scholarly journals Trends in the length of long-term unemployment in Europe: an approach using working life tables, 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariona Lozano ◽  
Elisenda Rentería
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Time Out ◽  
One Year

Long-term unemployment has severe negative consequences. However, little is known about how long people could expect to be unemployed for more than one year during their lifespan, and which age groups are spending more time out of work while looking for jobs. We apply demographic techniques to enhance our understanding of long-term unemployment, and use the European Labour Force Survey and mortality data to calculate the time that a person could expect to be unemployed for more than a year in 25 European countries between 2000 and 2018. We identify four groups of countries that are characterised by different trends in the duration of long-term unemployment. Results show very different impact of the 2008 Recession on the length of long-term unemployment in Europe, and it was especially large in Southern and Eastern countries, as well as in Ireland. In addition, although younger workers record higher rates of long-term unemployment, older workers could expect to spend a larger proportion of their working lives unemployed. Finally, we show that, in some countries, the measure of long-term unemployment has been underestimated due to a discouraged worker effect.

Age, labour market conditions and male suicide rates in selected countries

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP TAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Male Suicide ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between suicide rates among men since 1975 and rates of unemployment and labour force participation in 20 countries. Previous research has found statistically significant correlations between suicide and unemployment rates over time among young people in a number of countries. This study has extended this research to include different age groups of men. The findings for younger workers largely confirm the findings of previous studies. Among older workers, however, unemployment and suicide rates are largely unrelated, notable exceptions including Japan and the USA. The implications of this finding for policy making towards older workers are discussed.

scholarly journals Closing the age gap? Age, skills and the experience of work in Great Britain

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1293-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAN FELSTEAD
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
National Governments

ABSTRACTPopulations across Europe are ageing as death rates among the old and fertility rates among the young fall. This produces a number of long-term challenges for national governments – most notably, coping with the increased demand for social services, pensions and benefits that must be funded by a declining proportion of working adults. One policy response has been to extend people's working lives, but we know relatively little about the skills and employment experiences of older workers and how these compare with younger workers. This paper sheds new light on this issue by examining whether older workers do less well than their younger counterparts in terms of the skills of the jobs they hold, the quality of their working lives, their commitment to their current employer and to employment in general, and their attitudes towards and experiences of training. The paper also assesses whether these age gaps have closed over time. The empirical evidence for the paper is from five separate but comparable surveys carried out in 1986, 1992, 1997, 2001 and 2006. Taken together, the five surveys provide information on the employment experiences of over 22,000 workers in Great Britain. This allows us to chart whether we are witnessing the disappearance of at least some of the age divisions in the labour market.

Unemployment and the Older Worker in the Netherlands: Re-entry into the Labour Force or Resignation

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kène Henkens ◽  
Maarten Sprengers ◽  
Frits Tazelaar
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Year ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Formal Application

AbstractIn this article we present the results of a panel survey in which 242 men aged 40 to 55 were followed for approximately seven years after they became involuntarily unemployed. The study focused on reintegration probabilities of the older workers and on the question of their reaction to a situation of prolonged unemployment. The study shows that if policy is not changed, the probability of the reintegration of older, long-term unemployed persons into the labour force will remain extremely low. Re-entry via a ‘normally’ functioning labour market (formal application procedures and official job intermediaries) takes place almost exclusively during the first year after dismissal. If a new job is not found, a resigned feeling occurs among almost all of this older unemployed group. Most of the older people adjust to the new circumstances sooner or later. If one wishes to protect older persons from the trap of long-term unemployment (and in many cases total exclusion), more rapid interventions must be made, and reorientation and retraining efforts must be started sooner, before it is ‘too late’. From the employer’s point of view, there is not much interest in those who are still unemployed after one year.

