Axel Erdmann, My Gracious Silence. Women in the mirror of 16th century printing in Western Europe

L Homme ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
16Th Century

The reception of Hebrew in sixteenth-century Europe

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Keith Percival
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Paradigm Case ◽  
Genetic Classification ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Descriptive Framework ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Summary The main thesis of this article is that a species of general linguistics arose in 16th-century western Europe as a result of the impact of Hebrew studies. Two features of traditional Hebrew grammatical practice produced this, effect: (1) the phonetic classification of consonants by point of articulation, and (2) the analysis of words in terms of roots and affixes. Two works from the early 16th century are cited at some length: a treatise on the pronunciation of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew by the great Spanish humanist Antonio de Nebrija (De vi ac potestate litterarum), which first appeared in Salamanca in 1503; and Johannes Reuchlin’s Hebrew grammar, printed in Pforzheim in 1506. Nebrija exemplifies the impact of Hebrew phonetic theory, while Reuchlin expounds the traditional Hebrew morphological analysis, in the course of which he introduces the novel concept of the root. Moreover, in his treatment of Hebrew orthography he describes the sounds of the language both auditorily and physiologically. In the second part of the article, the subsequent influence of Hebrew grammatical and linguistic notions is discussed. Reference is made to a work by the French orientalist Guillaume Postel (De originibus), in which the author contrasts the Semitic languages with the two classical languages typologically, calling the former ‘natural’ and the latter ‘grammatical’. There then follows an analysis of a work by the Swiss Hebraist Theodor Bibliander (De ratione communi omnium linguarum), in which the suggestion is made that all languages can be grammatically analysed in a uniform fashion utilizing the Hebrew descriptive framework and then compared with one another. The acquaintance with Semitic languages also introduced Christian scholars for the first time to a paradigm case of a family of related languages. Thus, we see the tentative adumbrations in the 16th century of both typological and genetic classification.

scholarly journals ИСТОРИЈА ЈЕДНЕ КАРТОГРАФСКЕ ЗАБЛУДЕ – ЕРШОМЉО (ВРШАЦ) НА СТАРИМ ГЕОГРАФСКИМ КАРТАМА HISTORY OF A CARTOGRAPHIC MISCONCEPTION – ÉRSOMLYÓ (VRŠAC) IN OLD GEOGRAPHIC MAPS

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-188
Author(s):  
Александар Крстић
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Old Maps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

У раду се анализирају старе географске карте, настале од осмадесетих година XV до половине XVIII века, на којима су приказани тврђава или насеље Ершомљо. Иако је овај јужнобанатски град после пада под османску власт (1552) током друге половине XVI столећа трајно променио име у Вршац, Ершомљо је и даље упорно приказиван у бројним картографским публикацијама насталим у западној Европи у наведеном периоду. Услед погрешног преузимања података са старих карата и непознавања савремене географије европске Турске, па тако ни Баната, Ершомљо је на анализираним картама најчешће лоциран знатно источније, некада и на саму границу Баната према Трансилванији и Влашкој. Од друге половине XVII века, а посебно у време Великог бечког рата, на европским географским картама почиње да се појављује и Вршац. Међутим, на неким картама из овог периода механички су преношени подаци са старијих карата, па је паралелно с Вршцем уцртаван и Ершомљо. The paper analyses old geographic maps, created from the 1480s until the mid-18th century, which show the fortress or settlement of Érsomlyó. Although this south Banat town, after its fall under Ottoman rule (1552) permanently changed its name into Vršac in the second half of the 16th century, Érsomlyó was still persistently shown in numerous cartographic publications created in Western Europe in this period. Due to erroneous copying of data from old maps and the lack of knowledge about the contemporary geography of European Turkey, including Banat, in the analysed maps Érsomlyó is most often located much more eastward, sometimes on the very border of Banat towards Transylvania and Wallachia. From the second half of the 17th century, particularly at the time of the Great Turkish War, Vršac also began to appear in European geographic maps. However, data from older maps were mechanically transferred to some maps from this period, and Érsomlyó was inscribed in parallel with Vršac.

