Phytochemical Screening and Antiulcer Activity, of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) Aqueous Fruits Extract in Wistar Rats

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 80% of the world’s population rely mostly on traditional medicine. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) which results from an imbalance between stomach acid-pepsin and mucosal defense barriers is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population and represents 33% of gastroenterology consultations in Cameroon. The people in low medium incomecountries depend mostly on medicinal plants for primary healthcare since they can be accessed quickly and are affordable. Such plant is Ficus thonningii Blume, which is found abundantly in Africa and also in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to phytochemically screened the aqueous fruits extract of Ficus thonningii (AEFFt), and investigate their antiulcer activity. Methods: The aqueous fruits extract was phytochemically screened following standard qualitative methods. Four in vitro tests to characterize antacid properties were carried out. Ulcers were induced using an ethanol and hydrochloric acid (HCl/EtOH) solution. Ulcer preventive (anti-ulcer) activity was investigated in 6 different treatment groups: 2 conventional drugs (Maalox 100 mg/kg, Omeprazole 20 mg/kg), three doses of AEFFt at (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, & 500 mg/Kg), and a vehicle treatment group (administered only the ulcerogenic agent). Histological analysis of the stomachs was carried out. Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii showed the presence of flavonoids, mucilages, saponins, gallic tannins, betacyanins, and total polyphenols. Following the in vitro tests, we obtained a value of 7.4mEq for acid neutralization capacity (ANC) for the extract, and a pH of 4.2 for the extract following FDA test. For the in vivo tests, the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii (AEFFt) showed a dose-dependent increase ulcer-preventive (gastroprotective) activity with the three treatment aqueous extracts doses. Conclusion: The study showed that, the aqueous extract of fruits of Ficus thonningii showed a dose-dependent ulcer-preventive activity that could be accounted for by the presence of bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins).

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ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATION CONTAINING AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ACACIA CATECHU WILLD ON RODENT MODELS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i5.29689 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Basant Khare ◽

Naina Dubey ◽

Akash Sharma

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Ulcer Index ◽

Release Formulation ◽

Acacia Catechu

Objective: To study the Antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of acacia catechu willd on rodent models by controlled release formulation.Methods: Microspheres were prepared by solvent evapoaration method and were evaluated for various parameters like SEM, stability and in vitro relese. And acacia catechu willd loaded microspheres were evaluated for in vivo study involving Gastric ulceration in rats was induced by Ethanol/HCl. Ulcer genic effect (Ulcer Index), pH and Total acidity, Histopathological studies.Results: Results indicated that Acacia catechu willd microspheres contains some active constituents like flavanoid which are responsible for its anti ulcer activity. Also it was observed aqueous extract loaded microspheres showed maximum activity was found (200 mg/kg) with standard Cimetidine (100 mg/kg) also, the results revealed that aqueous extract microspheres at 200 mg/kg had reduced ulcer incidence significantly, when compared to the control as evident by decrease in ulcer score in the model.Conclusion: Based on the result it can be concluded that microspheres loaded with aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu willd produced promising antiulcer activity and were safe.

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Phytopharmacological Evaluation of Alcoholic Extract of Berberis aristata Leaf in the Treatment of Gastric Ulcer

International Journal of PharmTech Research ◽

10.20902/ijptr.2019.130101 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Ratnaker Singh ◽

Y. Trilochana

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antiulcer Activity ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

Dose Dependent

For over a century, peptic ulcer has been one of the most common gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorder. There are number of drugs are now available for treatment. Drugs of herbal origin reduce the offensive factors and have proved to be safe, clinically effective, relatively less expensive, globally competitive, and with better patient tolerance.This study was performed to assess the anti-ulcer activity on different parts of B.aristata. Apart from that, acute toxicity, qualitative chemical analysis, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content(TFC) and in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. The potentially active plant part was selected for screening as gastro protective, in vivo antioxidant and antisecretory activities in ulcerated rats.The 50% ethanolic extract of B. aristata were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, estimation of TFC and TPC. The crude extract from the leaves of B. aristata gave best antiulcer activity among flower and stem. In acute toxicity studies, the administration of the crude extract of B. aristata leaves did not reveal any adverse effects or toxicity in rats at fourteen days observations.The results of these studies have shown that ethylexract of B.aristata leaf (EEBAL) produced a significant dose dependent ulcerprotective, antioxidant and antisecretory activity by blocking the activity of proton pump, protecting from antioxidants produced during stress induced ulcer and by enhancing glycoprotein levels.