Determinants of Work Motivation and Work Satisfaction among Kibbutz Aged Workers

1992 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uriel Leviatan
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Younger Workers

The paper first explains why industrial societies will shortly need to increase their labour force by including persons of post current retirement age. It then presents two contrasted hypotheses to explain older workers' satisfaction with, and motivation in their work roles: Hypothesis (a), a “focus on compensation” which suggests that older workers seek compensation for deterioration in their sensory-motor potentials; Hypothesis (b), a “focus on relative advantage” which suggests that older workers seek to exploit their relative advantages, namely, their cognitive-emotional abilities and potentials. Reactions would be affected more by opportunities for satisfaction of psychological, higher order needs rather than opportunities for satisfying bodily needs. Validity of Hypothesis (b) is tested by a study of kibbutz workers (235) distributed about equally between the two genders and among three age groups (45-57; 58-67; 68 and over). Results of the analyses support Hypothesis (b) and its derivations. Older workers desire job characteristics that offer opportunities for satisfaction of higher order psychological needs more than they desire characteristics that offer better physical conditions and convenience at work. The former characteristics explain more than the latter characteristics, variance in “satisfaction with work” and variance in “motivation to contribute to job.” The discussion ends with suggestions for further study to answer questions such as: how and when to train workers to prepare them for jobs appropriate at very advanced ages beyond the currently normative retirement age; what should be the structure of jobs fit for older workers; how should they be integrated in work organizations with younger workers; where should the locus of decision regarding these questions be?

Age profile of NHS workers in occupational physician clinics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W A Telling
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Occupational Physician ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Occupational Outcomes ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Occupational Outcome ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background The population in the UK is predicted to increase in size and age. The National Health Service (NHS) is the largest employer in the UK and demographic changes in the working population would be expected to be reflected in the NHS workforce. Such changes may present different challenges to an NHS occupational physician (OP). Aims To evaluate how the age profile of an NHS workforce is reflected in referral patterns, diagnoses and occupational outcomes for workers assessed by OPs. Methods NHS workers employed by a large acute Trust who were referred to an OP for assessment during 2011–12 were identified. Occupational health data relating to their assessment were analysed to investigate relationships with age. Results Seven hundred and two workers were identified; they were from all staff and age groups employed by the NHS Trust. The highest referral rate to an OP was in staff aged between 41 and 60 years. There was no evidence that workers with long-term conditions assessed by an OP were likely to be older. The occupational outcome of ill-health retirement was linked to age. Conclusions This study suggested that older workers, aged between 41 and 60 years, may be more likely to be referred for assessment by an OP than younger workers. The only occupational outcome linked to age was ill-health retirement, which was more likely for workers over 50 years of age.

scholarly journals Quantification of mortality and morbidity in general population of heavily-industrialized city of Abadan: Effect of long-term exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Ghorbanian ◽  
Ahmad Jonidi Jafari ◽  
Abbas Shahsavani ◽  
Ali Abdolahnejad ◽  
Majid Kermani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Vice Chancellor ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Introduction: In the 21st century, air pollution has become a global and environmental challenge. The increase in cases of illness and mortality due to air pollution is not hidden from anyone. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the mortality rate due to cause by air pollution agents (PM2.5) in the southernmost city of Khuzestan province (Abadan city) at 2018-2019. Materials and methods: To estimate the mortality duo to air pollution, data related to PM2.5 particles daily concentrations was received from the Abadan Environmental Protection Organization. The average 24-h concentrations of PM2.5 were calculated using Excel. Then, mortality data were obtained from the Vice Chancellor for Health, Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Finally, by AirQ+ software, each of the mortality in 2018-2019 in Abadan was estimated. Results: The obtained data indicated that the concentration of PM2.5 particles within the one-year period was higher than the value set by WHO guideline and EPA standard. Which caused the citizens of Abadan to be exposed to PM2.5 more than 8.23 times than the guidelines of the WHO and 5.34 times more than the standard of the EPA. The output of the model used in this study was as follows: natural mortality (462 cases, AP: 38.25%), mortality duo to LC (6 cases, AP: 32.18%), mortality duo to COPD (8 cases, AP: 26.64%), mortality duo to Stroke (86 cases, AP: 71.26%), mortality duo to IHD (183 cases, AP: 68.34%) and mortality duo to ALRI (2 cases, AP: 32.9%). Conclusion: Planning appropriate strategies of air pollution control to reduce exposure and attributable mortalities is important and necessary.

