A Realistic Approach for Anti-inflammatory, Antinociceptive and Antimutagenic Activities, and Risk Assessment of the Aqueous Extract of Platanus orientalis L. Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Yesilada ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽  
Ahmet Aydin ◽  
Muhammed Hamitoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background:: Oriental planetree (Platanus orientalis) leaf was recorded as a remedy against inflammatory problems and to stop pain, i.e. toothache or knee pain in “The Canon of Medicines” by Avicenna and was also being documented in the Iranian Traditional Medicine. Although such a utilization has not been described in the reliable sources, recently use of its leaves as herbal tea has become popular among the laypeople. Previous studies have shown that only the nonpolar extract from the leaves may have such an efficacy, while possible benefits when it is used as herbal tea have not been investigated. Objective:: The present study aims to reveal the possible efficacy and safety profile of aqueous extract from P. orientalis leaf. Methods:: Aqueous extract of the leaves was submitted to in vivo and in vitro tests to determine its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antimutagenic activities and also reveal its safety profile. Results:: The aqueous extract (400 mg/kg) procured a weak and non-significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract demonstrated antimutagenic activity in very high concentrations. On the other hand, results of safety evaluation showed that no concern has been observed from the viewpoint of public health. Conclusion:: Despite the popularity of the herbal tea prepared from the leaves of Oriental planetree among the people suffering joint problems to relieve pain, this study has proven that such application would not help them to alleviate their complaints when used as herbal tea.

scholarly journals Modulation of inflammatory responses by Sutherlandia frutescens

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Wei Lei
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R. Br (Lessertia frutescens) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in southern Africa. It has been used for patients suffering from numerous types of cancer, infectious diseases, and various inflammatory conditions. This study was designed to determine the impact of S. frutescens on the inflammatory response and anti-microbial activities on cell and/or animal models. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of S. frutescens were made and verified using HPLC. These extracts were used to treat murine macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages isolated from mice) to evaluate the impact of S. frutescens on in vitro inflammatory responses. This study found that the aqueous extract and a polysaccharide-enriched fraction from the aqueous extract exhibited an immuno-stimulatory activity on murine macrophages. Treatment with aqueous extract or polysaccharides increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines via activating the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. On the other hand, the ethanolic extract of S. frutescens dose-dependently decreased the production of ROS, NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in murine macrophages co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon gamma (IFNy). Follow up experiments demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract was mediated via reductions in the activation of NF-kB, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1). RNA sequencing provided more evidences to support the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of S. frutescens. To our surprise, chlorophylls isolated from S. frutescens had a greater effect on the anti-inflammatory of S. frutescens than that of unique compounds (i.e., sutherlandiosides and sutherlandins). To investigate the impact of oral consumption of S. frutescens on in vivo inflammatory responses and anti-microbial activities, mice were fed with AIN-93G based diet with/without containing ground S. frutescens powder or were gavaged with S. frutescens extracts followed by challenge with E. coli or LPS. These experiments found that oral consumption of S. frutescens had limited or no impact on the in vivo inflammatory responses and anti-microbial activities. Overall, this study provide a better understanding on the beneficial therapeutic properties of S. frutescens using in vitro models, however these studies in a laboratory mouse model suggest that consumption of S. frutescens had only a modest impact on host anti-microbial and inflammatory responses to a gram-negative microbial challenge whether intact microbes or bacterial endotoxin (i.e., LPS) was used.

scholarly journals Formulation of Improved Traditional Drugs against virulent species of Salmonella spp in Benin: assessment of the properties from Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus in Benin, West Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris LEGBA ◽  
Victorien DOUGNON ◽  
Carène GBAGUIDI ◽  
Alidah ANIAMBOSSOU ◽  
Esther DEGUENON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Abstract Background Uvaria chamae (Annonaceae), Phyllantus amarus (Phyllantaceae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) are empirically alleged to be used as Beninese medicinal plants in the treatment of salmonellosis. This study aimed to produce scientific data on in vitro and in vivo efficacy of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus on multiresistant Salmonella spp isolated in Benin.Results After in vitro tests on aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Uvaria chamae, Lantana camara and Phyllantus amarus , only the aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae (leaves) showed the best anti- Salmonella ’s activity. It has been used for the following experiments. The induction of salmonellosis revealed 9.0 10 8 CFU/ml was optimal concentration for triggering and maintaining the symptoms in chicks. This infective concentration has been used for in vivo assessment. 24 hours post inoculation later, the symptoms of salmonellosis (wet cloaca, diarrhea stool and somnolence) were observed in infected groups. After seven days of treatment, the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 85%, 52.38% and 98% respectively in the chicks groups infected with Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028. About the groups infected with Salmonella spp (virulent strain), the rate of reduction of bacterial load at 100 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 400 mg / L of this extract was 0%, 98.66% and 99.33%. The toxicity tests did not show any significant effect of the Uvaria chamae ’s extract on the biochemical and hematological parameters of the chicks.Conclusion The aqueous extract of Uvaria chamae is active in vitro and in vivo on multiresistant strains of Salmonella spp . This plant is a good candidate for the development of an improved traditional medicine for the management of salmonellosis.

