A general methodology for beached oil spill hazard mapping and its application to the Atlantic basin coasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Pinardi ◽  
Augusto Sepp-Neves ◽  
Francesco Trotta ◽  
Antonio Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Tail Probability ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Ensemble Simulations ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Two Parameter

<p>The current lack of a standardized approach to compute the coastal oil spill hazard due to maritime traffic accidental releases has hindered an accurate estimate of its global impact, which is paramount to manage and intercompare the associated risks. We propose here a hazard estimation approach that is based on ensemble simulations and the extraction of the relevant frequency distributions. We demonstrate that both open ocean and beached oil concentration distributions fit a Weibull curve, a two-parameter fat-tail probability distribution function. The simulation experiments are carried out in all the coastal areas of the Atlantic ocean basin. An indicator that quantify the coastal oil spill hazard is proposed and applied to the study areas.</p>

scholarly journals Regional parent flood frequency distributions in Europe – Part 2: Climate and scale controls

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4391-4401 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Salinas ◽  
A. Castellarin ◽  
S. Kohnová ◽  
T. R. Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Coefficient Of Skewness ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Parameter Distributions ◽  
Annual Maximum Series

Abstract. This study aims to better understand the effect of catchment scale and climate on the statistical properties of regional flood frequency distributions. A database of L-moment ratios of annual maximum series (AMS) of peak discharges from Austria, Italy and Slovakia, involving a total of 813 catchments with more than 25 yr of record length is presented, together with mean annual precipitation (MAP) and basin area as catchment descriptors surrogates of climate and scale controls. A purely data-based investigation performed on the database shows that the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution provides a better representation of the averaged sample L-moment ratios compared to the other distributions considered, for catchments with medium to higher values of MAP independently of catchment area, while the three-parameter lognormal distribution is probably a more appropriate choice for drier (lower MAP) intermediate-sized catchments, which presented higher skewness values. Sample L-moment ratios do not follow systematically any of the theoretical two-parameter distributions. In particular, the averaged values of L-coefficient of skewness (L-Cs) are always larger than Gumbel's fixed L-Cs. The results presented in this paper contribute to the progress in defining a set of "process-driven" pan-European flood frequency distributions and to assess possible effects of environmental change on its properties.

scholarly journals Effects of chemical dispersants on oil spill drift paths in the German Bight—probabilistic assessment based on numerical ensemble simulations

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Schwichtenberg ◽  
Ulrich Callies ◽  
Nikolaus Groll ◽  
Silvia Maßmann
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
German Bight ◽  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Ensemble Simulations

scholarly journals Feldspar-banana peel composite adsorbent for efficient crude oil removal from solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Folasegun A. Dawodu ◽  
Chika J. Abonyi ◽  
Kovo G. Akpomie
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe problem of oil spill pollution associated with the transport of crude oil and its products across the globe is of serious concern. The sorption technique has proved to be promising for oil spill treatment but is limited by the hydrophilic nature of most natural organic sorbents. The combo of natural organic and inorganic sorbents have been found to enhance the hydrophobicity for oil sorption. Therefore this study was aimed at the preparation of a novel feldspar-banana peel biochar composite (FBPC) with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil. The prepared sorbent was characterised by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, while the crude oil was characterised using standard methods. Batch sorption was used to determine the effect of contact time (30–150 min), temperature (25–100 °C), pH (2.0–10.0), oil concentration (4.0–12.0 g/L) and sorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g) on sorption. SEM analysis of FBPC revealed a porous structure, while XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of feldspar. The crude oil samples had pH (6.40–6.60), density (0.960 0 0.962 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (24.0–27.6 cSt) and API gravity (24.25–24.51°). The Langmuir model with R2 > 0.7781 presented the best fit than the Temkin and Freundlich model in the isotherm analysis, while the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.9711 was applicable in the kinetics of sorption. The thermodynamic analysis revealed a decrease in randomness at the crude oil-FBPC interface. The prepared FBPC was found to be an efficient inorganic–organic composite sorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil.

