scholarly journals Effect of Fermentation and Mango Mesocarp or Fluted Pumpkin Powders on the Chemical Composition and Potential Mineral Bioavailability of Sorghum-Based Complementary Foods

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Sengev Iorfa Abraham ◽  
Ariahu Chukwuma Charles ◽  
Abu Joseph Oneh ◽  
Gernah Dickson Iorwuese
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Good Potential

The effect of fermentation, mango mesocarp or fluted pumpkin leaf powders on the chemical properties and potential mineral bioavailability of sorghum-based complementary foods was investigated. Samples were formulated based on 16% protein to satisfy the nutrient requirement of preschool children to obtain non-fermented sorghum/mango mesocarp/crayfish (NFSMC), non-fermented sorghum/fluted pumpkin leaf/crayfish (NFSPC), fermented sorghum/ mango mesocarp/crayfish (FSMC) and fermented sorghum/ fluted pumpkin leaf /crayfish (FSPC). Some physico-chemical properties of the blends were analysed using standard procedures. Moisture (10.22–10.99%) and carbohydrate (78.73-79.89%). The protein (15.84-16.91%), fibre (0.07-0.08%) and ash (2.07-2.15%) were within the recommended limits. Fat contents ranged from 2.00-2.16% and energy values ranged from 401.40 to 402.10 kCal. Fermentation did not significantly (p ≥ 0.05) affect the proximate composition of the products. The mineral values for magnesium (53.25-61.60%), sodium (32.06-46.30%), potassium (20.80-44.66%), calcium (198.60-230.30%) and phosphorus (98.99-101.50%) with no significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference in most of the products. The iron and copper values ranged from 10.03-17.09% and 0.42-1.43% respectively. Mineral ratios for the products ranged from 0.74 – 2.19 for Na/K, 1.96 – 2.71 for Ca/P and 3.69 – 5.07 for Ca/Mg. The tannins content ranged from 20.23 to 51.51 mg/100 g, phytate (7.25-22.16 mg/100 g), oxalate (5.50 to 14.37 mg.100 g), pH (6.20 to 7.80) and beta-carotene ranged from 724.50 - 1215.40 µg/100 g with significant (p<0.05) difference between the blends. The molar ratios of the blends, except NFSMC, indicated good potential for mineral bioavailability.

INFLUENCE OF ALUMINUM ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM IRON PHOSPHATE

2011 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUNEHIRO KIMURA ◽  
KONRAD ŚWIERCZEK ◽  
JACEK MARZEC ◽  
JANINA MOLENDA
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lithium Batteries ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Electrochemical Tests ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spectroscopy Studies ◽  
Initial Results

In this work we present results of measurements of structural (XRD), microstructural (SEM, EDX, TEM) and transport (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient) properties as well as results of Mössbauer and FTIR spectroscopy studies of phospho-olivine materials with assumed chemical composition Li 1-3x Al x FePO 4 (x = 0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05 and 0.1). Based on the performed research, possibility of lithium sublattice doping by Al is discussed. Additionally, initial results of electrochemical tests of lithium batteries with obtained, phospho-olivine based cathode materials are provided.

Working Fluids Used for Drilling Deep Boreholes

2014 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Šofranko ◽  
Erika Škvareková ◽  
Gabriel Wittenberger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Deep Boreholes ◽  
Selection Of

Particularly important is the use of drilling fluid in carrying out drilling works to great depths and especially in difficult geological conditions. Proper function of the drilling fluid is governed by the selection of their physico-chemical properties. Drilling works of hydrogeological survey require circulation of borehole with such rinses, which at a minimum pollute water-bearing horizons and their chemical composition meets hygiene requirements.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical properties of Brazilian cocoa butter and industrial blends. Part I Chemical composition, solid fat content and consistency

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. B. Ribeiro ◽  
R. Claro da Silva ◽  
L. A. Gioielli ◽  
M. I. De Almeida Gonçalves ◽  
R. Grimaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals The Influence of the Preparation Method on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Catalytic Activities of Ce-Modified LDH Structures Used as Catalysts in Condensation Reactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6191
Author(s):  
Alexandra-Elisabeta Stamate ◽  
Rodica Zăvoianu ◽  
Octavian Dumitru Pavel ◽  
Ruxandra Birjega ◽  
Andreea Matei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preparation Method ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Co Precipitation

