. K. HJULSAGER ◽  
L. E. LARSEN ◽  
G. FALKENHORST ◽  
B. BÖTTIGER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

SUMMARYGroup A rotaviruses infect humans and a variety of animals. In July 2006 a rare rotavirus strain with G8P[14] specificity was identified in the stool samples of two adult patients with diarrheoa, who lived in the same geographical area in Denmark. Nucleotide sequences of the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes of the identified strains were identical. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both Danish G8P[14] strains clustered with rotaviruses of animal, mainly, bovine and caprine, origin. The high genetic relatedness to animal rotaviruses and the atypical epidemiological features suggest that these human G8P[14] strains were acquired through direct zoonotic transmission events.

scholarly journals Human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses in Slovenia: evidence of interspecies transmission and genome reassortment

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1690-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Steyer ◽  
Mateja Poljšak-Prijatelj ◽  
Darja Barlič-Maganja ◽  
Jožica Marin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
Human Rotavirus ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Genome Reassortment

A surveillance of human, porcine and bovine rotaviruses was carried out in Slovenia in 2004 and 2005. Stool samples were collected from a total of 406 pigs (373 from asymptomatic animals), 132 cattle (126 from asymptomatic animals) and 241 humans (all with diarrhoea), tested for group A rotaviruses using RT-PCR and analysed by sequencing. The aims of the study were to determine the incidence of asymptomatic rotavirus infection in animals, to look for evidence of zoonotic transmission and to detect reassortment among rotaviruses. The rates of asymptomatic shedding of rotaviruses in pigs and cattle were 18.0 % (67/373) and 4.0 % (5/126), respectively. Evidence for zoonotic transmission was detected in one human rotavirus strain, SI-MB6, with the G3P[6] genotype combination, as the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the VP6, VP7, VP8* and NSP4 genes of strain SI-MB6 and of porcine strains showed high nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity. Two porcine rotavirus strains carried VP7 of probable human origin, suggesting an interspecies reassortment event in the past.

scholarly journals Co-Infection by Waterborne Enteric Viruses in Children with Gastroenteritis in Nepal

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarmila Tandukar ◽  
Jeevan Sherchand ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Bikash Malla ◽  
Rajani Ghaju Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

Enteric viruses are highly contagious and a major cause of waterborne gastroenteritis in children younger than five years of age in developing world. This study examined the prevalence of enteric virus infection in children with gastroenteritis to identify risk factors for co-infections. In total, 107 stool samples were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis along with samples of their household drinking water and other possible contamination sources, such as food and hand. The presence of major gastroenteritis-causing enteric virus species (group A rotaviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses of genogroup I) in stool and water samples was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Among the 107 stool samples tested, 103 (96%) samples contained at least one of the four tested enteric viruses, and the combination of group A rotaviruses and enteroviruses was the most common co-infection (52%, n = 54/103). At least one viral agent was detected in 16 (16%) of 103 drinking water samples. Identical enteric viruses were detected in both the stool and water samples taken from the same patients in 13% of cases (n = 13/103). Group A rotaviruses were most frequently found in children suffering from acute diarrhea. No socio-demographic and clinical factors were associated with the risk of co-infection compared with mono-infection. These less commonly diagnosed viral etiological agents in hospitals are highly prevalent in patients with acute gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Bovine coronavirus detection in a collection of diarrheic stool samples positive for group a bovine rotavirus

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Fernandes Barry ◽  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri ◽  
Danilo Tancler Stipp ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Nucleoprotein Gene ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Unusual Event ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Viral Etiologies

Neonatal diarrhea is an important cause of economic losses for cattle farmers. The main viral etiologies of enteric diseases are group A rotaviruses (GARV) and the bovine coronavirus (BCoV). Although both viruses infect calves of the same age, the occurrence of mixed infections is still under studied. The present study describes the co-infection of BCoV and GARV in stool samples. Forty-four diarrheic fecal samples from calves up to 60 days old that had previously tested positive for GARV by SS-PAGE were analyzed using semi-nested PCR for BCoV. A product with 251 bp of the BCoV nucleoprotein gene was amplified in 15.9% (7/44) of the samples, demonstrating that co-infection is not an unusual event. These results reinforce the need for testing for both GARV and BCoV, even in fecal samples that previously tested positive for one virus.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Distribution of Rotavirus Genotypes Among Children With Acute Gastroenteritis in Areas Other Than Java Island, Indonesia, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rury Mega Wahyuni ◽  
Takako Utsumi ◽  
Zayyin Dinana ◽  
Laura Navika Yamani ◽  
Juniastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples

Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, which is often associated with severe symptoms in children under 5 years old. Genetic reassortments and interspecies transmission commonly occur, resulting in a great diversity of RVA circulating in the world. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes among children in Indonesia over the years 2016–2018 across representative areas of the country. Stool samples were collected from 202 pediatric patients with acute gastroenteritis in three regions of Indonesia (West Nusa Tenggara, South Sumatra, and West Papua) in 2016–2018. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing analysis. The prevalences of RVA in South Sumatra (55.4%) and West Papua (54.0%) were significantly higher than that in East Java (31.7%) as determined in our previous study. The prevalence in West Nusa Tenggara (42.6%) was the lowest among three regions, but higher than that in East Java. Interestingly, equine-like G3 rotavirus strains were found as predominant strains in South Sumatra in 2016 and in West Papua in 2017–2018. Moreover, the equine-like G3 strains in South Sumatra detected in 2016 were completely replaced by human G1 and G2 in 2018. In conclusion, RVA infection in South Sumatra and West Papua was highly endemic. Equine-like G3 strains were also spread to South Sumatra (West Indonesia) and West Papua (East Indonesia), as well as Java Island. Dynamic change in rotavirus genotypes from equine-like G3 to human genotypes was also observed. Continuous monitoring may be warranted in isolated areas in Indonesia.

Molecular Detection of Group A Rotavirus in under Five Years Old Children with Acute Diarrhoea Admitted to Yangon Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Rotaviruses are regarded as the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis and are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality among children especially under five years of age worldwide. In developing countries like Myanmar, where diarrhoea is in the priority childhood disease, rotavirus surveillance and detection of rotavirus genotypes are utmost important. A hospital-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Yangon Children‟s Hospital among under five children admitted for acute diarrhoea from January to October 2016. This study includes detection of Group A rotavirus antigen by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and genotyping by multiplex RT-PCR. From a total of 488 collected samples, rotavirus antigen was detected in 219 samples (45%). Rotavirus diarrhoea was most common among the age of 6-11 months (38.8%) followed by 12-23 months (37.9%). The results showed that boys were more commonly affected than girls. Detection of rotavirus positivity was peak in February (57.6 %). Out of 219 stool samples with positive ELISA result, 40 stool samples with high optical density value were proceeded for further determination of G and P genotypes. Regarding distribution of G genotypes, the most common G genotype was G9 which comprised 45%, and that of P genotype was P[8] which comprised 92.5%. Regarding combination of G and P genotypes, the most frequent combination is G9P[8], and it constituted 42.5%. Untypable genotypes were seen in 30% of G and 2.5% of P typing. As rotavirus infection can be prevented by vaccine, WHO recommended that rotavirus vaccination should be included in national immunization program especially in countries where prevalence of rotavirus is high. The distribution of G and P genotypes is important in consideration of appropriate vaccine in pre-vaccination and evaluation of effectiveness of vaccine in post-vaccination period. Therefore, the information on currently circulating genotypes of rotavirus in this study will serve as valuable data for vaccination programme.

scholarly journals Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Donato ◽  
Julie E. Bines
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid

Group A rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae virus family and are classified into G and P genotypes based on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively [...]

scholarly journals A Survey of G6 and G10 Serotypes of Group a Bovine Rotaviruses from Diarrheic Beef and Dairy Calves using Monoclonal Antibodies in ELISA

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lucchelli ◽  
S. Y. Kang ◽  
M. K. Jayasekera ◽  
A. V. Parwani ◽  
D. H. Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Group A

Group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. Group A rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G types) and VP4 (P types). To date, there are 14 G types of group A rotaviruses, with G1, G6, G8, and G10 described for BRV isolates. In this study, G6- and G lo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the G typing of BRV-positive stool samples from diarrheic beef and dairy calves from South Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ELISA plates were coated using a broadly reactive VP7 MAb (Common 60) or with G6- or G10-specific MAbs. BRV-positive fecal samples were diluted and added to duplicate wells, followed by the addition of polyclonal guinea pig anti-group A rotavirus serum as the secondary antibody. Several reference G6 and G10 BRV strains as well as other G types previously reported in cattle (G1, G2, G3, G8) and BRV-negative samples were included as G type specificity and negative controls. From a total of 308 field samples analyzed, 79% (244/308) tested positive by the broadly reactive VP7 MAb; of these, 54% (131/244) were G6 positive, 14% (35/244) were G10 positive, 4% (9/244) were both G6 and G10 positive, and 28% (69/244) were G6 and G10 negative. The negative samples may represent additional or undefined serotypes. The 89 samples from South Dakota were further subdivided into samples from beef ( n = 43) or dairy ( n = 46) herds. G6 was more prevalent in beef herd samples (67%) than in dairy herd samples (47.5%). In addition, dairy herds had higher percentages of G10-positive samples (17.5%) G6-G10 double positives (10%), and untypable samples (25%) than did beef herds, in which the prevalence of G10 positive samples was 5.5%, G6-G10 double positives was 5.5%, and untypable samples was 22%. Application of the serotype ELISA for the analysis of additional BRV samples will provide further epidemiologic data on the distribution of BRV serotypes in beef or dairy cattle, an important consideration for the development of improved BRV vaccines.

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