OIL SPILL TREATMENT STRATEGY MODELING FOR GEORGES BANK

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
Peter C. Cornillon ◽  
Malcolm L. Spaulding ◽  
Kurt Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Oil Dispersant ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Spill Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT As part of a larger project assessing the environmental impact of treated versus untreated oil spills, a fates model has been developed which tracks both the surface and subsurface oil. The approach used to spread, drift, and evaporate the surface slick is similar to that in most other oil spill models. The subsurface technique, however, makes use of a modified particle-in-cell method which diffuses and advects individual oil/dispersant droplets representative of a large number of similar droplets. This scheme predicts the time-dependent oil concentration distribution in the water column, which can then be employed as input to a fisheries population model. In addition to determining the fate of the untreated spill, the model also allows for chemical treatment and/or mechanical cleanup of the spilled oil. With this capability, the effectiveness of different oil spill control and removal strategies can be quantified. The model has been applied to simulate a 34,840 metric ton spill of a No. 2-type oil on Georges Bank. The concentration of oil in the water column and the surface slick trajectory are predicted as a function of time for chemically treated and untreated spills occurring in April and December. In each case, the impact on the cod fishery was determined and is described in detail in a paper by Reed and Spaulding presented at this conference.

Technology of Oil Spill Treatment and Accelerated Rehabilitation of Swampy Soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Alexander Kurchenko
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Accelerated Rehabilitation ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Oil Concentration

ABSTRACT As a result of Vosei-Golovnye pipeline break and consequental oil spill (Russia, Komi Republic) in 1994 about 80 hectares of the earth surface were contaminated, major part of which represents swampy soil. In the period of oil spill liquidation works, an original technology of swampy soil treatment and recovery was designed. The technology process of oil spill treatment and swampy soil rehabilitation includes 5 stages. 1st stage: oil spill containment by creating dikes of earth. 2nd stage: removal of gross oil concentrations on treated sections with the assistance of specially constructed drags. After the second stage residual oil concentration are not less than 250,000 mg/kg of peat cover. 3d stage: residual oil concentrations are hosed off by high pressure water. After the treatment is completed the oil concentration is reduced to 50,000–60,000 mg/kg of peat cover. 4th stage: cutting out 3 to 5 cm of peat cover polluted by oil and oil slime recovery on sections under cleaning. The oil concentration is reduced until the parameters which make possible normal vegetation of plants. 5th stage: biological recultivation during of which the recultivated sections are sowed with plants typical for this swampy region.

Changes in the active layer of a subarctic right-of-way as a result of a crude-oil spill

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1539-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Seburn ◽  
G. Peter Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
First Year ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Thaw Depth ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

The active layer of three distinct environments (undisturbed forest, moderately disturbed right-of-way, and severely disturbed trench) was examined during each of the 3 years following an experimental crude-oil spill in a black spruce forest in the Northwest Territories. The first year after the spill, the active layer in the oiled forest increased by >150%, in the oiled right-of-way by >80%, and in the oiled trench it did not change. By the third year, the active layers in all oiled environments were significantly deeper than their unoiled counterparts, and the active layer in the oiled trench was significantly deeper than that in the oiled forest. When compared with other studies for a crude-oil spill in a subarctic forested environment, this oil spill caused the greatest increase in thaw depths. This dramatic and persistent increase in thaw depth was likely a function of the high oil concentration, especially in areas where oil had pooled on the ground.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL RECOVERY OF INTERTIDAL AND SHALLOW SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS IMPACTED BY THE ARCO ANCHORAGE OIL SPILL, EDIZ HOOK, WASHINGTON

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sediment Chemistry ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The December 21, 1985 Arco Anchorage crude oil spill affected approximately 7,000 feet of the sheltered, south-facing shore of Ediz Hook, Washington. Some of the stranded crude oil penetrated sand and gravel sediments in the intertidal zone. An aggressive beach agitation program was implemented between February and April 1986 to remove most of the oil trapped within the intertidal sediments. Post-cleanup monitoring activities between August 1986 and January 1988 determined the crude oil content of intertidal and shallow subtidal sediments at five elevations along thirteen sampling transects. Sediment samples were also obtained for laboratory grain-size testing at five of these transects. Post-cleanup monitoring of sediment chemistry indicated a consistent trend of decreasing crude oil content of the intertidal sediments between March/April 1986 (mean oil concentration 670 ppm) and July 1987 (mean oil concentration 110 ppm). A similar pattern was observed for the shallow subtidal sediments, where the mean crude oil concentration decreased from 460 ppm in August 1986 to 110 ppm in July 1987. The mean oil content of these sediments increased somewhat after July 1987, indicating probable hydrocarbon inputs from other sources. Chromatograms of the hydrocarbons in the sediments after July 1987 were dissimilar to chromatograms for the unweathered oil from the Arco Anchorage. The grain-size distribution of the sediments changed relatively little during the post-cleanup monitoring period, reflecting the relatively sheltered nature of the study area. However, the minor changes observed in sediment grain size suggest that gradual redistribution of intertidal and subtidal sediment occurred along the south shore of Ediz Hook during the monitoring program.