Mechanical activation and mechanochemical reactions are the subjects of mechanochemistry, a special branch of chemistry studied intensively since the 19th century. Herein, we comparably describe two synthesis methods used to obtain the following layered double hydroxide doped with cerium, Mg3Al0.75Ce0.25(OH)8(CO3)0.5·2H2O: the mechanochemical route and the co-precipitation method, respectively. The influence of the preparation method on the physico-chemical properties as determined by multiple techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, DRIFT, RAMAN, DR-UV-VIS, basicity, acidity, real/bulk densities, and BET measurements was also analyzed. The obtained samples, abbreviated HTCe-PP (prepared by co-precipitation) and HTCe-MC (prepared by mechanochemical method), and their corresponding mixed oxides, Ce-PP (resulting from HTCe-PP) and Ce-MC (resulting from HTCe-MC), were used as base catalysts in the self-condensation reaction of cyclohexanone and two Claisen–Schmidt condensations, which involve the reaction between an aromatic aldehyde and a ketone, at different molar ratios to synthesize compounds with significant biologic activity from the flavonoid family, namely chalcone (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) and flavone (2-phenyl-4H-1benzoxiran-4-one). The mechanochemical route was shown to have indisputable advantages over the co-precipitation method for both the catalytic activity of the solids and the costs.

scholarly journals Effects of animal manures on enzymes activities and physico-chemical properties of a degraded humid ultisol

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
A.I. Afangide ◽  
N.H. Okoli ◽  
M.A. Okon ◽  
N.T. Egboka ◽  
P. Inyang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Animal Manures ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physico Chemical

Application of animal manures for soil amendment plays a major role in the improvement of soil properties and enzymatic activities of a degraded Ultisol. This study assessed the effects of poultry manure (PM) and swine manure (SM) on the activities of catalase and urease enzymes and some soil properties. The PM and SM were applied at the rate of 30 t ha–1 each on experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Soil samples were collected at day 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 from 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths and analyzed for catalase and urease enzymes and some soil properties using standard procedures. The results showed increase in soil pH (in H2O) from 4.0 to 5.4 following manure application. At 0-15 cm soil depth, PM and SM recorded 28.1 and 28.8% increases in soil pH (in H2O), respectively. Soil organic carbon was highest (2.6 g kg–1) at 0-15 cm depth for soil amended with SM while the lowest value of 1.1 g kg–1was obtained at 15-30 cm depth for soil unamended with SM. In PM-amended soil, catalase activities ranged from 1.32 to 6.77 mg g–1 while its activities in SM-treated soil significantly (p < 0.05) varied between 1.55 and 8.11 mg g–1. Urease showed ranges of 0.72-3.90 mg g–1 and 0.96-4.71 mg g–1 in PM-amended and SM-treated soils, respectively. The results uphold that animal manures improve soil properties and are enzymatically controlled.

CHANGES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DURING COMPOSTING OF SIAM WEED (Chromolaena odorata) AND COWDUNG

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
A K AKINTOKUN ◽  
P O AKINTOKUN ◽  
A O OBAWUSI ◽  
O R LAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Three compost samples were prepared in this study from Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and cowdung. Sample A was prepared from Cow dung and siam weed at ratio 100g: 100g, Sample B was prepared from 200g chopped siam weed and sample C contained 200g cowdung. These three sam-ples were composted in plastic drums perforated for aeration and each sample were replicated three times. The content in the drums were regularly turned and monitored at 1, 10, 30 and 60 days for mi-crobiological and physicochemical properties. The microbiological and physicochemical analyses of the compost were carried out using standard procedures. Bacterial, Coliform and Fungal count in-creased from day 1 to the 30th day and thereafter decreased from 30th day to the 60th day in all the composting samples. The bacteria species isolated and identified were Pseudomonas fragilis, Pseu-domonas nitrificans, Proteus mirabilis, E. coli, Streptococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Clostridium perfringes, Bacillus cereus, Proteus morganii, Micrococcus acidophilus. Fungal species were Aspergil-lus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporium, Penicillum chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH of the composted samples ranges between 5.8 to 6.9. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increased with days of composting but the heavy metals decreased with days of composting. The sulfatase, phosphatase, dehydrogenase, amyl-ase and cellulose enzymes in the three samples increased from day 1 to the 60th day. Sulfatase en-zyme which was the highest ranged from 25 to 76.5% in the three sample, phosphatase (14 to 60.5%), dehydrogenase (20.5 to 55.0%), cellulose (16.5 to 49%) and amylase which was the least enzyme recorded ranged from 5.0 to 38%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document