Technology of Oil Spill Treatment and Accelerated Rehabilitation of Swampy Soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Alexander Kurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Accelerated Rehabilitation ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Oil Concentration

ABSTRACT As a result of Vosei-Golovnye pipeline break and consequental oil spill (Russia, Komi Republic) in 1994 about 80 hectares of the earth surface were contaminated, major part of which represents swampy soil. In the period of oil spill liquidation works, an original technology of swampy soil treatment and recovery was designed. The technology process of oil spill treatment and swampy soil rehabilitation includes 5 stages. 1st stage: oil spill containment by creating dikes of earth. 2nd stage: removal of gross oil concentrations on treated sections with the assistance of specially constructed drags. After the second stage residual oil concentration are not less than 250,000 mg/kg of peat cover. 3d stage: residual oil concentrations are hosed off by high pressure water. After the treatment is completed the oil concentration is reduced to 50,000–60,000 mg/kg of peat cover. 4th stage: cutting out 3 to 5 cm of peat cover polluted by oil and oil slime recovery on sections under cleaning. The oil concentration is reduced until the parameters which make possible normal vegetation of plants. 5th stage: biological recultivation during of which the recultivated sections are sowed with plants typical for this swampy region.

Frequency of genes in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon biodegradation pathways within bacterial populations from Alaskan sediments

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 981-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Sotsky ◽  
C. W. Greer ◽  
R. M. Atlas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Alkb Genes

A significant proportion of the naturally occurring hydrocarbon-degrading populations within Alaskan sediments affected by the Exxon Valdez oil spill had both the xylE and alkB genes and could convert hexadecane and naphthalene to carbon dioxide; a greater proportion of the population had xylE than had alkB, reflecting the composition of the residual oil at the time of sampling; nearly equal populations with xylE alone, alkB alone, and xylE + alkB genes together were found after exposure to fresh crude oil; populations with xylE lacking alkB increased after enrichment on naphthalene. Thus, the genotypes of hydrocarbon-degrading populations reflected the composition of the hydrocarbons to which they were exposed.Key words: hydrocarbon biodegradation, aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation, aliphatic hydrocarbon biodegradation, alkB, xylE.

Oil Spill Simulations and Susceptibility in Coastal and Estuarine Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Barbosa Monteiro ◽  
Phelype Haron Oleinik ◽  
Bruno Vasconcellos Lopes ◽  
Thalita Fagundes Leal ◽  
Osmar Olinto Möller Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Estuarine Region ◽  
Modelling System ◽  
Oil Particles

A modelling system was utilised to simulate the movement and behaviour of oil slicks for two types of hydrocarbons, a diesel and another residual, considering hydrodynamic variations. Susceptible areas to oil touching were found in adjacent regions of two vessel manoeuvring zones, in two types of zones, one in a marine coastal and another in an estuarine environment. The evaporation rates were calculated for an estimate of the mass losses. For the maritime zone, the oil particles reached the vicinity of the beaches in approximately 4 to 8 hours after the beginning of the spill simulations, while for the estuary in approximately 1 hour. For the scenarios with diesel oil, mass losses oscillated between 13 to 16% in the estuarine region, and between 23 and 29% in the marine coastal zones. The evaporation rates for scenarios with residual oil, between 2 and 5%, were considerably lower than for diesel (15 and 22%), especially for spills simulated in the estuarine region, where the oil particles reached the lagoon banks after 1 hour. Mass losses by evaporation were more intense in marine coastal areas than for oil spills simulated in estuarine regions, possibly due to the more intense hydrodynamic conditions and the longer time that the oil needs to reach the coast. The fluctuations of observed environmental conditions justify the need for a robust number of simulations for reducing the uncertainties related to the oceanographic and meteorological variability that affect oil spill movement.

“A Life Worthy of Being Called Human”

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-332
Author(s):  
Catherine Larrère ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmental Ethic ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Ecological Transition

“Act so that the effects of your action are compatible with the permanence of genuine human life on Earth.” How can we understand Jonas’ “maxim”? Is it too anthropocentric to be of any interest for an environmental ethic? Is is too limited to survival to have a moral signification in a truly human ethic? One can argue first that it is not so much anti-Kantian than that it challenges the current prevailing “presentism” and obliges us to take into consideration not only future generations, but also the context in which one anticipates these future generations to be living. Therefore, we can distinguish two different interpretations of Jonas’ maxim: in a first stage, that of sustainable development, it was understood as taking into consideration not only the needs but also the rights of future generations; in a second stage, that of an Anthropocene and ecological transition, it means that making sense of humanity implies connecting human beings to the Earth and other living beings far from opposing them.

SHORELINE CLEANUP BY ACCELERATION OF CLAY-OIL FLOCCULATION PROCESSES

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Tim Lunel ◽  
Peter Wood ◽  
Richard Swannell ◽  
Patricia Stoffyn-Egli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
High Water ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
High Water Mark

ABSTRACT During the cleanup operations following the Sea Empress oil spill, it was observed that the oil emulsion did not adhere strongly to the shoreline and that fine mineral particles present in the surf waters interacted with oil to form clay-oil floes. In an attempt to enhance clay-oil flocculation, Amroth beach was subjected to repeated “surf washing”: the oiled cobbles from the high water mark were moved down to the intertidal zone using an excavator at low tide. After 4 days of treatment, most of the oil emulsion was removed from the cobbles. We estimate that the majority of the oil was removed as clay-oil flocs and that the remainder was released from the cobbles as a broken surface slick. Microscopic and chemical analysis of samples of flocs and oiled sediments showed that energy imparted to the surf zone resulted in clay-oil flocculation, which increased biodegradation rates of the residual oil. Surf washing increased the availability of fine mineral particles, which (1) minimized the contact of oil directly with the substrate, thereby reducing the adhesion of oil to the shoreline, and (2) prevented the recoalescence of oil droplets, thereby promoting the dispersion of oil within the surf zone.

