scholarly journals Nutritional Composition, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of a Maize-based Snack (Kokoro) Enriched with Defatted Sesame and Moringa Seed Flour

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Matthew Olusola Oluwamukomi ◽  
Olugbenga Olufemi Awolu ◽  
Korede Timothy Olapade
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Acid Index

Kokoro, a maize-based snack was made from maize flour and supplemented with Moringa seed flour (MSS) and defatted sesame flour (DSF) flours with the aim of improving its nutritional quality. An experimental design was carried out using optimal mixture model of response surface methodology which yielded 16 formulations in which three blends in terms of the best proximate composition and the control sample (100% maize) were selected. The snacks were analyzed for proximate, mineral, amino acid composition, sensory and antioxidant properties. Proximate analysis results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in protein (9.25–24.23%), fat (15.07–35.25%), ash (2.25–4.25%) content, and energy value (508.43–607.71 KJ/ g), while crude fiber (7.58–5.80%), moisture (4.58-3.64%) and carbohydrate (61.27–26.83%) content decreased with inclusion of MSF and DSF. Potassium (4.02-5.03mg/100 g) was the predominant mineral, followed by calcium (3.31-5.41mg/100 g) and potassium (1.67-3.75mg/100 g). Glutamic acid was the most abundant non–essential amino acids while leucine was the predominant essential amino acid in the enriched “kokoro”. There was an increase in the amino acid content (except for aspartic acid, arginine and histidine) of the kokoro samples as the proportions of MSF and DSF increased. The result also showed that the essential amino acid index, predicted biological value, protein efficiency ratio and nutritional index of the enriched kokoro were higher than the control sample with values ranging from 0.6108-0.8944, 54.88-85.79%, 1.63-3.49g/100g and 5.65-21.67%, respectively. The result also showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the flavonoid, phenolic content and DPPH of the kokoro as supplementation with MSF and DSF increased. The control sample compared favourably with kokoro supplemented with 6.25% and 17.5% MSF and DSF, respectively, in terms of sensory evaluation. Hence, acceptable and nutritious kokoro snacks from this blend can be formulated which could enhance the nutritional wellness of consumers.

scholarly journals Symbiotic bacteria enable insect to use a nutritionally inadequate diet

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1658) ◽  
pp. 987-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Akman Gündüz ◽  
A.E Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Symbiotic Bacterium ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Phloem Sap

Animals generally require a dietary supply of various nutrients (vitamins, essential amino acids, etc.) because their biosynthetic capabilities are limited. The capacity of aphids to use plant phloem sap, with low essential amino acid content, has been attributed to their symbiotic bacteria, Buchnera aphidicola , which can synthesize these nutrients; but this has not been demonstrated empirically. We demonstrate here that phloem sap obtained from the severed stylets of pea aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum feeding on Vicia faba plants generally provided inadequate amounts of at least one essential amino acid to support aphid growth. Complementary analyses using aphids reared on chemically defined diets with each amino acid individually omitted revealed that the capacity of the symbiotic bacterium B. aphidicola to synthesize essential amino acids exceeded the dietary deficit of all phloem amino acids except methionine. It is proposed that this shortfall of methionine was met by aphid usage of the non-protein amino acid 5-methylmethionine in the phloem sap. This study provides the first quantitative demonstration that bacterial symbiosis can meet the nutritional demand of plant-reared aphids. It shows how symbiosis with micro-organisms has enabled this group of animals to escape from the constraint of requiring a balanced dietary supply of amino acids.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition of Five Wild Edible Fruits of Assam, North-East India

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-828
Author(s):  
Anuck Islary ◽  
Jatin Sarmah ◽  
Sanjay Basumatary
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Wild Edible Fruits ◽  
Essential Amino Acid Content

In this study, amino acids profiles of 5 wild edible fruits viz. Grewia sapida, Ottelia alismoides, Aporosa dioica, Antidesma bunius and Eugenia operculata found in Assam of North-East India were investigated by RP-HPLC equipped with C18 column. A total of 17 amino acids in varying compositions were identified and 8 of these are essential amino acids and 9 of these are non-essential amino acids. In all of the 5 wild fruits, 6 different amino acids were identified and these were aspartic acid (1.151-3.837 %), glutamic acid (2.283-9.667 %), arginine (0.904-7.187 %), valine (0.142-1.029 %), leucine (1.849-19.665 %), and histidine (0.467-12.986 %). A. bunius fruit showed the highest non-essential amino acid content whereas O. alismoides fruit displayed the highest essential amino acid content. Leucine was found to be the most abundant essential amino acid whereas glutamic acid was detected to be the most abundant non-essential amino acid.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Profiles of the Flesh of the Heterosexual Pairs of Neopetrolisthes maculatus

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ilesanmi Adeyeye
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Index

