Determinants of Work Motivation and Work Satisfaction among Kibbutz Aged Workers

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Leviatan
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Younger Workers

The paper first explains why industrial societies will shortly need to increase their labour force by including persons of post current retirement age. It then presents two contrasted hypotheses to explain older workers' satisfaction with, and motivation in their work roles: Hypothesis (a), a “focus on compensation” which suggests that older workers seek compensation for deterioration in their sensory-motor potentials; Hypothesis (b), a “focus on relative advantage” which suggests that older workers seek to exploit their relative advantages, namely, their cognitive-emotional abilities and potentials. Reactions would be affected more by opportunities for satisfaction of psychological, higher order needs rather than opportunities for satisfying bodily needs. Validity of Hypothesis (b) is tested by a study of kibbutz workers (235) distributed about equally between the two genders and among three age groups (45-57; 58-67; 68 and over). Results of the analyses support Hypothesis (b) and its derivations. Older workers desire job characteristics that offer opportunities for satisfaction of higher order psychological needs more than they desire characteristics that offer better physical conditions and convenience at work. The former characteristics explain more than the latter characteristics, variance in “satisfaction with work” and variance in “motivation to contribute to job.” The discussion ends with suggestions for further study to answer questions such as: how and when to train workers to prepare them for jobs appropriate at very advanced ages beyond the currently normative retirement age; what should be the structure of jobs fit for older workers; how should they be integrated in work organizations with younger workers; where should the locus of decision regarding these questions be?

Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA. The implications of this finding for policy making towards older workers are discussed.

scholarly journals Trends in the length of long-term unemployment in Europe: an approach using working life tables, 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariona Lozano ◽  
Elisenda Rentería
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Time Out ◽  
One Year

Long-term unemployment has severe negative consequences. However, little is known about how long people could expect to be unemployed for more than one year during their lifespan, and which age groups are spending more time out of work while looking for jobs. We apply demographic techniques to enhance our understanding of long-term unemployment, and use the European Labour Force Survey and mortality data to calculate the time that a person could expect to be unemployed for more than a year in 25 European countries between 2000 and 2018. We identify four groups of countries that are characterised by different trends in the duration of long-term unemployment. Results show very different impact of the 2008 Recession on the length of long-term unemployment in Europe, and it was especially large in Southern and Eastern countries, as well as in Ireland. In addition, although younger workers record higher rates of long-term unemployment, older workers could expect to spend a larger proportion of their working lives unemployed. Finally, we show that, in some countries, the measure of long-term unemployment has been underestimated due to a discouraged worker effect.

Work Centrality of Different Age Groups and the Wish to Discontinue Work

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilha Mannheim ◽  
Josef Rein
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Rewards

This study explores the relationships between work centrality, age and the wish to stop working in a sample of 755 males in Israel, classified into five occupational categories. Contrary to disengagement theory, no relationship was found between age and work centrality in any occupational group. Occupational situs was found to intervene in the relationship between age and the wish to stop working. Those willing to stop working have lower work centrality in all age groups, and intrinsic job rewards have a moderating effect on this relationship. The factors affecting work centrality of older workers differ from those affecting younger workers.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Predictors of Retirement Preferences over Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Pilipiec ◽  
Wim Groot ◽  
Milena Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
University Education ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Due to rapid demographic ageing and to sustain its pension system, the Netherlands recently initiated a pension reform that increased the retirement age, with the intention to increase labour force participation among older workers. However, there is little evidence on the preferences of workers concerning their retirement age, and on how these preferences have changed over time. To identify personal and work-related determinants of the preference toward earlier or later retirement, and how these determinants and preferences have changed over time. We use data from three consecutive measurements (waves) of a large Dutch panel. Ordered logit regression is used to investigate the predictors of retirement preferences. Analyses are performed for two groups; all workers and a subsample of workers aged 50 years or older. Furthermore, the analyses are performed for each wave separately and for the combined dataset. A preference for later retirement is primarily related to university education, high job satisfaction, and high income. Age is only positively related to later retirement among older workers. Earlier retirement is preferred by female workers and workers living with a partner. The preference toward an earlier retirement age has increased over time. The preferences toward retirement can be primarily explained by personal characteristics, job satisfaction, and net income. Furthermore, with the increase in the retirement age defined by current legislation, the preference for an earlier retirement age has increased over time.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Influence of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations on Construction Worker Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Nobuki Hashiguchi ◽  
Shintaro Sengoku ◽  
Yasushi Kubota ◽  
Shigeo Kitahara ◽  
Yeongjoo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Physical Risk

The increasing sophistication and complexity of construction technology have also increased workers’ physical risk and psychological stress. This study examined the relationships between health risks, work motivation, and productivity as perceived by construction workers. A hypothetical model of worker perceptions, and the psychological factors influencing these perceptions, was developed. A total of 324 construction workers at a Japanese construction company participated in the study and were divided into two groups: younger (45 years of age and below) and older adults (46 years of age and above). Data were collected using a questionnaire. The differences between the age groups were analyzed with regard to their perceptions of health risks, motivation, work skills, and productivity. Both younger and older workers were affected by intrinsic motivations and extrinsic motivations, but the effect of these motivations on work performance differed depending on age. Higher health risks are anticipated to affect the work motivation and productivity perceptions of older workers. The proposed model and findings of this study contribute to understanding worker motivations and have important implications for labor management of construction projects. By addressing construction workers’ intrinsic (e.g., interest) and extrinsic (e.g., reward) motivations, it is possible to sustainably improve project productivity.