A general methodology for beached oil spill hazard mapping and its application to the Atlantic basin coasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Pinardi ◽  
Augusto Sepp-Neves ◽  
Francesco Trotta ◽  
Antonio Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tail Probability ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Ensemble Simulations ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Two Parameter

<p>The current lack of a standardized approach to compute the coastal oil spill hazard due to maritime traffic accidental releases has hindered an accurate estimate of its global impact, which is paramount to manage and intercompare the associated risks. We propose here a hazard estimation approach that is based on ensemble simulations and the extraction of the relevant frequency distributions. We demonstrate that both open ocean and beached oil concentration distributions fit a Weibull curve, a two-parameter fat-tail probability distribution function. The simulation experiments are carried out in all the coastal areas of the Atlantic ocean basin. An indicator that quantify the coastal oil spill hazard is proposed and applied to the study areas.</p>

CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSSEL BEDS WITH RESIDUAL OIL AND THE RISK TO FORAGING WILDLIFE 4 YEARS AFTER THE EXXON VALDEZ OIL SPILL

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Boehm ◽  
Paul J. Mankiewicz ◽  
Rolf Hartung ◽  
Jerry M. Neff ◽  
David S. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Exxon Valdez ◽  
Mussel Beds ◽  
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

scholarly journals The Application of the Model of High-Speed Pixel Clustering in Problems of Preprocessing of the Images of the Remote Sensing of the Earth

2020 ◽  
pp. paper41-1-paper41-13
Author(s):  
Igor Khanykov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Third Stage

The purpose of the research is to use the modified Ward’s method in high-speed processing of full-HD images of the remote sensing of the Earth. The classical Ward’s method is modified by dividing the computational process into three successive stages. The first stage quickly builds a coarse hierarchy of approximations. The second stage performs a quality improvement of the specified partition for a fixed number of colors (clusters). The third stage is the clustering of the superpixels using the Ward’s method. The software-algorithmic toolkit consists of four operations on clusters of pixels and image segments: merge operation joins together two clusters; divide operation reversibly disjoins the selected cluster into two; split operation extracts the part of the cluster into individual cluster; correct operation reclassifies pixels by extracting from one cluster and inserting into another cluster. The quality is assessed by the total squared error. The quality improvement is provided by iterative execution of a combination of merge and divide operations of pixel clusters, in particular image segments. One of the clusters (segments) is divided in two and a pair of other mismatched with it is combined into one according to the criterion of the minimum increment of the total squared error. The proposed modified Ward’s method is appropriate in processing of fullHD images of the remote sensing of the Earth. The results of processing in pure segmentation and clustering modes are compared. The proposed pixel clustering model is appropriate in high-speed processing of the fullHD images. The pixel clustering in comparison with image segmentation allows to define in more detail both the contours of objects of interest and their internal structure

scholarly journals Feldspar-banana peel composite adsorbent for efficient crude oil removal from solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasegun A. Dawodu ◽  
Chika J. Abonyi ◽  
Kovo G. Akpomie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe problem of oil spill pollution associated with the transport of crude oil and its products across the globe is of serious concern. The sorption technique has proved to be promising for oil spill treatment but is limited by the hydrophilic nature of most natural organic sorbents. The combo of natural organic and inorganic sorbents have been found to enhance the hydrophobicity for oil sorption. Therefore this study was aimed at the preparation of a novel feldspar-banana peel biochar composite (FBPC) with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil. The prepared sorbent was characterised by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, while the crude oil was characterised using standard methods. Batch sorption was used to determine the effect of contact time (30–150 min), temperature (25–100 °C), pH (2.0–10.0), oil concentration (4.0–12.0 g/L) and sorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g) on sorption. SEM analysis of FBPC revealed a porous structure, while XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of feldspar. The crude oil samples had pH (6.40–6.60), density (0.960 0 0.962 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (24.0–27.6 cSt) and API gravity (24.25–24.51°). The Langmuir model with R2 > 0.7781 presented the best fit than the Temkin and Freundlich model in the isotherm analysis, while the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.9711 was applicable in the kinetics of sorption. The thermodynamic analysis revealed a decrease in randomness at the crude oil-FBPC interface. The prepared FBPC was found to be an efficient inorganic–organic composite sorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil.

scholarly journals Morphing and Sampling Network for Dense Point Cloud Completion

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 11596-11603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Liu ◽  
Lu Sheng ◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
Jing Shao ◽  
Shi-Min Hu
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Dense Point ◽  
Chamfer Distance ◽  
Structural Loss ◽  
Two Stages

3D point cloud completion, the task of inferring the complete geometric shape from a partial point cloud, has been attracting attention in the community. For acquiring high-fidelity dense point clouds and avoiding uneven distribution, blurred details, or structural loss of existing methods' results, we propose a novel approach to complete the partial point cloud in two stages. Specifically, in the first stage, the approach predicts a complete but coarse-grained point cloud with a collection of parametric surface elements. Then, in the second stage, it merges the coarse-grained prediction with the input point cloud by a novel sampling algorithm. Our method utilizes a joint loss function to guide the distribution of the points. Extensive experiments verify the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate that it outperforms the existing methods in both the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) and the Chamfer Distance (CD).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document