This paper reports on amino acid profiles of the flesh of heterosexuals of porcellanids collected from the Atlantic Ocean at Orimedu beach in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria. Results showed that high values of amino acids were observed in the heterosexual flesh of Neopetrolisthes maculatus (g 100g-1 protein): 17.7 – 17.8 (Glu), 9.90 – 10.0 (Asp), 8.70 – 9.07 (Arg), 7.23 – 7.94 (Leu) and 5.81 – 6.06 (Gly). Total essential amino acid values ranged from 45.2 – 46.2 g 100-1g. Predicted protein efficiency ratio was 3.82 – 4.14, the range of essential amino acid index was 86.9 – 89.9, the biological values ranged from 83.0 – 86.3. The Lys/Trp was 3.31-4.27. Serine was limiting amino acid (0.513 – 0.516) in the egg score comparison; under the essential amino acids scores, Lys (0.840) was limiting in female but Val (0.823) was limiting in the male; Lys (0.796 – 0.905) was limiting in both samples in the pre-school child amino acid requirements. It was observed that out of the twenty parameters determined, male flesh was more concentrated in 60% values than the female flesh and 40% better in female than male. Correlation coefficient result showed that significant differences existed in the amino acids composition at r = 0.01 of the N. maculatus samples.

scholarly journals Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3933
Author(s):  
Cristine Couto de Almeida ◽  
Diego dos Santos Baião ◽  
Katia Christina Leandro ◽  
Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin ◽  
Marion Pereira da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Essential Amino Acid Content

Infant formulas, designed to provide similar nutritional composition and performance to human milk, are recommended when breastfeeding is not enough to provide for the nutritional needs of children under 12 months of age. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the protein quality and essential amino acid content of both starting (phase 1) and follow-up (phase 2) formulas from different manufacturers. The chemical amino acid score and protein digestibility corrected by the amino acid score were calculated. The determined protein contents in most formulas were above the maximum limit recommended by FAO and WHO guidelines and at odds with the protein contents declared in the label. All infant formulas contained lactoferrin (0.06 to 0.44 g·100 g−1) and α-lactalbumin (0.02 to 1.34 g·100 g−1) below recommended concentrations, whereas ĸ-casein (8.28 to 12.91 g·100 g−1), α-casein (0.70 to 2.28 g·100 g−1) and β-lactoglobulin (1.32 to 4.19 g·100 g−1) were detected above recommended concentrations. Essential amino acid quantification indicated that threonine, leucine and phenylalanine were the most abundant amino acids found in the investigated infant formulas. In conclusion, infant formulas are still unconforming to nutritional breast milk quality and must be improved in order to follow current global health authority guidelines.

scholarly journals The impact of host plant on the abundance and function of symbiotic bacteria in an aphid

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (17) ◽  
pp. 3027-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Wilkinson ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
L. B. Minto ◽  
A. E. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY The black-bean aphid Aphis fabae bears populations of coccoid symbiotic bacteria Buchnera spp. at 2.0–3.2×107cellsmg−1aphidmass and rod-shaped secondary symbionts of uncertain taxonomic affiliation at 0.1–0.6×107cellsmg−1aphidmass. Buchnera provides essential amino acids, supplementing the poor supply in the aphid diet of plant phloem sap. Comparison of the performance of A. fabae containing and experimentally deprived of their bacteria showed that the bacteria caused increased larval mass of aphids reared on Chenopodium album and Papaver dubium plants, but not when reared on Lamium purpureum. In the aphids reared on L. purpureum, the density of the bacteria, especially the secondary symbionts, was significantly elevated, and bacterial-mediated production of the essential amino acid threonine was reduced, even though the essential amino acid content of phloem exudates from L. purpureum had a low threonine content. It is proposed that the shortfall in threonine, possibly compounded by the high density of secondary symbionts, may contribute to the poor performance of the aphids on L. purpureum. This study offers the first evidence to suggest plant-mediated interference with the nutritional function of symbiotic bacteria in any phytophagous insect.

scholarly journals From Biogas and Hydrogen to Microbial Protein Through Co-Cultivation of Methane and Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof ◽  
Myrsini Sakarika ◽  
Marie Van Giel ◽  
Maarten Muys ◽  
Pieter Vermeir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidizing Bacteria

