scholarly journals Solitary Cysticercosis of Temporalis Muscle: A Rare and Challenging Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Singh ◽  
Uday Shanker Singh
Keyword(s):  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Stool Examination ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Taeniasis is an endemic parasitic infection of developing countries, including India. It is caused by pork (Taenia solium), beef (Taenia saginata), and Asian (Taenia asiatica) tapeworms and the route of transmission is faeco-oral. It usually occurs due to ingestion of uncooked green leafy vegetables, undercooked meat or unsafe drinking water contaminated with faeces. The mode of presentation can be severe in the form of Neurocysticercosis (brain) or Solitary Muscular Cysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis can prove to be fatal and life-threatening condition in the form of seizures and focal neurological signs. Diagnosis of cysticercosis is usually based on direct stool examination for eggs on three consecutive days or proglottids of the tapeworm, serological tests such as Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and radiological imaging for confirmation. Here, a rare and very interesting case of cysticercosis was reported in temporalis muscle in a young female. The patient presented with only a solitary swelling in preauricular region. Both radiological and microbiological investigations played a very vital role in the diagnosis and the patient was finally diagnosed as a case of muscular cysticercosis. She was started on conservative treatment with albendazole and steroids for two weeks. Repeat radiological scans showed improvement in her swelling and complete resolution in about a month. Cysticercosis of temporalis muscle is in itself a very rare event and there are only a few reported cases in literature. The present case was also unique in terms of localisation of the cyst as it was inside the superficial fibers and fascia of the muscle and not intramuscularly.

scholarly journals Evidence for Transmission of Taenia solium Taeniasis/Cysticercosis in a Rural Area of Northern Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucrecia Acosta Soto ◽  
Lucy Anne Parker ◽  
María José Irisarri-Gutiérrez ◽  
Javier Arturo Bustos ◽  
Yesenia Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the metacestode larval stage (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. In humans, cysticercosis may infect the central nervous system and cause neurocysticercosis, which is responsible for over 50,000 deaths per year worldwide and is the major cause of preventable epilepsy cases, especially in low-income countries. Cysticercosis infection is endemic in many less developed countries where poor hygiene conditions and free-range pig management favor their transmission. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 680 children from a rural primary school in Gakenke district (Northern province of Rwanda). Stool samples were collected from participants and analyzed using the Kato-Katz method (KK), formol-ether concentration (FEC), and/or copro-antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CoAg-ELISA) to detect taeniasis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) and antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) to detect human cysticercosis. The overall proportion of taeniasis positivity was 0.3% (2/680), and both cases were also confirmed by CoAg-ELISA. A total of 13.3% (76/572) of the children studied were positive to cysticercosis (T. solium-specific serum antibodies detected by EITB), of whom 38.0% (27/71) had viable cysticercus (T. solium antigens by Ag-ELISA). This study provides evidence of the highest cysticercosis prevalence reported in Rwanda in children to date. Systematic investigations into porcine and human cysticercosis as well as health education and hygiene measures for T. solium control are needed in Gakenke district.

scholarly journals Cysticercosis Involving Muscle of Mastication: A Review and Report of Two Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarbjeet Singh ◽  
V. Sreenivasan ◽  
Kanika Garg ◽  
Nikhel Dev Wazir ◽  
Jaspal Singh Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the parasitic cestode,Taenia solium. It is a common disease in developing countries where it is also endemic. The central nervous system (CNS) is the most important primary site of infection and the disease can present with solitary or multiple space occupying lesions. Cases of cysticercosis presenting as isolated muscle mass (pseudotumours) without involvement of the CNS have also been recently described in the literature. We present two cases who presented to us with pain, swelling, and tenderness involving the temporalis muscle along with trismus. Ultrasonography and MRI findings were suggestive of cysticercosis involving the temporalis muscle which resolved after the albendazole therapy.

scholarly journals Serodiagnosis of Human Cysticercosis by Using Antigens from Vesicular Fluid of Taenia crassicepsCysticerci

