scholarly journals Interpretation of Variation in Corneal Parameters with Age using Pentacam: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvinder Nagpal ◽  
Mandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Best Fit

Introduction: Previous equipments used to study cornea were mostly Placido based which could only analyse anterior surface of cornea, while Pentacam is based on elevation based imaging method that helps to study the curvature of cornea, its elevation and thickness profile more accurately. There are numerous studies published to study the thickness of cornea, this study outlines the importance of changes introduced in various corneal parameters with age which in itself is an important factor with possible positive correlation. Aim: To determine various corneal parameters and to interpret the variations in these with increasing age. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a cohort of 60 healthy patients attending Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology from July 2019 to February 2020. Two sets of values were determined, studied and compared between different age groups. First set of values included, keratometry values in the flat (K1) and steep (K2) and maximal keratometry values of the front surface (Kmax). Second set of values included, Anterior Elevations (AE), Posterior Elevations (PE), PE minus AE from Best Fit Sphere of 8 mm (BFS) and PE from the Best-fit Toric Ellipsoid (BFTE), apex thickness (CCT), pachymetry at the thinnest-point thickness (TCT),average corneal Pachymetry Progression Indices (PPI avg) and average Ambrosio’s Relational Thickness indices (ART avg). Based on age, three groups were created with 20 participants in each, Group A with age 18 to 25 years, Group B with age between 26 and 40 years and Group C with age more than 40 years. Scanning of all study subjects was done using Pentacam. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The average age was 21±2.42 years in group A, 30.9±4.3 years in group B and 42.45±1.65 years in group C. When AE, PE and PE-AE values were compared among three age groups, results were highly significant with p-value <0.00001. Thus, the elevation indices from BFS were found to be correlated with age. On comparison of PPI average between group A and B, group B and C values were statistically insignificant (p-values 0.51 and 0.19, respectively).Though in comparison between Group A and C, average corneal PPI avg was found to be of statistical significance (p-value=0.048). Average ART indices (ART avg) was found to produce highly statistically significant results among 3 groups (p-value <0.00001). Conclusion: The corneal parameters are significantly altered from their normative values with age. This study outlines that elevations indices and avg ART values are significantly altered with increasing age.

scholarly journals DERMAL PAPILLAE;

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Baqar
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Dermal Papillae

Introduction: To study and compare the changes in the height of dermal papillae in the skin of different age groups in a segment of Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Period: Five months, from July 2010 to November 2010. Setting: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Materials & Method: Sixty volunteers of both sexes, after fulfilling the inclusion criteria, participated in this cross sectional study. They all gave written informed consent. They were divided into three equal groups according to their ages, Group A ranged in age from 18 – 29 years, Group B from 30 – 49 years, and Group C > 50 years. Punch biopsies were taken from the sun protected upper arm skin, from all volunteers, after giving local anaesthesia. Samples were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. They were observed under light microscope. Height of dermal papillae was measured at three random sites in each sample and mean was taken.The mean of all three groups was compared with each other and data was analyzed. Results: The mean of each sample was taken and then final mean of each group was calculated. They were then compared with each other. The mean height of dermal papillae of group A was 98.667µm, that of group B was 83.333µm and the mean height of dermal papillae in group C was 47.33µm. There was significant difference between the three groups and ‘p’-value was less than 0.5. Conclusion: At the end of this study, it was concluded that, the height of dermal papillae reduces significantly with age.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF MISWAK AS COMPARED WITH TOOTHBRUSH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1582-84
Author(s):  
Hassam Anjum Mir ◽  
Mubashir Sharif ◽  
Ali Asif ◽  
Maleeha Shamim ◽  
Maaz Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective: To determine if the traditional chewing stick Miswak was as effective in cleaning teeth as Toothbrush. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: A total of 300 subjects were included which were divided in two groups on the basis of whether they used miswak or toothbrush as a cleaning aid. Group A was toothbrush users and group B was Miswak user. Plaque Index was used to determine the cleanliness of teeth. The scores were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: The means and standard deviations of Plaque Index score for group A and B were 0.96 ± 0.58 and 0.98 ± 0.56 respectively. The comparison of Plaque Index score for both groups was insignificant with the p-value of 0.083. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness of traditional miswak and tooth brush. It is recommended that if the technique of teeth cleaning is good then any of the abovementioned means of teeth cleaning can be used.