Increasing efforts are directed towards the development of sustainable alternative protein sources among which microbial protein (MP) is one of the most promising. Especially when waste streams are used as substrates, the case for MP could become environmentally favorable. The risks of using organic waste streams for MP production–the presence of pathogens or toxicants–can be mitigated by their anaerobic digestion and subsequent aerobic assimilation of the (filter-sterilized) biogas. Even though methane and hydrogen oxidizing bacteria (MOB and HOB) have been intensively studied for MP production, the potential benefits of their co-cultivation remain elusive. Here, we isolated a diverse group of novel HOB (that were capable of autotrophic metabolism), and co-cultured them with a defined set of MOB, which could be grown on a mixture of biogas and H2/O2. The combination of MOB and HOB, apart from the CH4 and CO2 contained in biogas, can also enable the valorization of the CO2 that results from the oxidation of methane by the MOB. Different MOB and HOB combinations were grown in serum vials to identify the best-performing ones. We observed synergistic effects on growth for several combinations, and in all combinations a co-culture consisting out of both HOB and MOB could be maintained during five days of cultivation. Relative to the axenic growth, five out of the ten co-cultures exhibited 1.1–3.8 times higher protein concentration and two combinations presented 2.4–6.1 times higher essential amino acid content. The MP produced in this study generally contained lower amounts of the essential amino acids histidine, lysine and threonine, compared to tofu and fishmeal. The most promising combination in terms of protein concentration and essential amino acid profile was Methyloparacoccus murrelli LMG 27482 with Cupriavidus necator LMG 1201. Microbial protein from M. murrelli and C. necator requires 27–67% less quantity than chicken, whole egg and tofu, while it only requires 15% more quantity than the amino acid-dense soybean to cover the needs of an average adult. In conclusion, while limitations still exist, the co-cultivation of MOB and HOB creates an alternative route for MP production leveraging safe and sustainably-produced gaseous substrates.

Screening of amino acid constituents from date palm fruits

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4972
Author(s):  
Lata Birlangi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Social Part

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of mankind’s oldest cultivated plants. The fruit of the date palm is an important crop of the hot arid and semi-arid regions of the world. It has always played a genuine economic and social part in the lives of the people of these areas. The present objective in examining the amino acid content of different varieties of date palm fruits from Middle-East region; is to determine whether its protein could effectively supplement the nutritional value and it is also aimed in finding which variety is rich in number of amino acids. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of eight essential amino acids and five non-essential amino acids in the date fruits. Among all the date fruit varieties taken as samples for the study, Dabbas cultivar of United Arab Emirates found to exhibit eight types of amino acids which includes five as non-essential ones. Total of thirteen amino acids were detected in the seven date cultivars. Determination of amino acid can serve as a guide to the possible nutritional value.

scholarly journals Assessment of Chemical, Physico-Chemical and Sensorial Properties of Frankfurter-Type Sausages Added with Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), Extracts

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Anna Judith Perez-Baez ◽  
Juan Pedro Camou ◽  
Martin Valenzuela-Melendres ◽  
Raquel Lucas-Gonzalez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos
Keyword(s):  
Meat Product ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Residual Nitrite ◽  
Emulsified Meat

Frankfurters are the most widespread type of emulsified meat product in the world. However, they could be considered unhealthy due to their high-fat content (15–30%). The meat industry wishes to change the perception of these products by reformulating them. One strategy is increasing the content of compounds considered beneficial for human health. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the chemical, physico-chemical, and sensorial properties of Frankfurter-type sausages added with roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), extracts. Frankfurter-type sausages were made following a traditional formula. Three different formulations were prepared. The original mixture was used as a control sample (CS). The other samples were formulated by adding roselle extract at 4.08% (FRE4) and 8.17% (FRE8). For proximate analysis, no statistical differences were found between FRE4 and FRE8 and CS. However, the residual nitrite levels decreased from 88.41 mg NaNO2/kg in CS to 86.31 and 69.82 mg NaNO2/kg in FRE4 and FRE8, respectively. Regarding the sensory analysis of the frankfurters, CS and FRE4 samples generally scored significantly higher than FRE8 for all the parameters considered. This study suggests that the reformulation of Frankfurter-type sausages using roselle extracts is feasible and represents a viable alternative to improve the safety and the nutritional composition of the product.

scholarly journals Spiny-Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), as an Alternative Food Source

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Natalia Śmietana ◽  
Remigiusz Panicz ◽  
Małgorzata Sobczak ◽  
Przemysław Śmietana ◽  
Arkadiusz Nędzarek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Score ◽  
Very High ◽  
Acid Index

The aim of the study was to present a comprehensive characterisation of crayfish meat, which is crucial to assess its potential usefulness in the food industry. To this end, we assessed the yield, basic chemical composition (protein, fat, minerals), nutritional value (amino acid and fatty acid profiles, essential amino acid index (EAAI), chemical score of essential amino acids (CS), hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H), atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indices), as well as culinary value (lab colour, texture, sensory characteristics, structure) of the meat of spiny-cheek crayfish (Faxonius limosus) (n = 226) from Lake Sominko (Poland) harvested in May–September 2017. Crayfish meat, especially that from the abdomen, was shown to have high nutritional parameters. It is lean (0.26% of fat), with a favourable fatty acid profile and a very high quality of fat (PUFA (sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids):SFA (sum of saturated fatty acids), n-6/n-3, h/H, AI, TI) and protein (high CS and EAAI). It is also a better source of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and Cu than meat from slaughter animals. Hence, crayfish meat can be an alternative to livestock meat in the human diet. Owing to its culinary value (delicateness, weak game flavour, and odour), it meets the requirements of the most demanding consumers, i.e., children and older people.

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