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1140-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ednéia C. Bueno ◽  
Miriam Snege ◽  
Adelaide J. Vaz ◽  
Paulo G. Leser
Keyword(s):  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Specific Reactivity ◽  
Standard Techniques

ABSTRACT Neurocysticercosis (NC), caused by the presence of Taenia solium metacestodes in tissues, is a severe parasitic infection of the central nervous system with universal distribution. To determine the efficiency of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot with antigens of T. crassiceps vesicular fluid (Tcra) compared to standard techniques (indirect immunofluorescence test [IFT] and complement fixation test [CFT]) using T. solium cysticerci (Tso) for the serodiagnosis of NC, we studied serum samples from 24 patients with NC, 30 supposedly healthy individuals, 76 blood bank donors, 45 individuals with other non-NC parasitoses, and 97 samples from individuals screened for cysticercosis serology (SC). The sensitivity observed was 100% for ELISA-Tso and ELISA-Tcra, 91.7% for the IFT, and 87.5% for the CFT. The specificity was 90% for ELISA-Tso, 96.7% for ELISA-Tcra, 50% for IFT, and 63.3% for CFT. The efficiency was highest for ELISA-Tcra, followed by ELISA-Tso, IFT, and CFT. Of the 23 samples from SC group, which were reactive to ELISA-Tso and/or ELISA-Tcra, only 3 were positive to immunblot-Tcra (specific peptides of 14- and 18-kDa) and to glycoprotein peptides purified from Tcra antigen (gp-Tcra), showing the low predictive value of ELISA for screening. None of the samples from the remaining groups showed specific reactivity in immunoblot-Tcra. These results demonstrate that ELISA-Tcra can be used as a screening method for the serodiagnosis of NC and support the need for specific tests for confirmation of the results. The immunoblot can be used as a confirmatory test both with Tcra and gp-Tcra, with the latter having an advantage in terms of visualization of the results.

scholarly journals An Integrated Study of Toxocara Infection in Honduran Children: Human Seroepidemiology and Environmental Contamination in a Coastal Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio A. Hernández ◽  
José A. Gabrie ◽  
Carol Anahelka Rodríguez ◽  
Gabriela Matamoros ◽  
María Mercedes Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Coastal Community ◽  
Pcr Rflp

(1) Background: Infections caused by Toxocara canis and T. cati are considered zoonoses of global importance. Reports from North and South America indicate that human infections are widespread in both continents, but epidemiological information from Central America is still lacking. (2) Methodology: In the present cross-sectional multi-year study, we aimed to undertake the first seroepidemiological and environmental study on toxocariasis in Honduras. This included the determination of seroprevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in children using a Toxocara spp. purified excretory-secretory antigens enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TES-ELISA) and a confirmatory Western blot. As well, through statistical analysis including logistic regression we aimed at identifying relevant biological and epidemiological factors associated with seropositivity. The study also entailed detection of parasites’ eggs in the soil samples both through Sheather’s concentration method and a nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. (3) Results: The study was undertaken in a coastal community of Honduras in 2 different years, 2015 and 2017. A total of 88 healthy schoolchildren completed the study, with participation of 79% (73/92) and 65% (46/71) of the student body in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Thirty-one children participated in both years (i.e., dual participants). Through both serological tests, seropositivity was confirmed in 88.6% (78/88) of children. Due to the high number of seropositives, logistic regression analysis was not possible for most socio-economic and epidemiological variables. Eosinophilia, on the other hand, was associated with seropositivity, independently of other intestinal helminthic infections. Continued seropositivity was observed in most of the dual participants, while seroconversion was determined in 8 of these children. Microscopic examination of soil samples did not yield any positive results. Through nested PCR-RFLP, 3 of the 50 samples (6%) were positive for Toxocara spp.; two were identified as T. canis and one as T. cati. (4) Conclusions: This work documents for the first time, high levels of human exposure to Toxocara spp. in Honduras. These findings, along with the country’s favorable epidemiological conditions for this zoonosis, emphasize the need for more research to determine whether this infection is underreported in the country.