scholarly journals Effect of Colours on Perception and Cognition of Students Belonging to Two Different Age Groups: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Gupta Lalbabuprasad ◽  
Anita Rahul Gune
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Colour Perception ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Group A ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Colour is believed to stimulate senses. It improves the attention span and helps in developing cognitive abilities and hence, can be beneficial in the educational set-up. There is a void in literature about usefulness of colours in the education settings in India. Aim: This study was conducted to assess students’ preference, perception, emotional responses, memory, and cognition related to colours. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted over a period of two months (January-February 2018) comprised of 300 students divided into two equal groups: Group A with 13 to 18 years of age, Group B with 19 to 25 years of age. On four consecutive days, both the groups were exposed to the same power point slide with some words highlighted with a single colour (red: material related to discovery of earth’s polarity, blue: material related to arbovirus, yellow: material related to pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus, or green: material related to Mangalyan). At the end of the fourth session, a validated questionnaire was used to evaluate the students’ perceptions and responses to various colours. The data were analysed using R software v 3.6.1. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to find significant differences within the group, p<0.05. Results: In group A, the highest mean preference was observed for the colour red (mean=8.02±2.83; p=2.20e-16), blue was found to be a soothing colour (n=65) and yellow helped in better recollection of facts (n=44). In contrast, in group B, the highest mean preference was observed for the colour blue (mean=8.35±3.59; p=5.90e-15). Yellow was considered a more soothing colour (n=43), and black helped in better recollection (n=41). Conclusion: Colour perception varies in different age groups. It also affects emotions, memory, and influences mood disposition.

The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanda Chalela
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Malaria Patient ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Itn Use ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

DETERMINING MIGRAINE WITH AURA TRIGGER FACTORS TOWARD IMPROVING THE PRACTICE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM SAUDI ARABIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 270-292
Author(s):  
Foziah Jabbar ALSHAMRANI ◽  
Noor Mohammad ALMOHISH ◽  
Mohammed Faisal ALMUAIGEL ◽  
Narjes Ali ALRAMADHAN ◽  
Maryam Mohammad ALJUMAH
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Trigger Factors ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Primary headache is one of the most common disorders treated in neurology clinics. Globally, it has been estimated that the current prevalence of headache disorder in adults symptomatic, at least once within the last year, is about 50%. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015, migraine was ranked as the third most common cause of disability worldwide. One of the significant migraines is migraine with aura, a frequent headache that occurs after or with sensory disturbances. Aim: This study aimed to identify and compare triggers in previously diagnosed patients with migraine with aura (MwA) to those who have not been identified with migraine with aura before but diagnosed according to a questionnaire survey distributed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: Adults aged 18–50 years were randomly selected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to participate in this non-interventional, multicentre, cross-sectional study. The study data was collected via an online questionnaire using the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2018 and the Cleveland Clinic Canada headache questionnaire. Results and Discussion: Of the 4.140 potentially eligible individuals, 302 were not previously diagnosed with migraine with aura but were diagnosed with a questionnaire (Group A), while 71 participants were already diagnosed (MwA) (Group B). A significant relationship was found among MwA and stress and anxiety, sleep disturbance, noisy places, exposure to lots of lights, prolonged computer work, hunger, fasting, studying for exams, and menstruation in Group A. Group B experienced all of the previous triggers in addition to weather changes, certain odors, and the consumption of cheese, bananas, and hotdogs. Conclusions: The trigger factors are common in individuals with MwA. Awareness of these triggers is essential for preventing the severe complications of MwA, hence, enhance the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals Morphological study of weight of the ovary at different age group in Bangladeshi people

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
MS Ahmed ◽  
H Rahman ◽  
ZG Ara ◽  
SZ Sultana ◽  
M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Aims: The morphological study was aimed to finedout the ovarian weight in dif ferent age group in Bangladeshi people to increase the knowledge regarding weight variation in our population. Subject & Methods: This cross - sectional study was carried out on Sixty two postmortem tissue contain ovary and fallopian tube along with surrounding structures were collected from 62- female cadaver of different age group by block dissection and fixed in 10% formal saline solution. Gross and fine dissections were carried out to see the morphological parameter of weight of the ovary in different age groups. In the present study, findings were compared with findings of the other researchers. Results: Maximum mean weight of the right ovary is found in this study in group C (46-80) years is 5.78gm and minimum weight is found in group A (2-13 years ) is 3.36gm .But incase left ovary Maximum in group B(14-45)years is 5.01 and minimum group a (2-13)is 2.72gm. statistatical analysis significant different between two groups was calculated by using students "T"Test. In the present study it is observed that the weight of the ovary is not equal on both side of same individual. Key words: ovary,morphology; weight DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9498 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 266-268

scholarly journals A study of effectiveness of topical insulin on healing of diabetic ulcers at tertiary health care centre: a cross sectional study from Puducherry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Paritoshsingh B. Thakur ◽  
T. Ramachandrudu ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetic Ulcers ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Insulin being a growth factor was proved to stimulate angiogenesis, collagen formation, matrix formation and granulation tissue proliferation in several preclinical studies. The objective was to study effectiveness of topical insulin on healing of diabetic ulcers at tertiary health care centre.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out in the Department of surgery of a tertiary health care centre during August 2018 to August 2019 so during this period there were 60 patients. Group A was given topical insulin application. Group B was given saline application. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 24.0 version and un-paired t-test and chi-square tests are applied as test of significance.Results: Average time required for granulation tissue to appear (mean±SD) was significantly less in group A as compared to Group B (p<0.001, df=58, t=5.87); Average surface area of wound (mm2) at day 6th day was significantly less in group A (p<0.05, df=58,t=3.98); average depth of the wounds (mm) at day 6th day was significantly less in Group A as compared to in Group B (p<0.001, df=58, t=4.92).Conclusions: The topical application of insulin is significantly associated with fastening of wound healing in the diabetic ulcer.

