DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL MARINE POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION FOR THE U.S.S.R. IN 1987–1988

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
Oleg N. Khalimonov ◽  
Sergey M. Nunuparov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Far East ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Contingency Plans

ABSTRACT An important event setting the course of further development for the National Marine Pollution Control Administration (NMPCA) was the establishment in January 1988 of the U.S.S.R. State Committee for Nature Protection (Goskompriroda) aimed at improving nature protection management and the control of natural resources. It is along these lines that measures to improve the preparedness of the NMPCA response teams to combat an oil spill at sea have to be intensified. Thus in addition to the existing response teams in the ports of Batumi, Ventspils, Klaipeda, Murmansk, Novorossisk, Nakhodka, Baku, and Odessa, a response team was established in Korsakov in the Far East Basin. There are also plans to establish one or two response teams in the northern regions as well as smaller auxiliary response teams in areas of high pollution risk. During the past two years, the environmental fleet of the U.S.S.R. has acquired eight multipurpose vessels with oil skimming capability, and two large dredge/skimmers—the Professor Goryunov and the Vaidagubsky. In 1989-90 additional seagoing environmental vessels will be constructed. State-of-the-art oil skimming systems have been acquired for all response teams. These steps have made it possible to create the material facilities and technological capability necessary for maintaining initial response readiness to combat major oil spills and to further improve the organization and methods of oil pollution control. As a new possibility for the future, plans are being considered to delegate to NMPCA certain rescue operations at sea. This would expand its role in oil spill response by improving technical capabilities and personnel training. A design is being considered for a sea-going salvage vessel which would also have the capability for rapid delivery and deployment of containment booms as well as the transfer of personnel and special equipment. Work is in progress to develop auxiliary equipment including coastal booms and shipboard portable oil skimmers. Work has been initiated to develop a baseline program to support contingency plans for hazardous chemical substances response (through identification of cargoes, traffic patterns, and risk zones, etc.). Considerable efforts are in progress to improve existing and develop new basin, zone, and regional contingency plans which would provide

scholarly journals Challenges Facing Myanmar in Developing a National Contingency Plan for Marine Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Ko Naing ◽  
Khant Thu ◽  
Dave Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Trained Personnel ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Response Policy

ABSTRACT Myanmar became signatory to the OPRC 1990 in December 2016 and hence requires applicable vessels, ports and offshore facility operators to develop and maintain oil spill contingency plans coordinated with the National Contingency Plan. At about the same time, a super tanker terminal was constructed at Kyaukpyu deep-seaport on the west coast of Myanmar. This project made Myanmar an oil receiver country thus raising the risk of significant oil pollution incidents. To mitigate the risk, Myanmar developed its National Contingency Plan for Marine Pollution (NCP) in order to establish a coordinated oil spill preparedness and response policy and to align with the Regional Oil Spill Contingency Plan (ROSCP) developed under the ASEAN MOU for Joint Oil Spill Preparedness and Response (ASEAN, 2014). Even with the NCP, Myanmar is still encountering a number of challenges to be fully prepared for severe and disastrous pollution incidents. Chief among these is the establishment of a proper spill response capability including trained personnel and a stockpile of appropriate response equipment. Many options are being considered: government funding; establishing a mutual aid program led by industry; contract bases; or some combination of these. This paper looks at the actions Myanmar is taking to develop a state of the art NCP that is appropriate for Myanmar and the Region. The paper also discusses some of the key challenges Myanmar is facing, including transboundary issues and the solutions being considered and/or adopted to address such challenges.

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT COORDINATION IN BERMUDA: A SUCCESSFUL MODEL

1983 ◽  
Vol 1983 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Sleeter ◽  
Anthony H. Knap ◽  
I. Walwyn Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Environmental Sensitivity ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Sensitivity Maps