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Formulation of Improved Traditional Drugs against virulent species of Salmonella spp in Benin: assessment of the properties from Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus in Benin, West Africa

10.21203/rs.2.16504/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Boris LEGBA ◽

Victorien DOUGNON ◽

Carène GBAGUIDI ◽

Alidah ANIAMBOSSOU ◽

Esther DEGUENON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Salmonella Spp

Abstract Background Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus on multiresistant Salmonella spp isolated in Benin.Results After in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus , only the aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae (leaves) showed the best anti- Salmonella ’s activity. It has been used for the following experiments. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9.0 10 8 CFU/ml was optimal concentration for triggering and maintaining the symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration has been used for in vivo assessment. 24 hours post inoculation later, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stool and somnolence) were observed in infected groups. After seven days of treatment, the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 85%, 52.38% and 98% respectively in the chicks groups infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. About the groups infected with Salmonella spp (virulent strain), the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 0%, 98.66% and 99.33%. The toxicity tests did not show any significant effect of the Uvaria chamae ’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks.Conclusion The aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of Salmonella spp . This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.

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Phytochemical Screening, In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extract of Anacardium occidentale Linn. and its Effects on Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes in Hypercholesterolemic Induced Rabbits

Research Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3923/rjbsci.2011.69.74 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 69-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Fazali ◽

A. Zulkhairi ◽

M.E. Nurhaizan ◽

N.H. Kamal ◽

M.S. Zamree ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Anacardium Occidentale ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Screening In Vitro

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Telfairia occidentalis Potentiates the Antiplasmodial Activity of Artemisinins and Amodiaquine Combination Therapy

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352517666190206160812 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Aniekan S. Ebong ◽

Olorunfemi A. Eseyin ◽

Emmanuel I. Etim ◽

Jude E. Okokon ◽

Victor U. Anah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Concurrent Administration ◽

Telfairia Occidentalis ◽

Standard Procedures ◽

Competitive Reduction ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: Drug-phytochemical interactions sometimes result in various unpredictable outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Telfairia occidentalis and its potentiation of the activity of Amodiaquine (AQ) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: Phytochemical screening of the extract was carried out using standard procedures. The extract prepared in 250 and 500 mg/kg/body weight together with amodiaquine and dihydroartemisinin were administered as a single dose and in combination to albino mice by oral gavage, adopting the standard procedures of prophylactic, suppressive and curative antiplasmodial assay models. Results: Phytochemical screening of the extract confirms the abundance of alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The analysis reveals a significant (p < 0.05) competitive reduction of parasitaemia by the conventional drugs and the extract in a dose-dependent order. The aqueous extract of T. occidentalis at 250 and 500 mg/kg gave a percentage parasitaemia reduction of 83.90 % and 85.00%, respectively when compared with the negative control. The concurrent administration of the extract and the drugs produced a synergistic effect in a dose-dependent order. When AQ plus DHA waer administered concurrently with 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of extract, the percentage reduction in parasitaemia increased to 99.50 % and 99.59%, respectively. Conclusion: This shows that the aqueous extract of T. occidentalis possesses significant (p < 0.05) antiplasmodial activity which is comparable to AQ and DHA. It also enhances the efficacy of the standard drugs which indicates an advantage in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

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Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Rats

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.2202/1553-3840.1490 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paulin Nyadjeu ◽

Alain Dongmo ◽

Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack ◽

Albert Kamanyi

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Katp Channels ◽

Stem Bark ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Pre Treatment

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume stem bark aqueous extract in rats. The in vivo activities of the extract were evaluated on normotensive and three rat models of hypertension while the in vitro tests were assayed on rat isolated aorta rings. Acute intravenous injection of the extract (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) induced a significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure in anaesthetised normotensive Wistar rats, salt-loaded hypertensive, L-NAME hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pre-treatment of rats with either propranolol or atropine significantly inhibited the hypotensive effects of the plant extract suggesting its possible action through the interferences with both cholinergic and sympathetic transmissions. Moreover, pre-treatment of rats with L-NAME inhibited the sustained plant antihypertensive effects, suggesting a possible active vasodilatation, which might be partly mediated by an endothelial l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. In isolated rat aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl (60mM), the extract exhibited cumulative vasodilating effects, which were attenuated with either L-NAME, vascular endothelium removal or both tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide pre-treatments. The vasorelaxant effects may be involved in the extract antihypertensive mechanism, partially by increasing the endothelial nitric oxide and by activating the KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle.

