Study on Correlation between Lipid Accumulation Product and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels in Hypothyroidism

Introduction:Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is one of the established causes of mortality and morbidity in hypothyroid patients. A predictor of cardiovascular risk in hypothyroid patients becomes essential to prevent the occurrence of cardiac event. One such prognosticator of CVD is the Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP). Aim: To compare the trend of LAP scores in hypothyroid patients with that of healthy controls. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the Ethics Committee, this cross-sectional study was conducted. After obtaining written informed consent, details such as age, gender, waist circumference, serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and serum triglyceride levels were collected.LAP was calculated among study participants as follows: LAP for men={Waist circumference (cm)-65}×{Triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)}.LAP for women={Waist circumference (cm)-58}×{Triglyceride concentration (mmol/L)}. Statistical analysis was performed with Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24.0 for Windows. Results: The total number of participants were 118 among which 59 (50%) were hypothyroid cases and 59 (50%) were healthy controls. The two groups had statistically significant difference in their LAP scores. The mean LAP score among cases and controls was 38.6±15.6 cm.mmol/L and 30.9±13.2 cm.mmol/L, respectively with a p-value of 0.004. The LAP scores showed positive correlation with TSH levels with r-value of 0.784 and p-value <0.001 by Pearson’s correlation. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant correlation between LAP score and TSH levels and LAP scores are significantly higher in hypothyroid patients.

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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Within the Reference Range is Associated with Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Product: A Population-Based Study of SPECT-China

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/s-0043-122235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (01) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi Chen ◽

Yingchao Chen ◽

Ningjian Wang ◽

Chi Chen ◽

Xiaomin Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Reference Range ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Visceral Adiposity ◽

Visceral Adiposity Index ◽

Lipid Accumulation Product ◽

Adiposity Index ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

AbstractFew studies about the relationship of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level with visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) in large Chinese population are available. The aim of this study was to explore whether TSH level within the reference range was associated with these two newer reliable cardiovascular risk factors. The data were obtained from a cross-sectional study (SPECT-China study, 2014–2015), which was based on the population. Participants underwent several checkups, which included anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, TSH levels, and glucose and lipid profiles. VAI and LAP were calculated. A total of 8727 subjects were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 53.00±13.05 years. Age, female to male ratio, BMI, systolic pressure, and HOMA-IR increased along with the increasing levels of TSH (p<0.01). Analysis of lipid profile showed significantly higher serum triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels in the higher TSH quartile (p<0.001 and p=0.028, respectively). The levels of VAI and LAP were all increased along with increasing TSH level (all p<0.001). After full adjustment, TSH levels were positively associated with VAI, LAP, and TG/HDL levels significantly (B=0.041, 0.028 and 0.037, respectively, all p<0.01). Higher TSH concentrations among the reference range were common in older people as well as in women subjects, and they were positively associated with VAI and LAP. This highlighted that even subtle variations of serum TSH within the normal range may be potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

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EFFECT OF PREANALYTICAL VARIABLES ON SERUM THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE ANALYSIS BY CHEMILUMINESCENCE METHOD

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71isuppl-1.6202 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (Suppl-1) ◽

pp. S102-05

Author(s):

Ambreen Rehman ◽

Naveed Asif ◽

Saima Shakeel Malik ◽

Waqas Sheikh ◽

Quratulain . ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Venous Blood ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specimen Handling ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Objective: To identify effect of pre-analytical variables on serum thyroid stimulating hormone. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi, Department of Chemical Pathology & Endocrinology, from Mar 2018 to Aug 2018. Methodology: Hundred subjects with ages ranging from 18 to 34 years, irrespective of gender, were randomly selected for this study. Five milliliters venous blood sample was collected from each subject in a serum separator and divided into two aliquots. First aliquot was centrifuged and analyzed immediately for TSH, while second aliquot was stored for 24 hours and was then analyzed. TSH was measured by third generation assay usingchemiluminescence technique on ADVIA Centaur® XP. Serum TSH levels were also analyzed twice daily; in the morning (0800 to 0900 hours) and afternoon (1400 to 1600 hours). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like gender and pre-analytical variables. Test of significance Mann-Whitney U-test was applied and p-value <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Mean age of subjects was 23 ± 3.4 years. Change in circadian rhythm was observed in 17 (28%) males and 14 (36%) females. Statistically significant association was found between morning and evening TSH levels, while no change was observed in TSH level by early and late centrifugation of samples. Conclusion: TSH levels vary significantly between blood samples collected at different timings of the day from the same person. TSH is resistant to degradation, immunologically stable, and reasonably insensitive to potential problems associated with routine specimen handling, when measured by immunoassay technique. Therefore, it is helpful in large epidemiological studies and small size laboratory, which require long transportation time and storage.

