Comparative Analysis of Profitability of Rice Production among Men and Women Farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Abstract Background The notion of leisure became pronounced more than 20 years ago when women who worked on or out of the farm came home to a “second shift,” which entailed domestic work and childcare. This gap continues today not only between men and women but also among women and men. Women's challenges in terms of their leisure arise out of or are shaped by social norms and different life contexts. Method The Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) was conducted to understand women's empowerment and disempowerment status in agricultural activities in five counties in Kenya in 2017. In 2019, focus group discussions were carried out in two of the five counties to understand how men and women farmers define leisure and assess the leisure gap and its effect on women's farm and household activities. We were also interested in understanding how men's and women's workload affects leisure and other productive economic activities, resulting in empowerment and how women’s unpaid work contributes to income poverty. Result The WEAI showed that 28% of disempowerment (5DE) in women farmers is due to lack of time for leisure activities and 18% from being overworked. This means that the time indicator accounts for 46% of disempowerment in Kenyan women bean farmers. Men in Bomet and Narok spent more time than women in raising large livestock and leisure. Women in Bomet spent more time than men in cooking and domestic work (fetching water and collecting fuelwood), while men in Bomet spent more time than women in managing their businesses. Conclusion Work overload is a constraining factor to women's empowerment in bean production and agricultural productivity. What is considered leisure for men and women is embedded in society’s social fabrics, and it is contextual. This paper highlights instances where leisure provides a way for women to embody and/or resist the discourses of gender roles in the bean value chain and households to enhance food security and health.

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When Machines Take the Beans: Ex-Ante Socioeconomic Impact Evaluation of Mechanized Harvesting of Mungbean in Bangladesh and Myanmar

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11050925 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 925

Author(s):

Lutz Depenbusch ◽

Cathy Rozel Farnworth ◽

Pepijn Schreinemachers ◽

Thuzar Myint ◽

Md Monjurul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Women Farmers ◽

Men And Women ◽

Farm Work ◽

Weather Shocks ◽

Budget Analysis ◽

Ex Ante ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Impact

Agricultural mechanization has spread across much of Asia since the 1960s. It has increased agricultural productivity and reduced arduous farm work. However, differing impacts for smallholders and hired laborers, and for men and women, require careful consideration. This study analyzed, ex-ante, the likely social and economic tradeoffs of mechanizing the mungbean harvest in Bangladesh and Myanmar. We used a mixed methods approach combining survey data from 852 farm households with in-depth interviews in four villages. Partial budget analysis shows that mechanical harvesting of mungbean is not yet profitable for most farms. There is nevertheless an incentive to mechanize as the associated timeliness of the harvest reduces the risk of harvest losses from weather shocks. Men and women farmers expect time savings and reduced drudgery. The results confirm that hired workers depend on manual harvesting for income and status in both countries. Most hired workers are landless married women with limited access to other sources of income. In the short term, farmers are likely to combine manual harvests and a final mechanized harvest of the indeterminate crop. This could mediate the impact on hired workers. However, in the long term, it will be necessary to facilitate income-generating opportunities for women in landless rural families to maintain their well-being and income.

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Transparency in corporate governance: Extent of directors duty to declare interest in company’s transactions

Corporate Board role duties and composition ◽

10.22495/cbv11i1c1art6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 137-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anthony O. Nwafor

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Corporate Governance ◽

United Kingdom ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Common Law ◽

Men And Women ◽

Legal Personality ◽

The Common ◽

The Law ◽

Important Position

The realization that the directors occupy important position in corporate governance, and as business men and women, cannot be prevented from having dealings with the company, demand a close scrutiny of corporate transactions in which they are directly or indirectly involved or have an interest to ensure that such interest is not placed above their duty to the company. One of the ways in which the law strives to achieve this balance is by imposing a duty on the director to disclose to the board any interest he has in company’s transactions. This requirement which was previously governed by the common law and the company’s articles, is presently increasingly finding a place in companies statutes in different jurisdictions. The paper examines, through a comparative analysis, the provisions on the duty of the director to disclose interest in company’s transactions in South Africa and United Kingdom with the aim of discovering the extent to which the statute in both jurisdictions upholds the common law prescriptions. The paper argues that the need for transparency in corporate governance and the preservation of the distinct legal personality of the company demand that the duty to disclose interest should be upheld even in those cases of companies run by a sole director.

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Comparative Analysis of Rice Performance and Profitability with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Traditional Practices (TP) in Ziguinchor District, Senegal

Forestry & Agriculture Review ◽

10.47285/far.v2i1.64 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 22-36

Author(s):

Pierre C. C. DIEDHIOU ◽

Antoine SAMBOU ◽

Ousmane NDIAYE, NGor NDOUR ◽

Seydou K. DIEDHIOU

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Rice Production ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Cost Ratio ◽

Traditional Practices ◽

Traditional System ◽

Benefit Cost Ratio ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Benefit Cost

The "System of Rice Intensification"(SRI) represents a sustainable alternative to improve household yields and incomes. This study aimed to evaluate the yields and the profitability of the SRI and the Traditional Practices (TP) in Ziguinchor district, Senegal. A directed sampling based on criteria for selecting the system used and the cultivated varieties common to both systems was applied to collect the yield parameters and yields of paddy rice. Thus, 18 producers in the Badiate, Essyl, and Fanda sites were selected, nine per system and four 1 m2 yield squares were installed in each selected producer plot. A total of 72 yield squares, 36 per system, were installed, and an individual questionnaire was randomly administered to 55 producers using at least one of the systems to collect data on rice production and costs. The yield parameters including the number of fertile tillers per m2, the number of spikes, the weight of the 1000 grains are significantly higher (p<0.05) in the SRI including yield compared to the traditional system. Transplanting density and plant duration are higher in TP (26±5.6 plants/m2 and 26 days) than in SRI (16±0.4 plants/m2 and 16 days). The lower the transplanting density, the higher the yield parameters and the yield. The economic profitability, determined based on the benefit/cost ratio, is higher in SRI (1.5) than in TP (1.2). The SRI required a lot of technicality in its implementation and generated more cost of production. However, SRI was more productive and economically more profitable than the traditional system.

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Women's access to agricultural technologies in rice production and processing hubs: A comparative analysis of Ethiopia, Madagascar and Tanzania

Journal of Rural Studies ◽

10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.03.011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 188-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Esther L. Achandi ◽

Gaudiose Mujawamariya ◽

Afiavi R. Agboh-Noameshie ◽

Shewaye Gebremariam ◽

Njaka Rahalivavololona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Rice Production ◽

Agricultural Technologies

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Gender wage gap decomposition methods: Comparative analysis

Applied Econometrics ◽

10.22394/1993-7601-2021-62-5-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 5-31

Author(s):

Sergey Roshchin ◽

◽

Natalya Yemelina ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Gender Wage Gap ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Decomposition Methods ◽

Influence Functions ◽

Quantile Regressions ◽

Men And Women ◽

Distribution Parameters ◽

Monitoring Survey ◽

The Mean

This study introduces a comparative analysis of the gender wage gap decomposition methods with the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) data for 2018. To decompose the differences in average wages, approaches based on the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition are used. Apart from the mean wages, the study focuses on other distribution statistics. Using the quantile regressions, the wage gap between men and women is decomposed for the distribution parameters such as median, lower and upper deciles. The decomposition estimates of conditional and unconditional (based on recentered influence functions) quantile regressions are compared.

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