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A Realistic Approach for Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antimutagenic Activities, and Risk Assessment of the Aqueous Extract of Platanus orientalis L. Leaves

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467214999210111220358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Erdem Yesilada ◽

Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽

Ahmet Aydin ◽

Muhammed Hamitoğlu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Antimutagenic Activity ◽

Herbal Tea ◽

Platanus Orientalis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background:: Oriental planetree (Platanus orientalis) leaf was recorded as a remedy against inflammatory problems and to stop pain, i.e. toothache or knee pain in “The Canon of Medicines” by Avicenna and was also being documented in the Iranian Traditional Medicine. Although such a utilization has not been described in the reliable sources, recently use of its leaves as herbal tea has become popular among the laypeople. Previous studies have shown that only the nonpolar extract from the leaves may have such an efficacy, while possible benefits when it is used as herbal tea have not been investigated. Objective:: The present study aims to reveal the possible efficacy and safety profile of aqueous extract from P. orientalis leaf. Methods:: Aqueous extract of the leaves was submitted to in vivo and in vitro tests to determine its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimutagenic activities and also reveal its safety profile. Results:: The aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) procured a weak and non-significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract demonstrated antimutagenic activity in very high concentrations. On the other hand, results of safety evaluation showed that no concern has been observed from the viewpoint of public health. Conclusion:: Despite the popularity of the herbal tea prepared from the leaves of Oriental planetree among the people suffering joint problems to relieve pain, this study has proven that such application would not help them to alleviate their complaints when used as herbal tea.

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Formulation of Improved Traditional Drugs against virulent species of Salmonella spp in Benin: assessment of the properties from Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus in Benin, West Africa

10.21203/rs.2.16504/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Boris LEGBA ◽

Victorien DOUGNON ◽

Carène GBAGUIDI ◽

Alidah ANIAMBOSSOU ◽

Esther DEGUENON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Salmonella Spp

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Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Activities of Untreated, Germinated, and Fermented Mung Bean Aqueous Extract

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/350507 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Norlaily Mohd Ali ◽

Hamidah Mohd Yusof ◽

Swee-Keong Yeap ◽

Wan-Yong Ho ◽

Boon-Kee Beh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Inflammatory Mediator ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Ear Oedema

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of untreated mung bean (MB), germinated mung bean (GMB), and fermented mung bean (FMB) was performed on bothin vitro(inhibition of inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide(NO)) andin vivo(inhibition of ear oedema and reduction of response to pain stimulus) studies. Results showed that both GMB and FMB aqueous extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in a dose-dependent manner.In vitroresults showed that GMB and FMB were potent inflammatory mediator (NO) inhibitors at both 2.5 and 5 mg/mL. Furtherin vivostudies showed that GMB and FMB aqueous extract at 1000 mg/kg can significantly reduce ear oedema in mice caused by arachidonic acid. Besides, both 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg concentrations of GMB and FMB were found to exhibit potent antinociceptive effects towards hotplate induced pain. With these, it can be concluded that GMB and FMB aqueous extract exhibited potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.

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Comparison of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates and a Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in a Canine Model of Thrombogenicity

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1646468 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 66 (05) ◽

pp. 609-613 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I R MacGregor ◽

J M Ferguson ◽

L F McLaughlin ◽

T Burnouf ◽

C V Prowse

Keyword(s):

High Purity ◽

Time Course ◽

Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Canine Model ◽

Factor Ix ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Albumin Infusion

SummaryA non-stasis canine model of thrombogenicity has been used to evaluate batches of high purity factor IX concentrates from 4 manufacturers and a conventional prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Platelets, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were monitored before and after infusion of concentrate. Changes in FPA were found to be the most sensitive and reproducible indicator of thrombogenicity after infusion of batches of the PCC at doses of between 60 and 180 IU/kg, with a dose related delayed increase in FPA occurring. Total FPA generated after 100-120 IU/kg of 3 batches of PCC over the 3 h time course was 9-12 times that generated after albumin infusion. In contrast the amounts of FPA generated after 200 IU/kg of the 4 high purity factor IX products were in all cases similar to albumin infusion. It was noted that some batches of high purity concentrates had short NAPTTs indicating that current in vitro tests for potential thrombogenicity may be misleading in predicting the effects of these concentrates in vivo.

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