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Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation between Serum Cholesterol and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Level in the Patients of Thyroid Dysfunction and Hypothyroidism

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs111.30363048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 3036-3048

Keyword(s):

Serum Cholesterol ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

P Value ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hypothyroid Patients ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Thyroid hormones regulate lipid and lipoprotein metabolism; Therefore, thyroid dysfunction induces significant changes in lipid levels. This study was carried out to study the prevalence of thyroid disease and observe the association between hypothyroidism and serum cholesterol levels. A cross-sectional study enrolling all 50 diagnosed hypothyroid patients coming to the hospital lab irrespective of age and sex was selected, conducted during 2018-2020. The present study was conducted in the department of biochemistry in fifty hypothyroid male and female cases and 50 healthy controls. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and Triglycerides were estimated in these patients, and the results were analyzed. Mean values of Serum Cholesterol in cases (<0.001), there was a significant difference between serum cholesterol of hypothyroid cases and controls with p-value <0.001. There was a significant difference between serum TSH of hypothyroid cases and controls with a p-value <0.000. We found that in other investigations FBS, TG, VLDL, T3 & T4, the p-value was found significant among cases and controls. In the present study, we concluded that TSH level is increased and T3 and T4 levels are decreased in hypothyroid patients, creatinine, and cholesterol levels are increased in hypothyroid patients. We observed that there is an increase in TSH levels as age increases. We can say that any change in thyroid hormone levels alters skeletal muscles' functioning and decreases renal perfusion and filtration capacity.

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Cord Blood Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level: Interpretation in Light of Antenatal and Perinatal Factors

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/0973217920902003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 87-92

Author(s):

Ravi Bhatia ◽

Dinesh Rajwaniya ◽

Indira S. Paul

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Fetal Distress ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

P Value ◽

Perinatal Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Normal Delivery ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Objective: To study the influence of antenatal and perinatal factors on umbilical cord blood thyroid-stimulating hormone (CB TSH) levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Private Medical College. Methods: CB TSH levels were measured in 1147 neonates using chemiluminescence immunoassay. The effect of antenatal and perinatal factors on CB TSH values was analyzed statistically. Results: The mean TSH value was 6.811 mIu/mL. A total of 44 neonates (3.83%) had a CB TSH value greater than 20 mIu/mL and had to be recalled for a repeat workup. CB TSH was significantly raised in first-order births, those born via normal vaginal delivery, and in those whom the lower section caesarean section (LSCS) was done for fetal distress (all P value <.05). Male babies had a significantly higher CB TSH value as compared to the females. Babies having Apgar < 7 at 1 min also had a significantly higher CB TSH value. Maternal hypothyroidism did not have any significant effect. On multivariate analysis, we found a positive correlation between birth weight, Apgar, and gestational age with CB TSH values. Conclusion: The incidence of neonates having a CB TSH greater than 20 mIu/mL was 3.83%. Male children, those delivered via normal delivery, those delivered via LSCS where fetal distress was an indication, and those requiring resuscitation, were significant factors affecting CB TSH values.

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CORRELATION OF THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE AND PROLACTIN LEVELS IN NON-PREGNANT FEMALE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i4.36958 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 147-148

Author(s):

Sulekha Sinha ◽

ANUPAMA HEGDE ◽

POORNIMA A MANJREKAR ◽

RUKMINI MS

Keyword(s):