Effect of Peganum Harmala Seeds Extract on Nitric Oxide in U937 Monocytes and Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Rahmati ◽  
Fatemeh Hajighasemi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
No Production ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background and Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) has an essential role in inflammation and has been related to pathogenesis and the progress of numerous inflammatory-based diseases, including some cancers. Peganum harmala (P. harmala) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of numerous diseases such as several infections. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala extracts and its derivatives (harmaline and harmine) by suppressing myeloperoxidase, NO, and other mediators have been demonstrated in vivo. In this study, the effect of P. harmala seeds aqueous extract on NO production in U937 monocytic cells and peritoneal macrophages has been evaluated in vitro. Materials and Methods: U937 and mice peritoneal macrophages were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial institute-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum. Then, the cells at the logarithmic growth phase were incubated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of P. harmala seeds (0.1-1 mg/ml) for 24 hours. Next, NO production was assessed by the Griess method in the culture medium. Results: P. harmala seeds aqueous extract did not significantly affect lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in U937 cells and peritoneal macrophages after 24 hours incubation time compared with untreated control cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala may be mediated through NO-independent mechanism(s). However, further studies are warranted to define the P. harmala aqueous extract impact on NO expression in other related normal and cancerous cells.

scholarly journals Effects of New NSAID-CAI Hybrid Compounds in Inflammation and Lung Fibrosis

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Laura Lucarini ◽  
Mariaconcetta Durante ◽  
Silvia Sgambellone ◽  
Cecilia Lanzi ◽  
Elisabetta Bigagli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Pulmonary fibrosis is a severe lung disease with progressive worsening of dyspnea, characterized by chronic inflammation and remodeling of lung parenchyma. Carbonic anhydrases are a family of zinc-metallo-enzymes that catalyze the reversible interconversion of carbon-dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (CAI) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in animals with permanent-middle-cerebral artery occlusion, arthritis and neuropathic pain. The pharmacological profile of a new class of hybrid compounds constituted by a CAI connected to a Nonsteroidal-Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) was studied in the modulation of inflammation and fibrosis. In-vitro tests were performed to assess their effects on cyclo-oxygenase enzyme (COX)-1 and COX-2, namely inhibition of platelet aggregation and thromboxane B2 production in the human-platelet-rich plasma, and reduction of Prostaglandin-E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-treated-RAW-264.7 macrophage cell line. The activity of compound 3, one of the most active, was studied in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice. The hybrid compounds showed a higher potency in inhibiting PGE2 production, but not in modifying the platelet aggregation and the TXB2 production in comparison to the reference molecules, indicating an increased activity in COX-2 inhibition. In the in-vivo murine model, the compound 3 was more effective in decreasing inflammation, lung stiffness and oxidative stress in comparison to the reference drugs given alone or in association. In conclusion, these CAI-NSAID hybrid compounds are promising new anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of lung chronic inflammatory diseases.

In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of Zao-Jiao-Ci (the spine of Gleditsia sinensis Lam.) aqueous extract and its mechanisms of action

2016 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Kai Li ◽  
Xuelin Zhou ◽  
Hing Lok Wong ◽  
Chun Fai Ng ◽  
Wei Ming Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Gleditsia Sinensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of silver nanoparticle-mediated Selaginella myosurus aqueous extract

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 8537-8548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Belle Ebanda Kedi ◽  
Francois Eya'ane Meva ◽  
Lebogang Kotsedi ◽  
Edwige Laure Nguemfo ◽  
Calvin Bogning Zangueu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals Melissa officinalis L. Aqueous Extract Exerts Antioxidant and Antiangiogenic Effects and Improves Physiological Skin Parameters

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2369
Author(s):  
Simona Sipos ◽  
Elena-Alina Moacă ◽  
Ioana Zinuca Pavel ◽  
Ştefana Avram ◽  
Octavian Marius Crețu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Vascular Toxicity ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Melissa officinalis (MO) is a medicinal plant well-known for its multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer and beneficial effects on skin recovery. In this context, the present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo safety profile of an MO aqueous extract by assessing cell viability on normal (HaCaT—human keratinocytes) and tumor (A375—human melanoma) cells and its impact on physiological skin parameters by a non-invasive method. In addition, the antioxidant activity and the antiangiogenic potential of the extract were verified. A selective cytotoxic effect was noted in A375 cells, while no toxicity was noticed in healthy cells. The MO aqueous extract safety profile after topical application was investigated on SKH-1 mice, and an enhanced skin hydration and decreased erythema and transepidermal water loss levels were observed. The in ovo CAM assay, performed to investigate the potential modulating effect on the angiogenesis process and the blood vessels impact, indicated that at concentrations of 100 and 500 µg/mL, MO aqueous extract induced a reduction of thin capillaries. No signs of vascular toxicity were recorded at concentrations as high as 1000 μg/mL. The aqueous extract of MO leaves can be considered a promising candidate for skin disorders with impaired physiological skin parameters.