ABSTRACT A complete oil spill contingency plan has been developed together with environmental sensitivity maps, a damage risk assessment, and a scientific support coordination plan. The contingency plan details the notification and mobilization of key personnel and equipment during the initial phases of a marine pollution incident. It sets out a pre-planned course of action and, depending on the magnitude of the incident, calls for the orderly involvement of communication networks and various governmental agencies including marine police, marine ports, fisheries, the police, fire department and the regiment, all of which are coordinated by the on-scene coordinator and his command team. Environmental sensitivity maps have been developed to streamline decision making by the command team by identifying priority areas that require maximum effort for protection, cleanup, and conservation. The system ranks 15 coastal environments on a sensitivity scale of 1 to 10 with respect to the expected persistence of hazardous material spills (such as oil) along the coastline. The index is based on the geomorphology of the area, coastal processes, and the amount of physical energy to which the coastline is subjected. The maps also identify pertinent political and socioeconomic resources and areas of ecological significance. Water depths, current velocities, and distances across inlets are indicated for deployment of containment booms. In addition, under a Scientific Support Response Plan all scientific activity during the pollution incident is coordinated and documented. The plan sets up the orderly flow of scientific information to the command team and coordinates an organized sampling protocol including documentation and proper “chain of custody” of environmental samples. This system, coupled with an analytical detection unit, has resulted in convictions for more than 22 minor oil pollution incidents in Bermuda.

ACCIDENTAL MARINE OIL POLLUTION: FRENCH POLICY AND RESPONSE

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Alain Beraud ◽  
Jean-Claude Sainlos
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
State Authority ◽  
Technical Measures

ABSTRACT To avoid large-scale marine oil pollution, France took certain legal and technical measures to protect its coastline and to implement an organization specifically to respond to oil slicks. These measures emphasize the prevention of accidents. They entail, on one hand, a legal basis integrated with international maritime regulations, and, on the other, methods for surveillance of navigation and for intervention. The organization for marine pollution control distinguishes pollution at sea from pollution on land and allocates responsibilities accordingly. On the local level, unity of action is based on the competences of the two authorities who have state authority for civilian action, at sea for one, and on land for the other (the “Préfet Maritime” at sea and the “Commissaire de la République du Département” on land).

Unannounced Drill Program: Testing Spill Management Team Capability through Vessel & Facility Oil Spill Contingency Plans

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017425
Author(s):  
Cassidee Shinn ◽  
Joe Stewart ◽  
Yvonne Addassi
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Program Testing ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
Contingency Plans

California has approximately >10,000 vessels calling its ports each year, and 200–300 facilities state wide, many of which are required to have a California Oil Spill Contingency Plan (Contingency Plan) on file with Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR). Spill Management Teams (SMT), either staffed by Contingency Plan holders' employees or contracted out, and the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) structure must be described in these plans. OSPR introduced an unannounced SMT drill program (Program) in 2012 to ensure that Contingency Plan holders can successfully complete the proper initial notifications, activate their SMT, and use ICS in accordance with their approved Contingency Plan and California Code 820.01, Drills and Exercises. There are multiple goals of this Program, including the enhanced capability of SMTs, OSPR, and other partners. This Program provides continued education and training for Contingency Plan holders and SMTs in an effort to bolster the initial response phase of an actual incident. Through these drills, SMTs must demonstrate that they could make proper notifications and decisions during an actual incident and be staffed with trained personnel in ICS to fill positions before State and Federal representatives respond. Additionally, SMTs should deploy resources listed in their approved Contingency Plans and ensure those resources are up to date, available, and sufficient. Furthermore, drills provide an opportunity for OSPR and SMTs to build relationships through testing these procedures, which should make the initial response more efficient and effective. Lastly, the drills are often conducted with representatives from United States Coast Guard and Environmental Protection Agency, both of which have their own drill programs. Working in conjunction with federal partners ensures continuity and fewer required drills of SMTs. Since the beginning of the Program, SMTs continue to improve their response capabilities, validated by more successfully completed unannounced drills. OSPR has conducted 30 unannounced drills, all of which were on SMTs for marine facilities and vessels. With the expanded authority of OSPR to regulate facilities statewide in 2015, this Program will continue to grow. Ultimately, a more comprehensive Program should lead to enhanced SMT capability statewide, and therefore better protection of the State's natural resources overall. The goal of this poster will be to describe: 1) the history and purpose of this Program; 2) the lessons learned and improvements of SMTs and Contingency Plans; and 3) the expansion of the Program from marine to statewide.