scholarly journals Serological Evaluation of Specific-Antibody Levels in Patients Treated for Chronic Chagas' Disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez Negrette ◽  
Fernando J. Sánchez Valdéz ◽  
Carlos D. Lacunza ◽  
María Fernanda García Bustos ◽  
María Celia Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recombinant Antigens ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT Serological tests are the main laboratory procedures used for diagnosis during the indeterminate and chronic stages of Chagas' disease. A serological regression to negativity is the main criterion used to define parasitological cure in treated patients. The aim of this work was to monitor the individual specificities of antibody levels for 3 years posttreatment in 18 adult patients. Conventional serological techniques (hemagglutination assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were modified by using recombinant antigens to detect early markers of treatment effectiveness. For this purpose, serum samples were taken before and during treatment and every 6 months after treatment for at least 3 years. When hemagglutination assays were used, a decrease in antibody levels was observed in only one patient. When ELISA with serum dilutions was used, antibody clearance became much more apparent: in 77.7% (14/18) of the patients, antibody titers became negative with time. This was observed at serum dilutions of 1/320 and occurred between the 6th and the 30th months posttreatment. The immune response and the interval for a serological regression to negativity were different for each patient. For some of the recombinant antigens, only 50% (9/18) of the patients reached the serological regression to negativity. Recombinant antigen 13 might be a good marker of treatment effectiveness, since 66.6% (six of nine) of the patients presented with an early regression to negativity for specific antibodies to this antigen (P = 0.002).

scholarly journals Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for clinical diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in symptomatic patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 647-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Mendes de Carvalho Junior ◽  
Dorcas Lamounier Costa ◽  
Savyo Carvalho Soares ◽  
Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cerebral Spinal Fluid ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Elisa Kit

INTRODUCTION: Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the human central nervous system caused by the metacestode larvae of Taenia solium. Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease in developing countries. Epilepsy is the most common clinical manifestation. Difficulties in confirming the diagnosis motivated the evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: Twenty-two patients with NCC and 44 control patients were studied. CSF was analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit developed for NCC. Sensitivity and specificity were measured and a multivariate logistic regression was performed. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were 31.8% and 100%, respectively, with accuracy of 77.3%. Only the size of the lesions proved to be important for performance of the test. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that ELISA contributes to the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis if the result is negative or if the patient has a lesion of 2 cm or more.

scholarly journals Increased detection of schistosomiasis with Kato-Katz and SWAP-IgG-ELISA in a Northeastern Brazil low-intensity transmission area

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teiliane Rodrigues Carneiro ◽  
Marta Cristhiany Cunha Pinheiro ◽  
Sara Menezes de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lúcia de Paula Hanemann ◽  
José Ajax Nogueira Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serological Test ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Transmission Area ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Endemic Areas

INTRODUCTION: The laboratory diagnosis of schistosomiasis is based mainly on the detection of parasite eggs in stool samples through the Kato-Katz (KK) technique, reading one slide by test. However, a widely known limitation of parasitological methods is reduced sensitivity, particularly in low endemic areas. METHODS: To increase sensitivity, we conducted further slide readings from the same stool sample using the parasitological method associated with a serological test. We used the KK method (three slides) and the IgG anti-Schistosoma mansoni-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique to diagnose schistosomiasis in low endemic areas in the Brazilian State of Ceará. Fecal samples and sera from 250 individuals were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixteen percent and 47.2% of samples were positive in parasitological tests and serological tests, respectively. Parasitological methods showed that 32 (80%) individuals tested positive on the first slide, 6 (15%) on the second slide, and 2 (5%) on the third. The performance of the ELISA test in the diagnosis, using the KK method as diagnostic reference, showed a negative predictive value of 100%, with specificity and positive predictive values of 62.8% and 33.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the increase from one to three slides analyzed per sample using the KK technique was shown to be a useful procedure for increasing the diagnostic sensitivity of this technique.

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