scholarly journals Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana and Two of Its Bioactive Components, Estafiatin and Eupatilin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3654
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa ◽  
Pablo Noé Núñez-Aragón ◽  
Erika Gomez-Chang ◽  
Edelmira Linares ◽  
Robert Bye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Gastroprotective Activity ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Artemisia Ludoviciana ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
H Pylori

Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana, whose main etiological agent is Helicobacter pylori, has been traditionally used for the treatment of digestive ailments such as gastritis. In a previous screening study, the aqueous extract exhibited good in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. With the aim of determining the efficacy of this species as a treatment for H. pylori related diseases and finding bioactive compounds, its aqueous extract was subjected to solvent partitioning and the fractions obtained were tested for their in vitro anti-H. pylori effect, as well as for their in vivo gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. The aqueous extract showed a MIC = 250 µg/mL. No acute toxicity was induced in mice. A gastroprotection of 69.8 ± 3.8%, as well as anti-inflammatory effects of 47.6 ± 12.4% and 38.8 ± 10.2% (by oral and topical administration, respectively), were attained. Estafiatin and eupatilin were isolated and exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with MBCs of 15.6 and 31.2 µg/mL, respectively. The finding that A. ludoviciana aqueous extract has significant anti-H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities is a relevant contribution to the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this species. This work is the first report about the in vivo gastroprotective activity of A. ludoviciana and the anti-H. pylori activity of eupatilin and estafiatin.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antiulcer Activity, of Ficus thonningii (Moraceae) Aqueous Fruits Extract in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Uji Pius Uku ◽  
Tembe Estella Fokunang ◽  
Mbong Grace ◽  
Njinkio Nono Borgia ◽  
Ingrid Mogue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Neutralization Capacity ◽  
Ficus Thonningii ◽  
Dose Dependent

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 80% of the world’s population rely mostly on traditional medicine. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) which results from an imbalance between stomach acid-pepsin and mucosal defense barriers is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population and represents 33% of gastroenterology consultations in Cameroon. The people in low medium incomecountries depend mostly on medicinal plants for primary healthcare since they can be accessed quickly and are affordable. Such plant is Ficus thonningii Blume, which is found abundantly in Africa and also in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to phytochemically screened the aqueous fruits extract of Ficus thonningii (AEFFt), and investigate their antiulcer activity. Methods: The aqueous fruits extract was phytochemically screened following standard qualitative methods. Four in vitro tests to characterize antacid properties were carried out. Ulcers were induced using an ethanol and hydrochloric acid (HCl/EtOH) solution. Ulcer preventive (anti-ulcer) activity was investigated in 6 different treatment groups: 2 conventional drugs (Maalox 100 mg/kg, Omeprazole 20 mg/kg), three doses of AEFFt at (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, & 500 mg/Kg), and a vehicle treatment group (administered only the ulcerogenic agent). Histological analysis of the stomachs was carried out. Results: The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii showed the presence of flavonoids, mucilages, saponins, gallic tannins, betacyanins, and total polyphenols. Following the in vitro tests, we obtained a value of 7.4mEq for acid neutralization capacity (ANC) for the extract, and a pH of 4.2 for the extract following FDA test. For the in vivo tests, the aqueous extract of fruits of F. thonningii (AEFFt) showed a dose-dependent increase ulcer-preventive (gastroprotective) activity with the three treatment aqueous extracts doses. Conclusion: The study showed that, the aqueous extract of fruits of Ficus thonningii showed a dose-dependent ulcer-preventive activity that could be accounted for by the presence of bioactive phytochemicals like polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins).

Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulin Nyadjeu ◽  
Alain Dongmo ◽  
Télesphore Benoît Nguelefack ◽  
Albert Kamanyi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Katp Channels ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pre Treatment

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume stem bark aqueous extract in rats. The in vivo activities of the extract were evaluated on normotensive and three rat models of hypertension while the in vitro tests were assayed on rat isolated aorta rings. Acute intravenous injection of the extract (5, 10 and 20mg/kg) induced a significant reduction in mean arterial blood pressure in anaesthetised normotensive Wistar rats, salt-loaded hypertensive, L-NAME hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Pre-treatment of rats with either propranolol or atropine significantly inhibited the hypotensive effects of the plant extract suggesting its possible action through the interferences with both cholinergic and sympathetic transmissions. Moreover, pre-treatment of rats with L-NAME inhibited the sustained plant antihypertensive effects, suggesting a possible active vasodilatation, which might be partly mediated by an endothelial l-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. In isolated rat aortic rings pre-contracted with KCl (60mM), the extract exhibited cumulative vasodilating effects, which were attenuated with either L-NAME, vascular endothelium removal or both tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide pre-treatments. The vasorelaxant effects may be involved in the extract antihypertensive mechanism, partially by increasing the endothelial nitric oxide and by activating the KATP channels in vascular smooth muscle.

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