scholarly journals Food Prices and the Challenge of Food Security in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Onyinye Ifeoma Ochuba ◽  
Ibeinmo Friday Cookey
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The State ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
High Food ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
State Capital

High food prices are seen as synonymous with food insecurity. This is because it defiles one of the four cardinals of food security; food accessibility. To ensure the attainment of food security which is a common denominator in the United Nation’s MDGs and SDG as eradication of hunger, food must be economically accessible by all and sundry. Bayelsa State has been bedevilled by exorbitant food prices as confirmed by NBS data released in March 2020 which placed the state as having the highest cost in 15 out of 43 food items reviewed. This placed it as the state where food is most expensive in the federation. This study employing the tool purposive structured interview and schedule sought the view of 400 traders from five markets in the state capital, Yenagoa. Also 15 food truck drivers were interviewed. Using frequencies and percentages, the result showed that the key contributors to high food prices in the state are high dependence on food importation from within and outside the nation as the natives are not farmers, activities of touts, oil pollution, absence of large mechanized farms in the state, poor road network among others. The study strongly suggests the harmonisation of taskforce collecting agencies to eradicate multiple levies that are currently ongoing. It also suggested improved investment in agriculture by both public and private sectors with comparative advantage in mind to ensure that the potentials of the state in agriculture are adequately harnessed.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in the Brazilian Oil Capital: the successful experience of public and private engagement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Martins Feitosa ◽  
Bruno da Costa Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Cristina Petry ◽  
Keity Jaqueline Chagas Vilela Nocchi ◽  
Rodrigo de Moraes Brindeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Successful Approach ◽  
Spatial Cluster Analysis ◽  
State Capital

Abstract Background Brazilian strategy to overcome the spread of COVID-19 has been particularly criticized due to the lack of a national coordinating effort and an appropriate testing program. Here, a successful approach to control the spread of COVID-19 transmission is described by the engagement of public (university and governance) and private sectors (hospitals and oil companies) in Macaé, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city known as the National Oil Capital. Methods Until the 38th epidemiological week, over two percent of the 206,728 citizens were subjected to symptom analysis and massive RT-qPCR testing by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, with positive individuals being notified up to 48 hours after swab collection. Geocodification and spatial cluster analysis were used to limit COVID-19 spreading in Macaé. Findings: Within the first semester after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Brazil, Macaé recorded 1.8% of fatality associated to COVID-19 up to the 38th epidemiological week, which was at least five times lower than the state capital (10.92%). Overall, considering the successful experience of this joint effort of private and public engagement in Macaé, our data suggest that the development of a similar strategy country wise would have saved over 50,000 lives. Interpretation: Quarantine decree by the local government, molecular massive testing coupled to scientific analysis of COVID-19 spreading prevented the catastrophic consequences of the pandemic as seen in other populous cities within the state of Rio de Janeiro and elsewhere in Brazil.

scholarly journals Assessment of concentration of producers on the beef market

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Stepasiuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The State ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Beef Market

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the functioning of the beef market and its impact on the development of the country’s economy. It is emphasized that the importance of national food security and the country’s export potential is an indisputable fact. It is emphasized that an important role in this mission of the state is played by livestock, which provides the population with valuable food. Therefore, the state of development of this branch of agriculture is relevant at present and is one of the priorities of agricultural policy. The importance and role of cattle meat in food security are substantiated. Based on the calculation of five concentration indicators (concentration ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman index, Hall-Tidman index, market share variance, coefficient of variation, entropy coefficient, relative entropy coefficient), the peculiarities of competition in the domestic meat market are determined. Calculations show that this market is moderately concentrated with a limited oligopoly, has weak market power of economic entities, and a high level of competition in the foreign market of cattle. It is established that ensuring the competitiveness of domestic beef is possible due to the revival of the meat industry based on the development of specialized enterprises, which will reduce production costs, provide affordable prices for beef in rising food prices and product quality standards to enter foreign markets. It is emphasized that the effective development of the meat market will contribute to the sustainable development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and increase the competitiveness of domestic products. There is still a wide field for research on the mechanisms of state support for the development of livestock in order to restore the potential of the industry and provide the country with stable international positions.

The Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Estrada Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Local System ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
The State ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teachers Union ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
State Capital ◽  
And Diffusion

The summer and fall of 2006 saw a violent, protracted conflict in Oaxaca, Mexico between the state government and the Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (Asamblea Popular de los Pueblos de Oaxaca, APPO). What began as a contentious labor negotiation between the local government and the teachers’ union soon developed into a popular protest and mobilization throughout the state, especially in the Valles Centrales region, home to the state capital. The governor’s repressive actions against critics and opponents of his administration led the APPO members to a consensus demanding his removal. The result was a government in paralysis, with none of the three constitutional branches able to exercise their normal authority or carry out their activities. The APPO achieved territorial control by the following means: with the erection of hundreds of barricades throughout the capital to protect it from sneak attacks by irregular units of the state police; with its occupation, operation, and diffusion of public and private media outlets; with a permanent mobilization of its members; and with the construction of a popular government, the Oaxaca Commune, to manage public affairs and services. This experience of popular autonomy involved the dismantling of the local system of domination and also of the authoritarian, clientelist, patrimonialist, and patriarchal relationships within the organizations of the APPO itself. It ended in violent repression.

scholarly journals Foreign experience in improving food security as one of the most im-portant foundations for ensuring the national security of the state (on the example of Japan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
P. Kobetc
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
New Challenges

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the problem of chronic hunger, which has worsened over the past decades in the world, clearly indicates that there is not enough food in the world to feed people. The problem under consideration continues to worsen due to such factors as: the effects of climate change, the unstable world economy, low agricultural production, growing poverty and unstable food prices. Thus, these factors have set new challenges for the world to produce and continuously supply the population with basic foodstuffs. In modern Japan, the problems related to ensuring food security on the basis of a strong interaction between the agro-industrial complex and the state are very active. At the same time, the problem of food security in the land of the rising sun differs from the world one. Since Japanese food security consists in increasing the self-sufficiency coefficient by increasing domestic production in order to meet the demand for both types of food related to traditional Japanese food and imported from abroad. Thus, in addition to understanding the problem of food security in Japan, this paper also focuses on the need to increase self-sufficiency in food.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Level of Food Provision for the Population of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
H. I. Vorzhevitina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Food Provision

The article is concerned with studying the problems of legal regulation of the level of food provision for the population of Ukraine. The norms of both the legislative and by-law acts regulating food security and food provision, as well as the work of scholars who studied this problem before, were examined. Food provision for the population of Ukraine can be defined as the State-based providing citizens of Ukraine with access to food of proper quality in the amount sufficient for the normal functioning of the human body and preservation of its health. This concept is closely related to the concept of food security. Food security is a state of physical provision by the main food groups of the appropriate level of quality and safety, as well as the forming of the State food reserve not lower than the officially established limit norm. The level of food provision for the population of Ukraine should meet the needs of citizens in a sufficient amount of food of proper quality. The normative legal acts regulating the level of food provision for the population of Ukraine can be divided into the following groups: defining requirements for the safety and quality of food products; consolidating the legal status of food producers; carrying out legislative regulation of the legal status of agricultural land; establishing measures of the State support for food producers; implementing the State regulation of imports of agricultural products; intended for legal regulation of wholesale and retail trade in foods; ensuring the State regulation of food prices; determining standards of the subsistence minimum for the citizens of Ukraine. Proposals on amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On subsistence minimum» to ensure an adequate level of food provision for the population of Ukraine are formulated.

Doctoral Studies in Psychology in Spain

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Yolanda García Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
The State ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
The Individual

In Spain doctoral studies underwent a major legal reform in 1998. The new legislation has brought together the criteria, norms, rules, and study certificates in universities throughout the country, both public and private. A brief description is presented here of the planning and structuring of doctoral programs, which have two clearly differentiated periods: teaching and research. At the end of the 2-year teaching program, the individual and personal phase of preparing one's doctoral thesis commences. However, despite efforts by the state to regulate these studies and to achieve greater efficiency, critical judgment is in order as to whether the envisioned aims are being achieved, namely, that students successfully complete their doctoral studies. After this analysis, we make proposals for the future aimed mainly at the individual period during which the thesis is written, a critical phase in obtaining the doctor's degree. Not enough attention has been given to this in the existing legislation.

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