“Fuller” or “extended” working lives: a critical commentary

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Phillipson
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Older Worker ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Critical Commentary ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to, first, provide some background to the treatment of older workers; second, highlight the distinction between a “fuller” and an “extended” working life; third, note the importance of separating out different groups within the category “older worker”; finally, identify areas for action to suppose those now facing working into their 60s and beyond. Design/methodology/approach – Commentary paper analysing development of policies towards older workers. Findings – This paper identifies problems implementing policy of extending working and provides various areas of action to support older workers. Research limitations/implications – This paper suggests extending work unlikely to be achieved without ensuring greater security for older workers. Practical implications – Importance of developing more support for older workers. Social implications – Challenge of resolving insecurity in the labour force as an impediment to extended working. Originality/value – This paper outlines a critical assessment of current government policy towards older workers.

Work Centrality of Different Age Groups and the Wish to Discontinue Work

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilha Mannheim ◽  
Josef Rein
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Disengagement Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Job Rewards

This study explores the relationships between work centrality, age and the wish to stop working in a sample of 755 males in Israel, classified into five occupational categories. Contrary to disengagement theory, no relationship was found between age and work centrality in any occupational group. Occupational situs was found to intervene in the relationship between age and the wish to stop working. Those willing to stop working have lower work centrality in all age groups, and intrinsic job rewards have a moderating effect on this relationship. The factors affecting work centrality of older workers differ from those affecting younger workers.

The empirical landscape of extended working lives

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Street
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Dependency Ratios ◽  
Part Time ◽  
And Gender

Population-level factors associated with demographic ageing and policies intended to encourage older workers to extend working lives in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Portugal, Sweden, UK and US are documented in this chapter. Data are from international sources (mainly the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the CIA Factbook, to ensure comparability) derived from government agencies in the seven countries covered in this volume. Presenting population-level data for each country gives readers a starting point for considering how each nation compares to the others analysed in the later country chapters. Data related to demographic ageing, including patterns in longevity, proportion of national populations aged 65+, and country-specific dependency ratios are presented first. These set the stage for understanding the potential gendered implications of demands for older workers to postpone retirement and extend their working lives. Additional comparative data provided in this chapter include nation-specific patterns of women's and men's labour force participation, gender pay and gender pension gaps, typical retirement ages, and a summary of older worker's recent experiences in the labour market. Patterns of unpaid care work, time use, and full-time versus part-time employment are also compared to provide a foundation against which readers can assess the prospects for older workers in general, and the particular disadvantages faced by older women in particular, when governments demand that individuals postpone retirement and work longer.

Productivity in older versus younger workers: A systematic literature review

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-618
Author(s):  
C.A. Viviani ◽  
G. Bravo ◽  
M. Lavallière ◽  
P.M. Arezes ◽  
M. Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Younger Workers ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Ageing Phenomenon

BACKGROUND: Worldwide ageing and thus, workforce ageing, is a concern for both developed and developing nations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current research was to determine, through a systematic literature review, the effects of age in three dimensions that are often used to define or assess productivity at work. METHODS: PICO framework was used to generate search strategies, inclusion criteria and terms. Scopus and PubMed databases were used. Peer-reviewed journal papers written in English and published (or in press) between January 2014 and December 2018 were included. RESULTS: After filtering through inclusion criteria, 74 papers were included in the review. Considering productivity, 41%of the findings showed no differences between younger and older workers, 31%report better productivity of younger workers and 28%reported that older workers had better productivity than younger workers. Performance was better in older workers (58%), presenteeism generally showed no significant differences between age groups (61%). Absenteeism was the only outcome where younger workers outperformed older workers (43%). CONCLUSION: Overall, there was no difference in productivity between older and younger workers. Older workers performed better than younger workers, but had more absenteeism, while presenteeism showed no differences. As ageing has come to workplaces, holistic approaches addressing total health are suggested to overcome the worldwide workforce ageing phenomenon.

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