PREVENTION AND ABATEMENT OF MARINE POLLUTION IN TUNISIAN COMMERCIAL PORTS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1449-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Hazelton ◽  
Robert M. Sargent ◽  
Erich R. Gundlach ◽  
Mohamed Anis Boussetta ◽  
Ahmed Ben Djebara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Merchant Marine ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Private And Public

ABSTRACT In addition to having ports that ship and receive oil and other commercial products by sea, the Republic of Tunisia is exposed to potential spills from vessels that are routed close to shore as they transit the Mediterranean. This paper summarizes a study that was conducted to evaluate Tunisia's commercial ports' oil spill contingency plans, response equipment, and response management systems, for the purposes of increasing the spill response capability of the Tunisian Office of the Merchant Marine and Ports (OMMP) and bringing each plan up to criteria established by Tunisia's 1996 oil spill legislation and international standards. The four ports evaluated were Bizerte, Tunis-Goulette-Radès (TGR), Sfax, and Zarzis. Interviews and discussions were conducted with representatives of the OMMP, the Agency for Environmental Protection (ANPE), the Tunisian Petroleum Activities Enterprise (ETAP), the Tunisian Navy and Merchant Marine, the Directorate General of Energy, the state-owned oil transportation company (TRAPSA), and selected private sector oil companies. The equipment review entailed analysis of existing equipment in each port, potential spill size and location, time to respond, and environmentally sensitive areas needing protection. Specific recommendations were made for improving the readiness posture of Tunisia's commercial ports and for the purchase of additional spill-response equipment and services. Implementation of these recommendations will result in a significantly improved capability on the part of the private and public sector users of Tunisia's commercial ports to respond effectively to marine oil spills, should one occur. This paper highlights the readiness capability of each port and the extent of oil transportation activities, and provides recommendations to improve response via equipment purchases, improvement of the existing response management system, implementation of a training and exercise program, and changes to the port contingency plans.

Appropriate Technology for Oil Spill Management in Developing Nations

1999 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Wayment ◽  
B. Wagstaff
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Considerable Impact

It has been estimated that some 6 million tonnes of crude oil is routinely transported by tankship around the world's oceans on a daily basis. Despite the introduction of stringent operating and safety regimes there remains the possibility of an incident occurring that could threaten the waters and shorelines of countries that are in the vicinity of these routes. Shipboard and international contingency plans assume a level of preparedness which may be limited in some of the countries that lay along these shipping lanes.Although the probability of significant oil pollution incidents occurring whilst the vessel is on the high seas is m minimal, they have occurred, some with considerable impact on the areas concerned. Whilst the majority of countries have some form of mutual aid and agreements in place and a number have access to equipment stockpiles, there are still a significant number of areas where there is heavy reliance on local resources. This paper addresses ways in which countries with limited resources can best be prepared for an oil spill and some of the challenges, which this entails.

Oil spill modeling for the Port of Taranto (SE Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Liubartseva ◽  
Ivan Federico ◽  
Giovanni Coppini ◽  
Rita Lecci
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Forecasting System

<p>The Taranto Sea is a Mediterranean lagoon where alarming pressure is expected to further increase, due to industrialization, heavy ship traffic, and densely populated coasts. The area hosts the Trading Port, Industrial Port, and Container Terminal. There is an important refinery, owned by ENI's Refining&Marketing, with a potential of 6 million tons per year (Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mar Ionio – Porto di Taranto, 2017). A buoyed area in the Mar Grande is used by tankers of up to 300,000 GRT carrying petroleum for the refinery. Being at risk of oil pollution, the Taranto Sea became a pilot site for the development of a universal relocatable platform aimed at the real time management of marine pollution events in the harbors and ports in the framework of the IMPRESSIVE Project.</p><p>According to a Project paradigm, marine pollution forecasting system in harbors includes (1) EO observation technologies (satellite, ASV, UAV); (2) high-resolution hydrodynamic models based on downscaling of CMEMS products, and (3) pollution transport models.</p><p>To implement the system components for the Taranto Sea the Lagrangian oil spill model MEDSIK-II has been coupled to Southern Adriatic Northern Ionian coastal Forecasting System (SANIFS http://sanifs.cmcc.itFederico et al., 2017) and ECMWF atmospheric forecast. To this end, the SANIFS output discretized on the unstructured horizontal grid at a variable resolution of 3–4 km for the open sea and of 50–500 m for the coastal area is interpolated to a regular grid with a resolution of 150 m. For the first time, MEDSLIK-II can use currents and sea surface temperature of such the resolution, which is almost 15 times less than previously exploited horizontal resolution for the Pilot sites in the framework of coupling to the Adriatic Forecasting System (AFS) (Guarnieri et al., 2010).</p><p>The new coupling is planned to run the MEDSLIK-II simulations in stochastic mode in order to evaluate the environmental consequences of possible accidents and malfunctions in the ENI petroleum transport system.</p><p>This work is performed in the framework of the IMPRESSIVE project (#821922) co-funded by the European Commission under the H2020 Programme.</p><p>References:</p><p>Autorità di Sistema Portuale del Mar Ionio – Porto di Taranto, 2017. Three-year operational plan 2017–2019 and Port vision 2030 of the Port of Taranto. http://www.port.taranto.it/index.php/en/</p><p>Federico, I., Pinardi, N., Coppini, G., Oddo, P., Lecci, R., Mossa, M. 2017. Coastal ocean forecasting with an unstructured grid model in the southern Adriatic and northern Ionian seas. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 45–59, doi: 10.5194/nhess-17-45-2017.</p><p>Guarnieri, A., Oddo, P., Pastore, M., Pinardi, N., 2010. The Adriatic Basin Forecasting System new model and system development. Coastal to Global Operational Oceanography: Achievements and Challenges, pp. 184–190.</p>