scholarly journals Weight of the Human Thyroid Gland – A Postmortem Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
ASM Nurunnabi ◽  
A Alim ◽  
M Sabiha ◽  
B Manowara ◽  
K Monira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Context: A cross-sectional study was designed to find out the difference in weight of the thyroid gland of Bangladeshi people in relation to age and sex and to compare with previous local and foreign studies. Materials & Methods: The present study was performed on 60 post mortem human thyroid gland (39 of male and 21 of female) collected from unclaimed dead bodies which were in the morgue under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age-groups including Group A (10-20 years), Group B (21-50 years) & Group C (>50 years) and the weight of the thyroid glands were measured and recorded. Results: The mean weight of the thyroid gland in male was 15.14 gm, 19.20 gm and 14.64 gm and in female was 16.02 gm, 19.03 gm and 14.67 gm in group A, B and C respectively. The mean weight of the thyroid gland was 15.48 gm in group A, 19.15 gm in group B and 14.65 gm in group C. There was no difference in mean weight of the thyroid gland between male and female. The difference in mean weight of the thyroid gland between group A & group B and group B & group C were found statistically significant. The weight of the gland was found to increase from early childhood and puberty up to 50 years of age and then decrease. Key words: Thyroid gland; Weight of thyroid gland. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i1.5230 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.1 Jan 2010 44-48

scholarly journals Haematocrit Value in Preeclampsia

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sankar Kumar Basak ◽  
Kohinoor Begum ◽  
Maliha Rashid ◽  
Nahid Yasmin ◽  
Hasina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Objective(s): To assess the association between the haematocrit value and severity of preeclampsia.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of January 2012 to December 2013. Total of 100 patients were studied and they were divided into two groups – group-A and group-B. Fifty preeclamptic patients were included in the group-A and 50 normal pregnant women were included in the group-B.Results: Majority of preeclamptic women (68%) and normal pregnant women (76%) were in the age group of 20-30 years with the mean ages of group-A and group-B subjects were 26.50±5.71 and 26.26±4.91 years respectively. Eighty six percent of group-A and 70% of group-B women were of lower socioeconomic status. Majority of the study subjects (74% of group-A and 80% of group-B) were housewife. More than half (54%) of the preeclamptic women were primigravid and 60% of normal pregnant women were multigravid. Among the preeclamptic subjects 16 (32%) had mild hypertension (DBP<110mmHg) and 34 (68%) had severe hypertension (DBP ? 110 mmHg). Out of 50 preeclamptic subjects 45 (90%) had severe proteinuria (+++) and only 5 (10%) had moderate (++) proteinuria.The mean haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients was 34.881±3.03 and that of normal pregnant women was 31.94±1.2. It was statistically significant (P value 0.001). The mean haematocrit value of normal pregnant, mild and severe preeclamptic women were 31.94±1.2, 33.31±2.57 and 35.62±2.95 respectively. It was also statistically significant (P value 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows that haematocrit value of preeclamptic patients is significantly higher compared to that of the normal pregnant women (P<0.05). There is a strong association of increasead haematocrit and preeclampsia.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2015; Vol. 30(2) : 80-85

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF HEALTH LITERACY AMONG IRAQI WOMEN WITH DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Zena Mudhfar Al-nema
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Source Of Information

 Objectives: The objectives of the study were to compare the health knowledge of women of different age groups. To evaluate different methods for developing health literacy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2014 to January 2016 in Baghdad, Iraq. All candidates were females, age ≥18 years, neither medical staff nor medical students.The sample was divided into two groups: Group A: Females aged18–45 years, Group B: Females aged >45 years. A comparison between the two groups regarding their health literacy and the source of information was made.Results: The final sample included 213 women, of them, there were 107≤45 years (Group A) and 106>45 years (Group B) women. Significant difference was found between both groups regarding the knowledge about the prevention of cholera where the accurate answers were 46.7% in Group A versus 80.1% in Group B. The main source of information for both groups was the personal experience. However, internet was used more (42%) by the younger women (Group A), and television was used more (52.8%) by the older women (Group B).Conclusion: Young women had a better literacy on common medical problems, but the old showed overall limited health literacy. Pharmacists, physicians, and activities of the Ministry of Health played an impotent role in health literacy in the old women. 

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