Positive Association ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

P Value ◽

Group 3 ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Group 2 ◽

Different Levels ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Group 1 ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Objective: The objective of the study was to correlate prolactin (PRL) levels with different levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Methods: The study included 221 non-pregnant females of the age group of 16–43 years. TSH and PRL were assayed. Subjects were divided into three groups based on TSH levels, namely, low, normal, and high TSH levels and results compared. Statistical analysis: The comparison between different groups was done using test ANOVA. Correlation between TSH and PRL was established using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: Five subjects in Group-1 with low TSH values (mean 0.096±0.08 μIU/ml) had PRL 9.8±6.25 ng/dl, 186 subjects in Group-2 with normal TSH values (mean 1.98±0.94 μIU/ml) had PRL 16.58±8.78 ng/dl, and in Group-3 with high TSH values (mean 6.45±3.91 μIU/ml) had PRL 26.53±15.98 ng/dl. p value for TSH is <0.001 (significant) and for PRL also is <0.001 (significant). Positive correlation has been found in overall 221 subjects between TSH and PRL with correlation coefficient r=0.239 and p=0.01 (significant). Conclusion: PRL levels were higher in group with high TSH values. In most previous studies (subjects with established subclinical or overt hypothyroid), PRL was found higher with higher TSH levels. This study showed strong positive association between TSH and PRL irrespective of the thyroid status.

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Short-term Withdrawal of Levothyroxine, Induced Increase of Thyroid-stimulating Hormone and an Increase Ratio of Triiodothyronine to Thyroxine

European Endocrinology ◽

10.17925/ee.2013.09.01.37 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Martin Carlwe ◽

Thomas Schaffer ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Complete Regression ◽

Free T4 ◽

Dosing Intervals ◽

Hypothyroid Patients ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Objective:Treatment with levothyroxine in primary hypothyroid patients does not always provide complete regression of associated symptoms despite normalised TSH levels. Several sources report ratios of triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine (T4) are diminished in hypothyroid patients following a daily levothyroxine regimen. It is known that thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases de-iodination of T4 to T3. We hypothesise that a raise in TSH levels caused by a temporary withdrawal of oral levothyroxine will be followed by an increased conversion of T4 to T3.Methods:Thirteen patients treated with monotherapy of levothyroxine were included in our pilot study. Treatment was temporarily discontinued for one week in which TSH, free T3 (fT3) and free T4 (fT4) were monitored. TSH and fT3 to fT4 ratios were compared with baseline values.Results:Statistically significant elevations in TSH and fT3 plasma levels relative to fT4 were demonstrated in all patients after withdrawal of levothyroxine.Conclusion:Both TSH and fT3 to fT4 ratios rose following temporary discontinuation of levothyroxine. The effect on symptoms and quality of life is not evaluated in this pilot study. Our results warrant further investigation into whether or not longer dosing intervals would demonstrate commensurate hormone elevations that better reflects the hormonal ratios in healthy subjects and if this also has an effect on quality of life scores.

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Association of maternal serum trace elements with newborn screening-thyroid stimulating hormone

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2019-0372 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Yasemin Ucal ◽

Muhittin Serdar ◽

Cansu Akın-Levi ◽

Zeynep Zulfiye Yıldırım-Keles ◽

Cem Turam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Newborn Screening ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Free T3 ◽

Flame Atomic Absorption ◽

Serum Trace Elements ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

AbstractObjectivesTrace elements are essential in thyroid functioning as they incorporate into biologically important enzymes as cofactors. The placenta can either activate or inhibit the transfer of maternal trace elements to the unborn. An imbalance of maternal trace elements in pregnancy may affect both maternal and newborn thyroid function.MethodsBlood samples from 315 lactating mothers were collected in the first 48 h after delivery and evaluated for selenium (Se), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and quadrupole inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Thyroid hormones and auto-antibodies (thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3 (fT3), free T3 (fT4), anti–thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin (anti-TG)) were analyzed in maternal blood using an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Between 48 and 72 postpartum hours, spot blood samples were used for newborn screening-TSH measurement. Correlation and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of maternal trace element levels on newborn screening-TSH levels.ResultsThe medians (min-max) of maternal Se (45.16 µg/L (21.28–79.04)), Cu (210.10 µg/dL (117.04–390.64)), Mn (2.11 µg/L (0.20–3.46)), and Zn (0.43 mg/L (0.24–0.66)) were determined. A positive correlation was detected between Zn and maternal TSH levels (r=0.12, p < 0.05). Newborn screening-TSH was significantly correlated with maternal Cu (r=0.14, p < 0.01). Similarly, Cu exhibited weak associations in clustering analysis while others shared common clusters with newborn-screening TSH.ConclusionsThere was no significant association between most of the maternal serum trace elements and maternal thyroid hormone parameters, with an only exception between maternal Zn and maternal serum TSH. Finally, the association between maternal serum Cu levels and newborn screening-TSH levels may highlight the importance of maternal Cu levels on the newborn thyroid health.

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