RESEARCH ON MARINE POLLUTION, PREVENTION, AND RESPONSE IN SHENZHEN, CHINA1

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 729-732
Author(s):  
Pu Baokang ◽  
Zhang Xiuzhi ◽  
Qiao Bing
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Facilities Management ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Shenzhen is situated near Hong Kong. About ten years ago, two harbors, Shekou and Yantian, located in the west and east of Shenzhen respectively, were under construction. Harbors and facilities have been planned by industries, while environmental concerns have been more or less neglected. A “Report of Research on the Feasibility of a Marine Pollution Prevention System for Seaports in Shenzhen” was discussed in May 1993 in Shenzhen. This paper describes the main elements of that program, including an oil spill monitoring and control system, contingency planning for oil spill response, and cooperation among industries and government in dealing with marine pollution. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how concern for the environment should be established from the beginning in constructing a seaport. Finally, the end of this paper presents lessons learned, concerning the financial support of oil pollution response facilities, management problems and their countermeasures, implementation of international conventions on marine pollution prevention, and the importance of port state control. These lessons may be helpful for developing countries in planning their seaports to achieve better environmental protection.

Oil Spill Response Training and Exercises in Norway: Are We Prepared?1

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Marius Ly
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Response Training ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Control Authority ◽  
Governmental Funding

ABSTRACT The Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (SFT) is responsible for coordinating a national contingency system against oil pollution in Norway. As part of this responsibility, SFT has conducted training and exercises for the private, municipal, and governmental contingency organizations for more than 20 years. This paper presents the current oil spill response preparedness in Norway and outlines different training and exercise programs adapted to the various levels of responsibility and the geographical areas of response. Furthermore, some of the issues and challenges faced by the reduction of governmental funding for training and exercises are discussed.

The best way to the protection of the marine environment from oil spills impacts is the strengthening of available oil spill liability and compensation regimes or the funding of oil spill preparedness and strengthening of oil spill combat capabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2017108
Author(s):  
A J M Gunasekara
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Coastal And Marine Environment

The total volume of oil spilled and the number of spills has declined significantly over the past forty years. However, oil spills are no longer considered as an unavoidable. The ship source oil pollution still remains a potentially important risk to the local economies and the marine environment which can cause major economic loss and severe damages to the coastal and marine environment. The international regulatory framework to deal with liability and compensation in the event of ship source oil pollution has evolved over the past three decades. The available international legal regime for oil pollution liability and compensation is playing a great role in governing a discharge of oil into the sea by ensuring liability for polluters and compensation for victims of pollution. Despite the fact that the total cost of the oil spill cannot be compensated through the available international civil liability regime and entire damages caused to the marine environment cannot be compensated or recovered. This paper examined the application and limitations of available liability and compensation mechanism for the protection marine pollution and compare the benefit of the establishment of a funding mechanism for the strengthening of the level of oil spill preparedness and the civil liability regime for the protection of the coastal and marine environment. In addition, this paper reviews the funding mechanism adopted by the countries to the strengthening the level of oil spill preparedness taken into account the polluter pays principle without a putting extra burden for the general taxpayers. The establishment of a system for the funding of oil spill preparedness using the polluter pay principle has immensely helped to improve the oil spill response capabilities and protection of the marine environment of coastal states which adopted a unique funding mechanism by applying the polluter pay principle. This paper recommends the among other thing review the available compensation and liability regime for the protection of the marine environment and recommend to adopt and apply a uniform funding mechanism for the strengthening of the level of oil spill preparedness taken into account the polluter pay principle for the protection of the marine environment and improve the status quo.

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