scholarly journals A General Methodology for Beached Oil Spill Hazard Mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio A. Sepp Neves ◽  
Nadia Pinardi ◽  
Antonio Navarra ◽  
F. Trotta
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
General Methodology

scholarly journals Shoreline oiling effects and recovery of salt marsh macroinvertebrates from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Deis ◽  
John W. Fleeger ◽  
Stefan M. Bourgoin ◽  
Irving A. Mendelssohn ◽  
Qianxin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Fiddler Crabs ◽  
Frequency Distributions

Salt marshes in northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA were oiled, sometimes heavily, in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Previous studies indicate that fiddler crabs (in the genus Uca) and the salt marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) were negatively impacted in the short term by the spill. Here, we detail longer-term effects and recovery from moderate and heavy oiling over a 3-year span, beginning 30 months after the spill. Although neither fiddler crab burrow density nor diameter differed between oiled and reference sites when combined across all sampling events, these traits differed among some individual sampling periods consistent with a pattern of lingering oiling impacts. Periwinkle density, however, increased in all oiling categories and shell-length groups during our sampling period, and periwinkle densities were consistently highest at moderately oiled sites where Spartina alterniflora aboveground biomass was highest. Periwinkle shell length linearly increased from a mean of 16.5 to 19.2 mm over the study period at reference sites. In contrast, shell lengths at moderately oiled and heavily oiled sites increased through month 48 after the spill, but then decreased. This decrease was associated with a decline in the relative abundance of large adults (shell length 21–26 mm) at oiled sites which was likely caused by chronic hydrocarbon toxicity or oil-induced effects on habitat quality or food resources. Overall, the recovery of S. alterniflora facilitated the recovery of fiddler crabs and periwinkles. However, our long-term record not only indicates that variation in periwinkle mean shell length and length-frequency distributions are sensitive indicators of the health and recovery of the marsh, but agrees with synoptic studies of vegetation and infaunal communities that full recovery of heavily oiled sites will take longer than 66 months.

scholarly journals Determination of Oil Spill Chemical Concentrations in Nearshore Matrices

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Montas ◽  
Alesia Ferguson ◽  
Kristina Mena ◽  
Helena Solo-Gabriele ◽  
Claire B. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Weathered Oil ◽  
Individual Pahs ◽  
Concentration Patterns

ABSTRACT Marine oil spill incidents create concerns about human health risks, particularly in nearshore locations such as beaches used for recreation. To improve the timeliness of risk estimates during an oil spill, we need to expand modelling capacity for oil spill chemicals (OSCs) from predictions for chemical bulk measurements such as Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) to predictions of individual concentrations of the more toxic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)s. The objective of this study is to establish a relationship for TPH and PAH nearshore sampling concentration values with the oil mass landing and TPH hindcast from a 3D Hydrodynamic Fate and Transport Model (3D-FTM) for a past oil spill. The overall goal is to use this information to expand current modeling capacities to predict concentration distributions for individual PAHs as a starting point for health risk assessment. During Phase I of this study, historic sampling data for various matrices (weathered oil, seawater and sediments) were used to evaluate PAH concentration distributions within time-space specific categories. The categories corresponded to samples collected prior to nearshore oiling, post nearshore oiling and at no time impacted by oil as predicted by historic oil spill trajectories. For matrices within each category, concentration frequency distributions and concentration patterns were generated for a subset of PAHs. Results show differences in PAH concentration patterns within each matrix and for each category. Concentration frequency distributions for most PAHs in each category were log-normally distributed. Phase II is ongoing. Here we analyze PAH and TPH concentrations measured from surface weathered oil slick samples collected at the time of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Preliminary results show that concentrations for a subset of PAHs in weathered oil slicks correlate well with TPH concentrations (R2=0.76). We are collocating the historic environmental sampling data with the output from the Oil-Connectivity Modelling System (Oil-CMS). The relationship between measured and model predicted TPH is explored by comparing values for samples that coincide in time and space with the model's particles. A subsequent step is to use output of the oil-CMS in combination with the physical and chemical properties for each PAH to predict concentration distributions for individual PAHs. The overarching goal is to improve risk estimates and, therefore, better guide public health decision-making.

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