Productivity in older versus younger workers: A systematic literature review

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-618
Author(s):  
C.A. Viviani ◽  
G. Bravo ◽  
M. Lavallière ◽  
P.M. Arezes ◽  
M. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ageing Phenomenon

BACKGROUND: Worldwide ageing and thus, workforce ageing, is a concern for both developed and developing nations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current research was to determine, through a systematic literature review, the effects of age in three dimensions that are often used to define or assess productivity at work. METHODS: PICO framework was used to generate search strategies, inclusion criteria and terms. Scopus and PubMed databases were used. Peer-reviewed journal papers written in English and published (or in press) between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. RESULTS: After filtering through inclusion criteria, 74 papers were included in the review. Considering productivity, 41%of the findings showed no differences between younger and older workers, 31%report better productivity of younger workers and 28%reported that older workers had better productivity than younger workers. Performance was better in older workers (58%), presenteeism generally showed no significant differences between age groups (61%). Absenteeism was the only outcome where younger workers outperformed older workers (43%). CONCLUSION: Overall, there was no difference in productivity between older and younger workers. Older workers performed better than younger workers, but had more absenteeism, while presenteeism showed no differences. As ageing has come to workplaces, holistic approaches addressing total health are suggested to overcome the worldwide workforce ageing phenomenon.

Determinants of older and younger workers' job satisfaction and organisational commitment in the contrasting labour markets of Belgium and Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1093-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA CLAES ◽  
BART VAN DE VEN
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Skill Discretion ◽  
Perceived Job Insecurity

ABSTRACTThroughout the industrialised world, promoting the retention of older workers is high on the agenda of governments, employers, unions and the media, but not at any price. If persuading older workers to stay at work longer is to benefit companies and wider society, then the employees should be committed and satisfied with their decision. This study explores the factors that keep older workers satisfied and committed at work by contrasting samples of older (aged 50 or more years) and younger workers (up to 25 years) in favourable (Sweden) and unfavourable labour markets (Belgium). The core research question is whether the influential factors are different for the two age groups, after controlling for country, gender, educational level, employment sector, supervisory position, and the employee's financial contribution to the household. The predictors included workers' self-reports of skill discretion (i.e. the range of skills used on the job), organisational fairness, and perceived job insecurity. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that, across age groups, skill discretion and organisational fairness predicted both job satisfaction and organisational commitment. For older workers there was a negative impact of perceived job insecurity on job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The national context only affected younger workers. In the unfavourable Belgian labour market, they were more satisfied and committed to their organisation.

scholarly journals Ageing towards meaningful work? Age, labour-market change, and attitudes to work in the Swedish workforce, 1979–2003

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Örestig
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Work Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Extrinsic Work Values

A central finding in earlier research on work orientation is that there are substantial age-differences regarding attitudes to work. Generally, more older workers describe their jobs as intrinsically meaningful than younger workers. This result has been interpreted in three different ways, the psychological, the cultural, and the structural hypotheses, where the first emphasizes cognitive age-differences, the second sees age-differences as outcomes of generational differences, and the third regards them as expressions of labour-market inequalities. These different approaches lead to quite different hypotheses regarding recent developments, but the relevant research is limited. Drawing on data from the Swedish survey of living conditions (ULF), this study has examined attitudinal change within the Swedish workforce during 1979–2003. Three sub-periods, 1986-1987, 1994-1996, and 2001-2003 were compared with 1979, the year of reference. The results showed that a consistently smaller share of the workforce held extrinsic work values in the subsequent periods, and that this applied to all age-groups. Further, the results did not support the assumption of broader cultural differences between generations. Rather, the results provide support for the structural hypothesis. Older workers held extrinsic work values to a lesser degree than younger workers regardless of period. Most strikingly, the gap between the youngest group on the labour market (ages 16–29) and the older groups widened during the period. Furthermore, class differences in the distribution of the extrinsic attitude were intact throughout the study period; manual employees were consistently more likely to hold an extrinsic attitude than were service-class employees. This implies that differences in the probability of extrinsic work attitudes have been identifiable regardless of period, but that their prevalence has decreased as jobs involving features related to extrinsic work values have decreased since 1979.

scholarly journals Changes in the Age and Education Profile of Displaced Workers

ILR Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodriguez ◽  
Madeline Zavodny
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rule Out

This analysis of data from the Displaced Workers Surveys suggests that between the periods 1983–87 and 1993–97, although the likelihood of involuntary job loss declined among most age groups, including older workers, it rose for middle-aged and older workers relative to younger workers. Three potential explanations for this shift the authors investigate are changes in educational attainment, changes in the relationship between education and displacement, and industry shifts that had adverse effects on older workers relative to younger workers. The results of the analysis indicate that the relative displacement rate among college graduates increased over time, but there were few significant changes in the relationship between displacement and education within or across age groups. The probability of displacement increased significantly for workers in service-related industries across all age groups. The results do not conclusively indicate why older workers' relative risk of displacement increased but do rule out several possibilities.

Older Workers and the Peripheral Workforce: The Erosion of Gender Differences

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dale ◽  
Claire Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Using Data

ABSTRACTAt a time when the proportion of full-time permanent jobs is decreasing and there is evidence of a growth in ‘peripheral’ forms of work, it is important to review the position of older workers, both men and women. Using data from the Labour Force Survey of 1984, it is shown that, while the employment rate falls sharply in the ten-year period prior to state retirement age, it is only those of post-retirement age who are disproportionately represented in peripheral forms of work. It is suggested that some ‘peripheral’ forms of work allow greater flexibility in age of retirement than permanent full-time jobs. While there are clear gender differences among those of pre-retirement age, with a higher proportion of women than men in peripheral jobs, there is a marked erosion of these gender differences amongst men and women who work beyond state retirement age.

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