Queen Elizabeth I Through Moroccan Eyes

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabil Matar
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Elizabeth I ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Queen Elizabeth I

AbstractThis article examines the image of Queen Elizabeth I (reg. 1558-1603) in Moroccan writings, focusing specifically on the period between 1588, the English victory over the Spanish Armada, and 1596, the English attack (with Moroccan logistical assistance) on Cadiz. Contrary to what some historians have claimed about Arab-Islamic ignorance of, and indifference to, Western Europe in the early modern period, the writings of Abd al-Aziz al-Fishtali (1549-1621), the Moroccan scribe in the royal court of Marrakesh during the reign of Mulay Ahmad al-Mansur (reg. 1578-1603), provide valuable information about English political and naval activity in the last decade of the 16th century. The letters of al-Fishtali include the only contemporary description of the English Queen by a non-European writer.

scholarly journals Refleksja nad koncepcją folwarcznych korzeni polskiej kultury gospodarczej Janusza Hryniewicza

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Wiesław Banach
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Social System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Economic Culture

The main aim of the article is to examine Janusz Hryniewicz’s concept of Polish economic culture. According to the discussed author, a lot of elements present in contemporary Polish companies and organizations (economic practices) are the result of participation in an East-Central Europe economic and social system based on agriculture. Processes of long duration led to a division of the European space in the 16th century: in Western Europe we can see the development of capitalism and its institutions; in East-Central Europe, the rise of a social and economic system based on the manorial-serf economy (called new serfdom). Hryniewicz tries to show the link between rules of misconduct in the 16th century manor farm and the contemporary attitude to the job of workers and managers alike. The paper is an attempt to show the discussed concept from an anthropological and cultural studies perspective.

scholarly journals The Development Of Socio-Philosophical Thought In Western Europe On The Eve Of The End Of The Renaissance

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Dildor Esonalievna Normatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Philosophical Thought

The 16th century was a time of great political and religious change in European life. Hence, the article examines factors that typical of the Renaissance and Reformation period. The paper also analyzes the collapse of feudal relations and the emergence of the first capitalist relations.

1. Why ghetto?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Bryan Cheyette
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Housing Associations ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Northern Cities

‘Why ghetto?’ traces the idea of the ghetto to medieval and early modern Western and Central Europe. Before there were ghettos, there were Jewish quarters. Larger Jewish quarters were part of a region’s economic life and were the model for early modern ghettos. In the 16th century, with most Jews in Western Europe expelled, ghetto living became compulsory in many northern and central Italian urban areas. By the 17th century, the word ‘ghetto’ shifted from a noun to an adjective and was used in most official Italian documents. During the Holocaust, the Nazis used earlier ideas of the medieval ghetto to hide their policies of forced segregation and racial genocide. Twentieth-century African-Americans in northern cities adopted the language of the ghetto to describe their neighbourhoods which, due to racist housing associations and discriminatory local authorities, remained segregated for most of the 20th century. Does the idea of the ghetto mean the same thing for today’s African-Americans as it did for earlier Jewish communities?

My Gracious Silence: Women in the Mirror of 16th Century Printing in Western Europe

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Catherine R. Eskin ◽  
Axel Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
16Th Century

scholarly journals On the Earliest English Translation of the Laws of Oléron and Its Editions

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-118
Author(s):  
Kinga Lis
Keyword(s):  
French Text ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
English Translation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Western

Abstract The Laws of Oléron are a compilation of regulations binding in north-western Europe. They concern relationships on board a ship and in ports, as well as between members of one crew and those of another when it comes to safe journey. Even though the “code” was known in England at the beginning of the 14th century, it was only in the 16th century that it was translated from French into (Early Modern) English. The literature on the topic mentions two independent 16th-century renditions of the originally French text (Lois d’Oléron) but disagrees as to the authorship of the earliest translation, its date and place of creation, the mutual relationship between the two, their content and respective source texts. Strikingly, three names appear in this context: Thomas Petyt, Robert Copland, and W. Copland. The picture emerging from various accounts concerning the translations is very confusing. It is the purpose of this paper to trace the history of the misconceptions surrounding the Early Modern English versions of the Laws of Oléron, and to illustrate how, by approaching them from a broader perspective, two hundred years of confusion can be resolved. The wider context adopted in this study is that of a book as a whole, and not of an individual text within the book, set against the backdrop of the printing milieu. The investigation begins with a brief inquiry into the lives and careers of the three people named with respect to the two renditions, in an attempt to determine whether these provide any grounds for disagreement. The analysis also juxtaposes the relevant renditions as far as their contents, layout, and the actual texts are concerned in order to establish what the relationship between them is and whether it could account for the confusion surrounding the translations.

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